Blueberry extract as a potential pharmacological tool for preventing depressive-like behavior and neurochemical dysfunctions in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

OBJECTIVE: Major depressive disorder is a debilitating and recurrent psychiatric disorder. Blueberries have several biological properties, including neuroprotective effects, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blueberry extract on depressive-like behavior and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurochemical changes. METHODS: Mice were pretreated with vehicle, fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or blueberry extract (100 or 200 mg/kg) intragastrically for seven days before intraperitoneal LPS (0.83 mg/kg) injection. Twenty-four hours after LPS administration, mice were submitted to behavioral tests. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory parameters were evaluated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. RESULTS: Our data showed that blueberry extract or fluoxetine treatment protected against LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in tail suspension and splash tests (P < 0.05), without changes in locomotor activity (P > 0.05). LPS induced an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.001), nitrite (P < 0.05) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.01), as well as a reduction in total sulfhydryl content (P < 0.05) and catalase activity (P < 0.05) in brain structures; blueberry extract restored these alterations (P < 0.05). In addition, blueberry extract attenuated the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels induced by LPS administration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that blueberry extract exerted antidepressant-like effects, protected the brain against oxidative damage, and modulated TNF-α levels induced by LPS.

Aqueous wheat extract (Triticuma estivum) prevents carboplatin-induced myelosuppression and oxidative stress in Wistar rats / Extrato aquoso de trigo (Triticum aestivum) na prevenção da mielossupressão e estresse oxidativo induzidos pela carboplatina em ratos Wistar

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate the use of aqueous wheat extracts as an adjunct to antineoplastic therapy with carboplatin. In this study, 32 rats were used which were randomly distributed into 4 groups: G1 - negative control; G2 - control treated with physiological solution; G3 - animals treated with aqueous extract of wheat in the concentration of 100mg/kg; G4 - animals treated with aqueous wheat extract at the concentration of 400mg/kg; 300mg/m² of carboplatin was administered intraperitoneally at day 0 in animals from groups G2, G3, and G4, whereas 1ml of physiological solution was administered by the same route in animals from group G1. Animals were treated daily for 21 days by orogastric gavage according to their respective experimental group. Blood was collected from animals on days 3, 7 and 21 for complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry, and measurement of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. On day 21, animals were euthanized and necropsied. Promising results were obtained regarding oxidative balance in groups G3 and G4. Both presented better PON1 activity in comparison with group G2 (P<0.05). Total leukocyte count of group G4 differed significantly from group G2 (P<0.05) on day 21. Myelogram values of animals from groups G3 and G4 were ​​similar to those from G1; animals from G3 had lower numbers of promyelocytes and increased numbers of erythrocytes and rubriblasts than animals from G2 (P<0.05). In the present experimental study, aqueous wheat extract was safe at the doses used in the animals, and was an effective treatment for myelosuppression and for the prevention of an excessive release of free radicals induced by carboplatin.

RESUMO: O presente estudo avaliou a utilização dos extratos aquosos de trigo como adjuvante a terapia antineoplásica com carboplatina. No estudo foram utilizadas 32 ratas, as quais foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em quatro grupos: G1 - controle negativo; G2 - controle tratado com solução fisiológica; G3 - tratado com extrato aquoso de trigo na concentração de 100mg/kg; G4 - tratado com extrato aquoso de trigo na concentração de 400mg/kg. Administrou-se 300mg/m² de carboplatina por via intraperitoneal no dia 0 nos grupos G2, G3, e G4, enquanto no G1 foi administrado 1mL de solução fisiológica pela mesma via. Os animais foram tratados diariamente durante 21 dias por gavagem orogástrica de acordo com seu respectivo grupo experimental. Foi coletado sangue dos animais nos dias três, sete e 21, para realização de hemograma, testes bioquímicos e mensuração da atividade da paraoxanase 1 (PON1). No dia 21 os animais foram eutanasiados e realizada coleta de medula óssea, rim e fígado. Foram observados resultados promissores com relação ao balanço oxidativo no G3 e G4, pois ambos apresentaram melhor atividade da PON1 em relação ao G2 (P<0,05). Além disso, foi constatado que os mesmos grupos apresentaram contagem de leucócitos totais superiores ao G2 durante todo o período experimental, com G4 diferindo significativamente do G2 (P<0,05) no dia 21. Os mielogramas dos animais do G3 e G4 apresentaram valores análogos ao G1, sendo que o G3 apresentou menor contagem de promielócitos e maior de células eritroides e rubroblastos que o G2 (P<0,05). Nas condições experimentais deste estudo os extratos aquosos de trigo mostraram-se seguros nas doses utilizadas e úteis no tratamento da mielossupressão e liberação excessiva de radicais livres induzidas pelo fármaco carboplatina.

Aqueous wheat extract (Triticuma estivum) prevents carboplatin-induced myelosuppression and oxidative stress in Wistar rats / Extrato aquoso de trigo (Triticum aestivum) na prevenção da mielossupressão e estresse oxidativo induzidos pela carboplatina em ratos Wistar

The present study aimed to evaluate the use of aqueous wheat extracts as an adjunct to antineoplastic therapy with carboplatin. In this study, 32 rats were used which were randomly distributed into 4 groups: G1 - negative control; G2 - control treated with physiological solution; G3 - animals treated with aqueous extract of wheat in the concentration of 100mg/kg; G4 - animals treated with aqueous wheat extract at the concentration of 400mg/kg; 300mg/m² of carboplatin was administered intraperitoneally at day 0 in animals from groups G2, G3, and G4, whereas 1ml of physiological solution was administered by the same route in animals from group G1. Animals were treated daily for 21 days by orogastric gavage according to their respective experimental group. Blood was collected from animals on days 3, 7 and 21 for complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry, and measurement of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. On day 21, animals were euthanized and necropsied. Promising results were obtained regarding oxidative balance in groups G3 and G4. Both presented better PON1 activity in comparison with group G2 (P 0.05). Total leukocyte count of group G4 differed significantly from group G2 (P 0.05) on day 21. Myelogram values of animals from groups G3 and G4 were similar to those from G1; animals from G3 had lower numbers of promyelocytes and increased numbers of erythrocytes and rubriblasts than animals from G2 (P 0.05). In the present experimental study, aqueous wheat extract was safe at the doses used in the animals, and was an effective treatment for myelosuppression and for the prevention of an excessive release of free radicals induced by carboplatin.(AU)

O presente estudo avaliou a utilização dos extratos aquosos de trigo como adjuvante a terapia antineoplásica com carboplatina. No estudo foram utilizadas 32 ratas, as quais foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em quatro grupos: G1 - controle negativo; G2 - controle tratado com solução fisiológica; G3 - tratado com extrato aquoso de trigo na concentração de 100mg/kg; G4 - tratado com extrato aquoso de trigo na concentração de 400mg/kg. Administrou-se 300mg/m² de carboplatina por via intraperitoneal no dia 0 nos grupos G2, G3, e G4, enquanto no G1 foi administrado 1mL de solução fisiológica pela mesma via. Os animais foram tratados diariamente durante 21 dias por gavagem orogástrica de acordo com seu respectivo grupo experimental. Foi coletado sangue dos animais nos dias três, sete e 21, para realização de hemograma, testes bioquímicos e mensuração da atividade da paraoxanase 1 (PON1). No dia 21 os animais foram eutanasiados e realizada coleta de medula óssea, rim e fígado. Foram observados resultados promissores com relação ao balanço oxidativo no G3 e G4, pois ambos apresentaram melhor atividade da PON1 em relação ao G2 (P 0,05). Além disso, foi constatado que os mesmos grupos apresentaram contagem de leucócitos totais superiores ao G2 durante todo o período experimental, com G4 diferindo significativamente do G2 (P 0,05) no dia 21. Os mielogramas dos animais do G3 e G4 apresentaram valores análogos ao G1, sendo que o G3 apresentou menor contagem de promielócitos e maior de células eritroides e rubroblastos que o G2 (P 0,05). Nas condições experimentais deste estudo os extratos aquosos de trigo mostraram-se seguros nas doses utilizadas e úteis no tratamento da mielossupressão e liberação excessiva de radicais livres induzidas pelo fármaco carboplatina.(AU)

Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation of Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth.

This study assessed the pH, radiopacity, antimicrobial effect, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of endodontic filling materials for primary teeth. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), Vitapex and Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide (ZO) were evaluated in comparison to an experimental MTA-based material. Radiopacity was tested using a graduated aluminum stepwedge with a digital sensor (n=5). The materials pH was recorded at 1, 4, 12 h; 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days (n=5). Direct contact test was used to assess the antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis after 1, 4, 12, 24 h (n=5). Cytotoxicity assay used MTT test for cell viability after incubation for 1, 3 and 7 days (n=5). For biocompatibility test, Wistar rats had received implants containing each material (n=5). The biopsied tissues were histologically analyzed after 15, 30 and 60 days. The results of radiopacity, pH, antimicrobial capacity and cytotoxicity were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. The histological data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test. The experimental material presented the lowest radiopacity (3.28 mm Al) and had a pH>12.0 throughout the test period. The experimental material showed the highest antibacterial effect, killing over 99.97% bacteria in 4 h. Vitapex presented the highest cell viability. Initially, biocompatibility test showed moderate to severe inflammation in all groups. After 60 days, Calen+ZO group showed moderate inflammation, while the others showed predominantly mild inflammatory reaction. The present results demonstrated that the experimental MTA-based material exhibited satisfactory behavior regarding the studied properties. Additional in vivo studies are necessary for a better evaluation of the material.

Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation of Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth

Abstract This study assessed the pH, radiopacity, antimicrobial effect, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of endodontic filling materials for primary teeth. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), Vitapex and Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide (ZO) were evaluated in comparison to an experimental MTA-based material. Radiopacity was tested using a graduated aluminum stepwedge with a digital sensor (n=5). The materials pH was recorded at 1, 4, 12 h; 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days (n=5). Direct contact test was used to assess the antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis after 1, 4, 12, 24 h (n=5). Cytotoxicity assay used MTT test for cell viability after incubation for 1, 3 and 7 days (n=5). For biocompatibility test, Wistar rats had received implants containing each material (n=5). The biopsied tissues were histologically analyzed after 15, 30 and 60 days. The results of radiopacity, pH, antimicrobial capacity and cytotoxicity were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. The histological data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test. The experimental material presented the lowest radiopacity (3.28 mm Al) and had a pH>12.0 throughout the test period. The experimental material showed the highest antibacterial effect, killing over 99.97% bacteria in 4 h. Vitapex presented the highest cell viability. Initially, biocompatibility test showed moderate to severe inflammation in all groups. After 60 days, Calen+ZO group showed moderate inflammation, while the others showed predominantly mild inflammatory reaction. The present results demonstrated that the experimental MTA-based material exhibited satisfactory behavior regarding the studied properties. Additional in vivo studies are necessary for a better evaluation of the material.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o pH, radiopacidade, efeito antimicrobiano, citotoxicidade e biocompatibilidae de materiais obturadores de dentes decíduos. Foram avaliados o cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE), Vitapex e pasta Calen espessada com óxido de zinco (OZ), comparativamente a um material experimental à base de MTA. A radiopacidade foi testada usando uma escala milimetrada de alumínio, com um sensor digital. O pH dos materiais também foi avaliado nos períodos de 1, 4, 12 h; 1, 3, 7, 15, e 30 dias (n=5). O teste de contato direto foi utilizado para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana dos materiais conta uma cepa de Enterococcus faecalis após incubação por 1, 4, 12, e 24 h (n=5). Para avaliação da citotoxicidade foi utilizado o teste de MTT para avaliação da viabilidade celular. No teste de biocompatibilidade, ratos Wistar receberam implantes subcutâneos contendo cada material obturador (n=5). Após biópsia, os tecidos foram submetidos à avaliação histológica em períodos de 15, 30 e 60 dias. Os resultados de radiopacidade, pH, ação antimicrobiana e citotoxicidade foram analisados usando os testes ANOVA e Tukey. Os dados histológicos foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis. O material experimental apresentou a menor radiopacidade (3.28 mm Al) e apresentou um pH superior a 12,0 durante todo o período experimental. O material experimental apresentou o maior efeito antimicrobiano, eliminando mais de 99,97% das bactérias em um período de 4 h. O Vitapex permitiu uma maior viabilidade celular em comparação aos demais materiais avaliados. Inicialmente, os testes de biocompatibilidade demonstraram inflamação de moderada a severa em todos os grupos. Após 60 dias, apenas o grupo Calen+ OZ apresentou inflamação moderada, enquanto os outros materiais demonstraram predominantemente a indução de inflamação leve. Os resultados demonstraram que o material experimental à base de MTA exibiu comportamento satisfatório com relação às propriedades avaliadas. Estudos adicionais, in vivo, são necessários para uma melhor avaliação do material.

Pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas - relação do tratamento com o prognóstico / Relationship between treatment and prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant cutaneous neoplasm which occurs frequently in small animals. Histopathology or fine needle aspiration cytology is necessary to confirm diagnosis; macroscopic diagnosis is not possible since the lesions are very similar to others of distinct etiologies. Owing to the fact that it is a neoplasm, diagnosis and treatment are usually not well accepted by owners, especially since it can cause esthetic changes to the animal and adjunct treatments can cause unwanted side effects. The objective of this study was to report clinical cases of SCC with distinct tumor subtypes and relate the recommended treatment with prognosis of patients. Case: Two dogs and one cat with SCC that were subjected to physical and dermatological examination, and tested negative for sporotrichosis, cryptococcosis, and manges. Dog 1 (male, 9-year-old, yellow Labrador retriever) exhibited inspiratory dyspnea for three weeks owing to an ulcerative hemorrhagic lesion on the nose. In view of the site of the lesion, a radiographic exam was requested, and the bony portion of the septum was found to be compromised. Cat 2 (female, 10-year-old, bicolor, mixed-breed cat) exhibited a focal, punctate, ulcerated, hemorrhagic lesion on the nose. Dog 3 (female, 10-year-old, white Dogo Argentino) exhibited several ulcerative lesions, and papulae, plaques and comedones on the ventral region of the abdomen.Treatment for deep pyoderma and comedone syndrome were initially instituted; on follow-up, more ulcerative lesions were present, which prompted the inclusion of neoplasm as a differential diagnosis. In cases 1 and 3, histopathology was performed with diagnosis of undifferentiated and differentiated SCC, respectively. In both cases, surgical margins were compromised after resection of the lesion...

Pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas - relação do tratamento com o prognóstico / Relationship between treatment and prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant cutaneous neoplasm which occurs frequently in small animals. Histopathology or fine needle aspiration cytology is necessary to confirm diagnosis; macroscopic diagnosis is not possible since the lesions are very similar to others of distinct etiologies. Owing to the fact that it is a neoplasm, diagnosis and treatment are usually not well accepted by owners, especially since it can cause esthetic changes to the animal and adjunct treatments can cause unwanted side effects. The objective of this study was to report clinical cases of SCC with distinct tumor subtypes and relate the recommended treatment with prognosis of patients. Case: Two dogs and one cat with SCC that were subjected to physical and dermatological examination, and tested negative for sporotrichosis, cryptococcosis, and manges. Dog 1 (male, 9-year-old, yellow Labrador retriever) exhibited inspiratory dyspnea for three weeks owing to an ulcerative hemorrhagic lesion on the nose. In view of the site of the lesion, a radiographic exam was requested, and the bony portion of the septum was found to be compromised. Cat 2 (female, 10-year-old, bicolor, mixed-breed cat) exhibited a focal, punctate, ulcerated, hemorrhagic lesion on the nose. Dog 3 (female, 10-year-old, white Dogo Argentino) exhibited several ulcerative lesions, and papulae, plaques and comedones on the ventral region of the abdomen.Treatment for deep pyoderma and comedone syndrome were initially instituted; on follow-up, more ulcerative lesions were present, which prompted the inclusion of neoplasm as a differential diagnosis. In cases 1 and 3, histopathology was performed with diagnosis of undifferentiated and differentiated SCC, respectively. In both cases, surgical margins were compromised after resection of the lesion...(AU)

Qualidade do processo cicatricial de feridas cirúrgicas tratadas com antissépticos em cães / Quality of the healing process on canine surgical wounds treated with antiseptics / Calidad del proceso de cicatrización de las heridas quirúrgicas tratadas con antiséptica en perros

Objetivou-se avaliar e comparar o processo e a qualidade da cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas em cães tratadas com clorexidine 0,5% (CHX), polivinil pirrolidona iodo (PVPI) 10% e solução fisiológica 0,9% (NaCI). Foram estudadas clinicamente 30 feridas cirúrgicas de ovariosalpingohisterectomia de fêmeas caninas hígidas. Esses animais foram divididos em grupos de acordo com os tratamentos PVPI, CHX e NaCI. Com relação aos resultados não foi observada diferença estatística no final do processo cicatricial. Na avaliação da qualidade cicatricial foi observada a presença de cicatrizes harmônicas nos grupos NaCI e CHX. Conclui-se que o processo cicatricial de feridas cirúrgicas em cães tratados com clorexidine 0,5% e polivinil pirrolidona iodo (PVPI) 10% é semelhante. Embora as feridas tratadas com clorexidine 0,5% apresentam-se harmônicas enquanto as tratadas com PVPI não apresentam esse aspecto.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the process and quality of healing of surgical wounds in dogs treated with chlorhexidine 0.5 % (CHX), polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP) 10% and 0.9% saline solution (NaCI). Thirty surgical ovariosalpingohisterectomy wounds from healthy female dogs were clinically studied. These animals were divided into groups according to PVPI, CHX and NaCI treatments. Regarding the results achieved there was no statistical difference at the end of the healing process. In the assessment of scar quality, the presence of harmonics scars on NaCI and CHX groups was observed. It is possible to conclude thus that the healing process of surgical wounds in dogs treated with 0.5 % chlorhexidine and polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP) 10% is similar, although the wounds treated with 0.5 % chlorhexidine are harmonic whereas those treated with PVP do not present this aspect.

Se objetivó evaluar y comparar el proceso y la calidad de la cicatrización de las heridas quirúrgicas en perros tratados con clorhexidina 0,5% (CHX), yodo polivinilpirrolidona 10% (PVP) y solución salina 0,9% (NaCI). Se estudiaron clínicamente 30 heridas quirúrgicas de ovariosalpingohisterectomia de hembras caninas hígidas. Estos animales fueron divididos en grupos de acuerdo a los tratamientos de PVP, CHX y NaCI. Con relación a los resultados no fue observada diferencia estadística al final del proceso de curación. En la evaluación de la calidad de curación se observó la presencia de cicatrices armónicas en los grupos NaCI y CHX. Se concluye que el proceso de curación de las heridas quirúrgicas en perros tratados con clorhexidina 0,5% e yodo polivinil pirrolidona (PVP) 10% es semejante. Aunque las heridas tratadas con clorhexidina 0,5% se presentan armónicas en cuanto que las tratadas con PVP no presentan este aspecto.

Qualidade do processo cicatricial de feridas cirúrgicas tratadas com antissépticos em cães / Quality of the healing process on canine surgical wounds treated with antiseptics / Calidad del proceso de cicatrización de las heridas quirúrgicas tratadas con antiséptica en perros

Objetivou-se avaliar e comparar o processo e a qualidade da cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas em cães tratadas com clorexidine 0,5% (CHX), polivinil pirrolidona iodo (PVPI) 10% e solução fisiológica 0,9% (NaCI). Foram estudadas clinicamente 30 feridas cirúrgicas de ovariosalpingohisterectomia de fêmeas caninas hígidas. Esses animais foram divididos em grupos de acordo com os tratamentos PVPI, CHX e NaCI. Com relação aos resultados não foi observada diferença estatística no final do processo cicatricial. Na avaliação da qualidade cicatricial foi observada a presença de cicatrizes harmônicas nos grupos NaCI e CHX. Conclui-se que o processo cicatricial de feridas cirúrgicas em cães tratados com clorexidine 0,5% e polivinil pirrolidona iodo (PVPI) 10% é semelhante. Embora as feridas tratadas com clorexidine 0,5% apresentam-se harmônicas enquanto as tratadas com PVPI não apresentam esse aspecto.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the process and quality of healing of surgical wounds in dogs treated with chlorhexidine 0.5 % (CHX), polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP) 10% and 0.9% saline solution (NaCI). Thirty surgical ovariosalpingohisterectomy wounds from healthy female dogs were clinically studied. These animals were divided into groups according to PVPI, CHX and NaCI treatments. Regarding the results achieved there was no statistical difference at the end of the healing process. In the assessment of scar quality, the presence of harmonics scars on NaCI and CHX groups was observed. It is possible to conclude thus that the healing process of surgical wounds in dogs treated with 0.5 % chlorhexidine and polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP) 10% is similar, although the wounds treated with 0.5 % chlorhexidine are harmonic whereas those treated with PVP do not present this aspect.(AU)

Se objetivó evaluar y comparar el proceso y la calidad de la cicatrización de las heridas quirúrgicas en perros tratados con clorhexidina 0,5% (CHX), yodo polivinilpirrolidona 10% (PVP) y solución salina 0,9% (NaCI). Se estudiaron clínicamente 30 heridas quirúrgicas de ovariosalpingohisterectomia de hembras caninas hígidas. Estos animales fueron divididos en grupos de acuerdo a los tratamientos de PVP, CHX y NaCI. Con relación a los resultados no fue observada diferencia estadística al final del proceso de curación. En la evaluación de la calidad de curación se observó la presencia de cicatrices armónicas en los grupos NaCI y CHX. Se concluye que el proceso de curación de las heridas quirúrgicas en perros tratados con clorhexidina 0,5% e yodo polivinil pirrolidona (PVP) 10% es semejante. Aunque las heridas tratadas con clorhexidina 0,5% se presentan armónicas en cuanto que las tratadas con PVP no presentan este aspecto.(AU)

Considerations about the AIN-93M diet elaborated to Biological models / Considerações sobre a dieta AIN-93M elaborada para modelos biológicos

Diets can be formulated in many different ways in order to assess metabolic ailments, however, animal welfare must be considered when preparing homemade chow, according with the chosen animal model. This assay analyses the composition of a modified AIN-93 diet for mice, and its effect on weight gain and blood glucose levels on Swiss/WB mice. Initially, normal and hyperlipidic chow were prepared and subjected to bromatology assays. Ten Swiss/WB mice were fed with either commercial chow, or one of the two lab-made preparations for 60 days. After this period, weight and blood glucose levels were assessed weekly for another 60 days. The animals that were fed commercial chow had lower weight and glucose levels, compared to the lab-made chow. The hiperlipidic and normal chow fed mice did not differ in these parameters. The bromatology revealed that the normal chow, formulated accordingto the recommendations of AIN-93M had a high amount of carbohydrates, and low amounts of proteins, under the recommended levels for the species. Thusly, this study shows that a diet considered normal may be altering the metabolic functions of mice, probably due to an altered carbohydrate to protein ratio.

Existem diversas formas de elaborar dietas para avaliar alterações metabólicas, porém faz-se necessário considerar as condições de bem-estar animal e se as dietas modificadas estão de acordo com os modelos biológicos estudados. Este estudo objetivou analisar a composição da dieta elaborada de acordo com o proposto na literatura, AIN-93 modificada, e sua interferência no peso e glicemia dos camundongos Swiss/WB. Inicialmente foram elaboradas as dietas normocalórica e hiperlipídica, sendo realizada a bromatologia destas rações e comparadas com os valores da dieta comercial. Dez camundongos Swiss/WB, foram alimentados com dieta comercial; normocalórica e hiperlipídica por 60 dias. Após este período, a avaliação do peso e da glicemia foram aferidos semanalmente por mais 60 dias, assim totalizando 120 dias de experimento. Os animais que ingeriram dieta comercial apresentaram peso e glicemia inferior aos demais grupos, porém o peso e glicemia do grupo normocalórica foi semelhante ao do grupo hiperlipídica. O estudo bromatológico revelou que a dieta normocalórica continha elevado teor de carboidrato na sua composição e níveis mais baixos de proteína, de acordo com o recomendado para animais de laboratório. Assim sendo, conclui-se que a dieta normocalórica elaborada de acordo com o AIN-93M eleva o peso e a glicemia dos animais experimentais, provavelmente por conter maiores quantidades de carboidratos e menores de proteína que o alimento comercial.

Considerations about the AIN-93M diet elaborated to Biological models / Considerações sobre a dieta AIN-93M elaborada para modelos biológicos

Diets can be formulated in many different ways in order to assess metabolic ailments, however, animal welfare must be considered when preparing homemade chow, according with the chosen animal model. This assay analyses the composition of a modified AIN-93 diet for mice, and its effect on weight gain and blood glucose levels on Swiss/WB mice. Initially, normal and hyperlipidic chow were prepared and subjected to bromatology assays. Ten Swiss/WB mice were fed with either commercial chow, or one of the two lab-made preparations for 60 days. After this period, weight and blood glucose levels were assessed weekly for another 60 days. The animals that were fed commercial chow had lower weight and glucose levels, compared to the lab-made chow. The hiperlipidic and normal chow fed mice did not differ in these parameters. The bromatology revealed that the normal chow, formulated accordingto the recommendations of AIN-93M had a high amount of carbohydrates, and low amounts of proteins, under the recommended levels for the species. Thusly, this study shows that a diet considered normal may be altering the metabolic functions of mice, probably due to an altered carbohydrate to protein ratio. (AU)

Existem diversas formas de elaborar dietas para avaliar alterações metabólicas, porém faz-se necessário considerar as condições de bem-estar animal e se as dietas modificadas estão de acordo com os modelos biológicos estudados. Este estudo objetivou analisar a composição da dieta elaborada de acordo com o proposto na literatura, AIN-93 modificada, e sua interferência no peso e glicemia dos camundongos Swiss/WB. Inicialmente foram elaboradas as dietas normocalórica e hiperlipídica, sendo realizada a bromatologia destas rações e comparadas com os valores da dieta comercial. Dez camundongos Swiss/WB, foram alimentados com dieta comercial; normocalórica e hiperlipídica por 60 dias. Após este período, a avaliação do peso e da glicemia foram aferidos semanalmente por mais 60 dias, assim totalizando 120 dias de experimento. Os animais que ingeriram dieta comercial apresentaram peso e glicemia inferior aos demais grupos, porém o peso e glicemia do grupo normocalórica foi semelhante ao do grupo hiperlipídica. O estudo bromatológico revelou que a dieta normocalórica continha elevado teor de carboidrato na sua composição e níveis mais baixos de proteína, de acordo com o recomendado para animais de laboratório. Assim sendo, conclui-se que a dieta normocalórica elaborada de acordo com o AIN-93M eleva o peso e a glicemia dos animais experimentais, provavelmente por conter maiores quantidades de carboidratos e menores de proteína que o alimento comercial. (AU)

Avaliação do efeito da lavagem do canal auditivo externo em orelhas com otite externa purulenta bilateral / Evaluating the effect of flushing the external ear canal in ears with bilateral purulentotitis externa

Otite externa é uma afecção frequente na clínica de pequenos animais. Em cães esta enfermidade tem apresentação clínica variável o que exige diferentes terapias. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da lavagem do canal auditivo externo com solução salina estéril em orelhas com otite externa purulenta. Foram estudadas 36 orelhas de cães com otite purulenta, através de inspeção das conchas acústicas, otoscopia, cultura bacteriana e antibiograma. As orelhas foram divididas nos grupos A (18) e B (18). Nas do grupo A foi realizada uma única lavagem audititva no dia "0" e em ambos os grupos as orelhas foram tratadas com solução tópica e antibacteriano sistêmico de 12 em 12 horas. Ao final de 15 dias de tratamento foi demonstrada diferença estatística (p=0,023) entre os grupos para quantidade de exsudato na otoscopia. No mesmo período, observaram-se diferenças estatísticas no grupo A para prurido (p=0,0009), otalgia (p=0,001) e eritema (p=0,001) enquanto que no grupo B apenas para eritema (p=0,004). Foram isoladas bactérias Gram+ e Gram- que diminuíram em ambos os grupos. As bactérias foram mais sensíveis a gentamicina. A lavagem auditiva da orelha externa de cães com instilação e aspiração de solução salina contribuiu para o tratamento da otite externa purulenta reduzindo prurido, otalgia, eritema e exsudato

External otitis is a frequent affection in small animal’s clinic. In dogs this illness has variable clinic presentation which demands different therapies. The objective of this study was evaluated the effect of flushing external auditory conduit with sterile saline solution in purulent ears with external otitis. 36 ears with purulent otitis of dogs were studied, through inspection of acoustic shells, otoscopy, bacterial culture and antibiogram. The ears were divided in groups A (18) and B (18). In the group A was realized only one ear flushing in the day “0” and in both groups the ears were treated with topi solution and systemic anti-bacterial 12 in 12 hours. In the final of 15 days of treatment was demonstrated statistic difference (p=0,023) between the groups for quantity of exudates in otoscopy. In the same period was observed statistic differences in group A for itch(p=0,0009), otalgia (p=0,001 and erythema (p=0,001), while in group B just for erythema (p=0,004). Gram+ and Gram- bactéria was isolated, that decreased in both groups. The bacteria were more sensitive to gentamicin. The ear flushing of external ear of dogs with instillation and aspiration of saline solution contributed to external otitis treatment, reducing itch, otalgia, eythema and exudates

Avaliação do efeito da lavagem do canal auditivo externo em orelhas com otite externa purulenta bilateral / Evaluating the effect of flushing the external ear canal in ears with bilateral purulentotitis externa

Otite externa é uma afecção frequente na clínica de pequenos animais. Em cães esta enfermidade tem apresentação clínica variável o que exige diferentes terapias. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da lavagem do canal auditivo externo com solução salina estéril em orelhas com otite externa purulenta. Foram estudadas 36 orelhas de cães com otite purulenta, através de inspeção das conchas acústicas, otoscopia, cultura bacteriana e antibiograma. As orelhas foram divididas nos grupos A (18) e B (18). Nas do grupo A foi realizada uma única lavagem audititva no dia "0" e em ambos os grupos as orelhas foram tratadas com solução tópica e antibacteriano sistêmico de 12 em 12 horas. Ao final de 15 dias de tratamento foi demonstrada diferença estatística (p=0,023) entre os grupos para quantidade de exsudato na otoscopia. No mesmo período, observaram-se diferenças estatísticas no grupo A para prurido (p=0,0009), otalgia (p=0,001) e eritema (p=0,001) enquanto que no grupo B apenas para eritema (p=0,004). Foram isoladas bactérias Gram+ e Gram- que diminuíram em ambos os grupos. As bactérias foram mais sensíveis a gentamicina. A lavagem auditiva da orelha externa de cães com instilação e aspiração de solução salina contribuiu para o tratamento da otite externa purulenta reduzindo prurido, otalgia, eritema e exsudato(AU)

External otitis is a frequent affection in small animals clinic. In dogs this illness has variable clinic presentation which demands different therapies. The objective of this study was evaluated the effect of flushing external auditory conduit with sterile saline solution in purulent ears with external otitis. 36 ears with purulent otitis of dogs were studied, through inspection of acoustic shells, otoscopy, bacterial culture and antibiogram. The ears were divided in groups A (18) and B (18). In the group A was realized only one ear flushing in the day “0” and in both groups the ears were treated with topi solution and systemic anti-bacterial 12 in 12 hours. In the final of 15 days of treatment was demonstrated statistic difference (p=0,023) between the groups for quantity of exudates in otoscopy. In the same period was observed statistic differences in group A for itch(p=0,0009), otalgia (p=0,001 and erythema (p=0,001), while in group B just for erythema (p=0,004). Gram+ and Gram- bactéria was isolated, that decreased in both groups. The bacteria were more sensitive to gentamicin. The ear flushing of external ear of dogs with instillation and aspiration of saline solution contributed to external otitis treatment, reducing itch, otalgia, eythema and exudates(AU)