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1.
Heliyon ; 10(7): e28851, 2024 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38596029

ABSTRACT

Microplastics (MPs) have been identified as a major potential threat to the biota and human health. Despite the exponential increase in MP research worldwide, few studies have focused on the extensive Amazon biome. To assess research priorities, the present study reviewed and summarized the available scientific knowledge on MPs in the Amazon, in addition to analyzing population and waste-management data, to evaluate potential sources of MPs in the hydrographic system. Poor sanitation conditions are a main source of MPs for the vast hydrographic basin, and, consequently, for the adjacent ocean. Secondary MPs predominated, mostly fibers (96% of debris), composed of polyamide (32%). Mean MP concentrations ranged from 0.34 to 38.3 particles.individual-1 in biota, 5 to 476,000 particles.m-3 in water, and 492.5 to 1.30848 × 107 particles.m-3 in sediment, values in close comparison with those found in areas profoundly affected by anthropogenic pollution. MPs were widespread in a range of Amazonian environments and species, and negative effects are probably occurring at various ecological levels. However, limited research, methodological constraints, flaws and the lack of standardization, combined with the continental dimensions of the Amazon, hampers the collection of the fundamental knowledge needed to reliably evaluate the impacts and implement effective mitigation measures. There is an urgent need to expand scientific data available for the region, improving local research infrastructure, and training and deploying local researchers.

2.
Acta amaz ; 27(4)1997.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1454625

ABSTRACT

The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the main geochemi-cal phases of the sediment (exchangeable, bound to organic matter, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, and residual) were studied in the bottom sediments of the Guamá river and the drainage channels (Tamandaré, Quintino, Reduto, and Una) of Belém, Pará. The concentrations of metals in the bottom sediments of the Guamá river showed to be associated mainly to residual phase, whereas in the channels they are linked to Fe-Mn oxides and residual phase. Generally, in the analized sediments, the groups of metals Fe, Zn, Pb are showing association with the Fe-Mn oxides phase, and Cu, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni with residual phase.


As concentrações de Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn e Pb nas diferentes fases do ambiente sedimentar (trocável, orgânica, redutível e residual) são analisadas nos sedimentos de fundo dos canais de drenagem mais importantes de Belém - Quintino, Tamandaré, Reduto e Una - e no rio Guamá. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos metais associa-se preferencialmente à fase residual no rio Guamá e às fases redutível e residual, no caso dos canais. De um modo geral, os metais Fe, Zn e Pb se associam geralmente à fração redutível, enquanto Cu, Cr, Mn, Co e Ni mostram-se relacionados à fração residual.

3.
Pesticidas ; 6: 105-31, jan.-dez. 1996. mapas, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-187323

ABSTRACT

A bacia hidrográfica do rio Atoya situada no Departamento de Chinandega, uma das maiores regioes produtoras de algodao da Nicarágua, é alvo de intensas e constantes aplicaçoes de pesticidas. Com o objetivo de estudar a variaçao das concentraçoes de resíduos de pesticidas organoclorados e organofosforados entre a época de seca (novembro-abril) e de chuva (maio-junho) nessa regiao, analisaram-se amostras de águas e de sedimentos de rios e de poços de pontos estrategicamente selecionados. De modo geral, as maiores concentraçoes dos pesticidas das águas e dos sedimentos foram detectados no período de seca. Os compostos DDT, DDD, DDE e toxafeno sao os resíduos organoclorados encontrados com maior freqüência, tanto nas águas como nos sedimentos, enquanto que endrin, aldrin, dieldrin e lindano dominam nas águas de rios e de poços. Os compostos organofosforados raramente foram detectados, entretanto resíduos de etion, metil-paration e etil-paration foram encontrados em altas concentraçoes em algumas amostras de águas de rios e de poços. Na amostra fracionada verificou-se tendência da maioria dos organoclorados em se acumular nas fraçoes finas, ricas em matéria orgânica, a exceçao do DDE que se acumula nas fraçoes grossas.


Subject(s)
Basins , Insecticides, Organochlorine/analysis , Insecticides, Organophosphate/analysis , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Rivers , Water/chemistry , Nicaragua , Seasons
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