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1.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 91(4): 439-443, 2021 Nov 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33621222

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Patients with univentricular hearts who require permanent pacing systems typically require placement of epicardial leads. It is frequently difficult to find a position with good thresholds due to epimyocardial fibrosis or fat. The goal of the study is to assess the progression of capture thresholds (CT), sensing parameters (P waves and R waves), and impedances (imp) of steroid eluting epicardial pacing leads in young adults who underwent Fontan conversion and a pacemaker implant. METHODS: All patients undergoing Fontan conversion in two institutions were retrospectively identified. Demographic data, congenital heart defects, pacing leads used, and pacing parameters were analyzed at implant, at 6 weeks and 12 months after implant. RESULTS: Twenty patients were identified (twelve males); mean age at conversion was 24.9 ± 5.4 years (range 18-35). Epicardial bipolar steroid eluting leads were used. The site of implant both in the atria and the ventricles varied depending on the parameters. At implant, mean atrial and ventricular impedances were 617 ± 171 Ω and 1061 ± 771 Ω, respectively, mean P wave amplitude was 2 ± 0.7 mV, and mean R wave amplitude was 12.5 ± 7.7 mV. Mean CT was 1.7 ± 0.8 V at 0.5 ms for the atrium and 2.2 ± 1.2 V at 0.5 ms for the ventricle. Ventricular CT and impedance showed an improvement within the first 12 months after implant, with four patients having a decrease in threshold of more than 2 V. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing Fontan conversion, implant ventricular CT and impedances are frequently higher than expected but typically improve during follow-up. Acceptance of higher initial threshold values may be a potential strategy in this patient population.


OBJETIVO: Los pacientes con corazón univentricular que requieren estimulación cardíaca reciben sistemas de estimulación epicárdicos. Debido a la presencia de fibrosis o grasa epi-miocárdica es dificultoso en esta población encontrar sitios con adecuados parámetros de estimulación. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la progresión de los umbrales de captura, los parámetros de sensado (medición de las ondas P y R) e impedancias (imp) de los catéteres epicárdicos con liberación de esteroides implantados en adultos jóvenes sometidos a cirugía de reconversión de Fontan e implante de marcapasos. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de reconversión de Fontan en dos instituciones fueron analizados retrospectivamente. Los datos demográficos, el tipo de cardiopatía congénita, de catéteres de estimulación y los parámetros de estimulación fueron analizados al momento del implante, a las 6 semanas y al año. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 20 pacientes (12 de ellos de sexo masculino); la edad media al momento de la reconversión fue de 24.9 ± 5.4 años (rango 18-35). Se utilizaron catéteres epicárdicos bipolares de fijación pasiva y con liberación de esteroides en todos los casos. El sitio de implante en las aurículas y en los ventrículos fue variable de acuerdo a los parámetros. En el momento del implante las impedancias medias fueron 617 ± 171 W y 1061 ± 771 W respectivamente, la amplitud media de la onda P fue 2 ± 0.7 mV y la media de amplitud de la onda R fue de 12.5 ± 7.7 mV. Las medias de los umbrales de captura fueron 1.7 ± 0.8 V at 0.5 ms para los catéteres auriculares y 2.2 ± 1.2 V at 0.5 ms para los ventriculares. Los umbrales de captura y las impedancias ventriculares mostraron una mejoría en los 12 meses posteriores al implante, y en 4 pacientes esa mejoría en el umbral de captura ventricular fue mayor a 2 V. CONCLUSIONES: En pacientes sometidos a una cirugía de reconversión de Fontan e implante de marcapasos, los umbrales de captura e impedancias ventriculares son más elevados que los esperados, pero mejoran durante el seguimiento. La aceptación de valores más elevados puede potencialmente constituir una alternativa en esta población de pacientes.


Subject(s)
Heart Defects, Congenital , Pacemaker, Artificial , Adolescent , Adult , Defibrillators, Implantable/standards , Electric Impedance , Electrodes, Implanted , Fontan Procedure , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Ventricles/drug effects , Heart Ventricles/surgery , Humans , Male , Pericardium/drug effects , Pericardium/pathology , Pericardium/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(6): 726-728, dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250303

ABSTRACT

Resumen La disfunción ventricular secundaria a disincronía eléctrica y mecánica es una complicación de la estimulación ventricular desde el ápex del ventrículo derecho. No existen informes de disincronía secundaria a los efectos de fármacos antiarrítmicos. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 10 días de vida con taquicardia supraventricular incesante que se internó en terapia intensiva neonatal. Se inició tratamiento con propranolol por vía oral y ante la persistencia de la taquicardia se agregó amiodarona endovenosa. La paciente estuvo predominantemente en taquicardia con frecuencias cardíacas entre 200 y 290 latidos por minuto durante una semana a pesar del tratamiento instaurado. La función ventricular fue normal en los ecocardiogramas realizados. Se agregó flecainida por vía oral al esquema de tratamiento y luego de 24 horas presentó una taquicardia más lenta con QRS ancho e imagen de bloqueo completo de rama izquierda. Un nuevo ecocardiograma evidenció deterioro de la función ventricular izquierda e insuficiencia mitral moderada lo que motivó la suspensión de la flecainida y el propranolol. A las 24 horas de la suspensión se observó la normalización de la función ventricular a pesar de la persistencia de episodios intermitentes de taquicardia. Se reinició el propranolol logrando el control de la taquicardia. La presencia de disincronía ventricular generada por el bloqueo de rama izquierda secundario al tratamiento farmacológico con flecainida constituye una novedosa explicación posible para el desarrollo de disfunción ventricular.


Abstract Ventricular dysfunction secondary to electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony in chronic right ventricular apical pacing is a well-recognized complication. There are no previous reports of pharmacologically induced dyssynchrony. A 10-day old infant with incessant supraventricular tachycardia was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Therapy with oral propranolol was initiated and due to persistence of tachycardia intravenous amiodarone was administered. The patient remained predominantly in tachycardia with heart rates between 200-290 beats per minute for a week with serial echocardiograms showing preserved ventricular function. Oral flecainide was started. After 24 hours of treatment the patient developed a slower incessant wide QRS with a left bundle branch block pattern. The echocardiogram showed deterioration of left ventricular systolic function and moderate mitral regurgitation. Flecainide and propranolol were discontinued. The QRS complex narrowed and despite intermittent breakthroughs of supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular function normalized. Propranolol was restarted to achieve definitive control of the tachycardia. The presence of ventricular dyssynchrony generated by the left bundle branch block pattern secondary to pharmacological treatment with flecainide is a novel possible explanation for the development of ventricular dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/drug therapy , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Bundle-Branch Block , Electrocardiography , Heart Ventricles
3.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 80(6): 726-728, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33254125

ABSTRACT

Ventricular dysfunction secondary to electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony in chronic right ventricular apical pacing is a well-recognized complication. There are no previous reports of pharmacologically induced dyssynchrony. A 10-day old infant with incessant supraventricular tachycardia was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Therapy with oral propranolol was initiated and due to persistence of tachycardia intravenous amiodarone was administered. The patient remained predominantly in tachycardia with heart rates between 200-290 beats per minute for a week with serial echocardiograms showing preserved ventricular function. Oral flecainide was started. After 24 hours of treatment the patient developed a slower incessant wide QRS with a left bundle branch block pattern. The echocardiogram showed deterioration of left ventricular systolic function and moderate mitral regurgitation. Flecainide and propranolol were discontinued. The QRS complex narrowed and despite intermittent breakthroughs of supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular function normalized. Propranolol was restarted to achieve definitive control of the tachycardia. The presence of ventricular dyssynchrony generated by the left bundle branch block pattern secondary to pharmacological treatment with flecainide is a novel possible explanation for the development of ventricular dysfunction.


La disfunción ventricular secundaria a disincronía eléctrica y mecánica es una complicación de la estimulación ventricular desde el ápex del ventrículo derecho. No existen informes de disincronía secundaria a los efectos de fármacos antiarrítmicos. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 10 días de vida con taquicardia supraventricular incesante que se internó en terapia intensiva neonatal. Se inició tratamiento con propranolol por vía oral y ante la persistencia de la taquicardia se agregó amiodarona endovenosa. La paciente estuvo predominantemente en taquicardia con frecuencias cardíacas entre 200 y 290 latidos por minuto durante una semana a pesar del tratamiento instaurado. La función ventricular fue normal en los ecocardiogramas realizados. Se agregó flecainida por vía oral al esquema de tratamiento y luego de 24 horas presentó una taquicardia más lenta con QRS ancho e imagen de bloqueo completo de rama izquierda. Un nuevo ecocardiograma evidenció deterioro de la función ventricular izquierda e insuficiencia mitral moderada lo que motivó la suspensión de la flecainida y el propranolol. A las 24 horas de la suspensión se observó la normalización de la función ventricular a pesar de la persistencia de episodios intermitentes de taquicardia. Se reinició el propranolol logrando el control de la taquicardia. La presencia de disincronía ventricular generada por el bloqueo de rama izquierda secundario al tratamiento farmacológico con flecainida constituye una novedosa explicación posible para el desarrollo de disfunción ventricular.


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Tachycardia, Supraventricular , Bundle-Branch Block , Electrocardiography , Heart Ventricles , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/drug therapy
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(4): 273-276, agosto 2020. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1118503

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar los resultados y efectos adversos de la terapia con propranolol en menores de un año con taquicardia supraventricular. Población y métodos. Menores de 1 año con taquicardia supraventricular documentada, que recibieron tratamiento y prevención con propranolol por vía oral. Se analizaron sexo y edad, cardiopatía congénita asociada, pre excitación ventricular en el electrocardiograma basal, recurrencia intratratamiento y efectos adversos. Resultados. Se identificaron 107 pacientes. El primer episodio de taquicardia supraventricular ocurrió a una edad mediana de 190 días. En 10 pacientes, se observó cardiopatía congénita asociada. El 23,3 % presentó pre excitación ventricular en el electrocardiograma basal. El rango de la dosis de propranolol fue de 2 a 5 mg/kg/día. En el 30,8 %, se observó recurrencia intratratamiento. En 2 pacientes, se suspendió la medicación por efectos adversos graves. Conclusión. El propranolol evitó la recurrencia en el 70 % de los casos. En 2 pacientes, fue necesario suspenderlo por efectos adversos graves


Objective. To assess the results and adverse events of propranolol therapy in infants younger than 1 year with supraventricular tachycardia. Population and methods. Infants younger than 1 year with documented supraventricular tachycardia who received oral treatment and prophylaxis with propranolol. Sex and age, associated congenital heart disease, ventricular preexcitation in the base line electrocardiogram, on-treatment recurrence, and adverse events were analyzed. Results. A total of 107 patients were identified. The first supraventricular tachycardia event occurred at a median age of 190 days. Associated congenital heart disease was observed in 10 patients. Ventricular preexcitation in the baseline electrocardiogram was detected in 23.3 %. Propranolol dose ranged from 2 to 5 mg/kg/day. On-treatment recurrence was observed in 30.8 %. Medication was discontinued in 2 patients due to severe adverse events. Conclusion. Propranolol prevented recurrence in 70 % of cases. It was discontinued in 2 patients due to severe adverse events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Tachycardia, Supraventricular , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Propranolol/adverse effects , Recurrence , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Heart Diseases
5.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 118(4): 273-276, 2020 08.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32677789

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the results and adverse events of propranolol therapy in infants younger than 1 year with supraventricular tachycardia. POPULATION AND METHODS: Infants younger than 1 year with documented supraventricular tachycardia who received oral treatment and prophylaxis with propranolol. Sex and age, associated congenital heart disease, ventricular preexcitation in the base line electrocardiogram, on-treatment recurrence, and adverse events were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients were identified. The first supraventricular tachycardia event occurred at a median age of 190 days. Associated congenital heart disease was observed in 10 patients. Ventricular preexcitation in the baseline electrocardiogram was detected in 23.3 %. Propranolol dose ranged from 2 to 5 mg/kg/day. On-treatment recurrence was observed in 30.8 %. Medication was discontinued in 2 patients due to severe adverse events. CONCLUSION: Propranolol prevented recurrence in 70 % of cases. It was discontinued in 2 patients due to severe adverse events.


Objetivo. Evaluar los resultados y efectos adversos de la terapia con propranolol en menores de un año con taquicardia supraventricular. Población y métodos. Menores de 1 año con taquicardia supraventricular documentada, que recibieron tratamiento y prevención con propranolol por vía oral. Se analizaron sexo y edad, cardiopatia congènita asociada, pre excitación ventricular en el electrocardiograma basal, recurrencia intratratamiento y efectos adversos. Resultados. Se identificaron 107 pacientes. El primer episodio de taquicardia supraventricular ocurrió a una edad mediana de 190 días. En 10 pacientes, se observó cardiopatia congènita asociada. El 23,3 % presentó pre excitación ventricular en el electrocardiograma basal. El rango de la dosis de propranolol fue de 2 a 5 mg/kg/día. En el 30,8 %, se observó recurrencia intratratamiento. En 2 pacientes, se suspendió la medicación por efectos adversos graves. Conclusión. El propranolol evitó la recurrencia en el 70 % de los casos. En 2 pacientes, fue necesario suspenderlo por efectos adversos graves.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Propranolol/adverse effects , Recurrence , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/prevention & control
6.
Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J ; 20(6): 269-272, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32553638

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of a His-Atrial-Ventricular (HAV) pattern, i.e. the atrial electrogram following the His bundle -HB- electrogram and preceding the ventricular one, on the catheter placed in the His position in pediatric patients during typical atrioventricular node reentry (AVNRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pediatric electrophysiology databases of two separate institutions were queried for patients with a diagnosis of AVNRT. Demographic, clinical data and the electrophysiology study (EPS) information were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-nine consecutive patients were included. Twenty-five were female. The average age at the time of the EPS was 12 ± 3.7 years. Induction was achieved with atrial pacing in 23, with a single atrial extra stimulus in 8 and with dual atrial extra stimuli in 8. Isoproterenol was needed to induce tachycardia in 21. Tachycardia cycle length averaged 320 ± 50 ms. An HAV pattern was present in 35 (74%) of the patients, and in 100% of the patients younger than 8. CONCLUSIONS: An HAV pattern on the catheter placed in the His position, is common in pediatric patients with AVNRT, occurring in up to 74% of the patients in this population, being more common in younger patients.

8.
J Interv Card Electrophysiol ; 53(2): 217-223, 2018 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29732527

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of SVC electrical isolation by LB ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) referred for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). METHODS: Electrical disconnection of the SVC was attempted by LB in 13 consecutive patients (59 ± 10.5 years, 11 male) with AF following PVI. PVI was successfully achieved by standard LB in all before attempting SVC isolation. RESULTS: A laser beam was delivered with 6.3 ± 2.3 W and 8.4 ± 2.7 W (P = 0.001) during 5.38 ± 2.4 min and 9.75 ± 1.6 min (P = 0.024) to achieve SVC and PV, respectively. Isolation of the SVC by LB was accomplished in 8 patients (61%) without complications. Phrenic nerve palsy developed in 3 patients (23%), which resulted in early procedure termination before isolation. Technical problems or interposition of a pacemaker lead to prevented SVC isolation in the remaining 2 patients. After a mean follow-up of 19 ± 3 months, no patient recovered from phrenic nerve palsy. CONCLUSIONS: SVC isolation by LB is feasible but associated with a high risk of phrenic nerve palsy. Limitation of laser delivery time and power appears insufficient to prevent this complication.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation/methods , Laser Therapy/methods , Vena Cava, Superior/surgery , Adult , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnostic imaging , Cohort Studies , Electrocardiography/methods , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Operative Time , Prognosis , Pulmonary Veins/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
9.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 31(1): 118-127, abr. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-789149

ABSTRACT

La fibrilación auricular es la arritmia más común en la práctica clínica. La ablación se considera el tratamiento de elección (indicación clase I) en los pacientes sintomáticos con recurrencias a pesar del tratamiento con fármacos antiarrítmicos. El presente artículo revisa tanto los mecanismos propuestos de esta arritmia como las diferentes metodologías de ablación con catéter y sus indicaciones.


Summary Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Catheter ablation is the treatment of choice (Class I indication) for symptomatic patients with recurrences despite antiarrhythmic drugs. The present article reviews the proposed mechanisms of this arrhythmia and the different ablation methods and indications.

11.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 71(5): 441-8, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22057170

ABSTRACT

Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most frequent causes of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients. It is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Risk factors and prevention strategies are not well defined. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and clinical risk factors associated to the development of contrast induced nephropathy in patients hospitalized for ACS. In a retrospective cohort we analyzed consecutive patients hospitalized for ACS undergoing urgent PCI within 72 hours from the admission. CIN was defined as a 25% increase of creatinine levels from baseline at 48 hours from the PCI. The inclusion period was from January 1, 2004 to June 30, 2010. A total of 125 patients were analyzed, and CIN occurred in 13 (10.4%) patients. An independent association was found between age (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.004 to 1.11; p = 0.034), multiple vessel angioplasty (OR 2.2; 95% IC 1.07 to 4.8; p = 0.03) and the volume of contrast infused (OR 1.007; 95% CI 1.001 to 1.01; p = 0.014) with the development of CIN.


Subject(s)
Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Angioplasty , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Age Factors , Argentina/epidemiology , Creatinine/blood , Female , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors
12.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 71(5): 441-448, oct. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633894

ABSTRACT

La nefropatía inducida por contraste (NIC) es una de las causas más frecuentes de insuficiencia renal en pacientes internados. En el síndrome coronario agudo (SCA), la presencia de NIC aumenta la morbimortalidad. Las medidas de profilaxis y los factores de riesgo intervinientes de NIC en SCA no han sido determinados con exactitud. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la incidencia de NIC y los factores asociados a su desarrollo en pacientes ingresados en unidad coronaria con requerimiento de cinecoronariografía (CCG). Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos cursando SCA estudiados con CCG dentro de las 72 horas de su admisión. Se definió NIC al aumento del 25% del valor de creatinina a las 48 h sobre el nivel basal de ingreso. El período de inclusión fue entre el 1° de enero de 2004 hasta el 30 de junio de 2010. Se analizaron 125 casos. La incidencia de NIC fue del 10.4% (n = 13). En el análisis multivariado, los factores asociados independientemente a su desarrollo fueron la edad [OR 1.05 (IC 95% 1.004 - 1.11) p = 0.034], la angioplastia a múltiple vaso [OR 2.2 (IC 95% 1.07 - 4.8), p = 0.03] y el volumen de contraste utilizado [OR 1.007 (IC 95% 1.001 - 1.01), p = 0.014].


Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most frequent causes of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients. It is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Risk factors and prevention strategies are not well defined. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and clinical risk factors associated to the development of contrast induced nephropathy in patients hospitalized for ACS. In a retrospective cohort we analyzed consecutive patients hospitalized for ACS undergoing urgent PCI within 72 hours from the admission. CIN was defined as a 25% increase of creatinine levels from baseline at 48 hours from the PCI. The inclusion period was from January 1°, 2004 to June 30, 2010. A total of 125 patients were analyzed, and CIN occurred in 13 (10.4%) patients. An independent association was found between age (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.004 to 1.11; p = 0.034), multiple vessel angioplasty (OR 2.2; 95% IC 1.07 to 4.8; p = 0.03) and the volume of contrast infused (OR 1.007; 95% CI 1.001 to 1.01; p = 0.014) with the development of CIN.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angioplasty , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Age Factors , Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Argentina/epidemiology , Creatinine/blood , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors
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