[Computed tomographic cholangiography in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis in severe bilirubinemia]. / Komp'iuternaia tomokholangiografiia v diagnostike kholedokholitiaza pri vyrazhennoi bilirubinemii.

Cholangiography used with oral or intravenous contrast agents has gained wide acceptance as the most objective preoperative diagnostic technique for choledocholithiasis. However, an indirect contrasting technique has been found quite unfit in patients with severe bilirubinemia. Despite this, the authors employed indirect contrasting of the bile ducts in 104 patients with severe bilirubinemia in combination with computed tomographic cholangiography. Contrasting took place in 90 (86.5%) patients. In complete obstruction of the choledochus (10 patients), intraductal hypertension prevents the contrast agent and bile from entering the hepatic ducts and the contrast agent is excreted by the kidneys. Thus, the use of the latest equipment and computers allows one to detect minor biliary contrast concentrations during indirect contrasting of the biliary tract in severe bilirubinemia.

[First experience in the treatment of bronchial asthma by resection of the superior laryngeal nerve]. / Pervyi opyt lecheniia bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi putem peresecheniia verkhnego gortannogo nerva.

Operations were conducted on 21 patients for bronchial asthma. Four of them suffered from the hormone-dependent form of the disease. The duration of the disease ranged from 12 months to 18 years. The operations were performed under local anesthesia through a left approach. The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was exposed and identified and a segment of it was resected. The immediate results were positive in 16 cases, no effect was produced in 5 patients. The positive results were confirmed by clinical data and spirometry.

[Antioxidants in the combined treatment of acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. / Antioksidanty v kompleksnom lechenii ostrogo kholetsistita u bol'nykh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

Investigations of the state of processes of lipid peroxidation (PLP) and the antioxidant system (AOS) of the organism performed in 267 elderly and senile patients have shown destabilization of the system "PLP-AOS". The correction of processes of lipid peroxidation with antioxidants improved the course of the postoperative period, decreased the amount of complications and lethality. It allowed a conclusion of the necessity to use antioxidants in the complex treatment of such patients.

[Epidural block in the surgical treatment of cholelithiasis]. / Epidural'naia blokada v khirurgicheskom lechenii zhelchnokamennoi bolezni.

The article analyses surgical treatment of patients with cholelithiasis (231 persons) who were operated on with the use of a "pure" epidural block (59 patients), epidural block in combination with surface endotracheal nitrous oxide anaesthesia (100 patients), and general many--component anaesthesia (72 patients). The results show that epidural block is an effective method of neurovegetative protection of the organism from an operative trauma, provides rapid recovery of the organism for a state of operative stress, and is conducive to reduction of the number of postoperative complications. Administration of hydrocortisone and ephedrine is expedient for the prevention of arterial hypotension and its correction.

[Study of lymph nodes in lung cancer in experimental animals using the indirect lymphography method and a computer]. / Issledovanie limfaticheskikh uzlov pri rake legkikh v éksperimente metodom nepriamoi limfografii s ispol'zovaniem komp'iutera.

Combination of the "PEEC-D" microfocal X-ray apparatus with the DED-3 computerized detector of X-radiation and an electronic computer made it possible to produce a considerably magnified image of the lymph nodes on the display screen and study their structure. The mediastinal lymph nodes differ in structure in different pathological conditions, due to which they can be differentiated. Under normal conditions the lymph nodes have a regular density and a characteristic microcellular structure due to the uncontrasted follicles. In chronic inflammation the lymph nodes have an indistinct capsule. The contrasting and structural pattern of the parenchyma are greatly diminished. The enlarged uncontrasted follicles are spherical. Lymph nodes containing metastases change their configuration sharply and undergo three-dimensional transformation. In the presence of metastases the lymph nodes multiply by separating part of the node.

[Differential diagnostic signs of metastases to the mediastinal lymph nodes in rats with a transplanted Walker tumor]. / Priznaki differentsial'noi diagnostiki metastazov v limfaticheskikh uzlakh sredosteniia u krys s perevivnoi opukhol'iu Uokera.

Density of contrast-free and contrasted mediastinal lymph nodes was studied in simulated chronic pneumonia and lung cancer using the DED-3 type digital computer in combination with the REIS-D X-ray source. Direct high (over 80 times) X-ray magnification may be used to measure lymph node density using digital print-out. This, in turn, may be employed for mathematical analysis and development of differential algorithm for computer. In cases of involvement, the higher mean density of contrast-free lymph nodes was matched by the lower one in contrasted lymph nodes, as compared with normal lymph nodes and those in chronic inflammation. Different values of lymph node tissue heterogeneity (A) and that of mean density of lymph nodes (B3) may be used to find differential algorithm for computer diagnosis of metastasis.

[Effect of a prolonged peridural block on liver function in cholelithiasis patients]. / Vliianie dlitel'noi peridural'noi blokady na funktsional'noe sostoianie pecheni u bol'nykh zhelchnokamennoi bolezn'iu.

The authors have shown that peridural blockade used in surgical interventions in patients with mechanical jaundice does not aggravate hepatic insufficiency diagnosed before the operation and facilitates earlier normalization of liver functions in the nearest postoperative period.