Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy in reducing postoperative pain after dental implant surgery: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: A clinical trial was conducted to measure the effectiveness of a combined wavelength of 660 nm and 808 nm Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in reducing postoperative pain in partially and totally edentulous patients who underwent dental implant surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 20 blinded individuals divided in a randomized split-mouth fashion; the experimental group in one hemiarch and the control group in the other hemiarch. The experimental group received a total of 22.5 Joules (J) of LLLT divided into 5 points per implant immediately after surgery. The control group received a placebo treatment. At 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days, a blinded surveyor administered a pain questionnaire using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) combined with a Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) to assess pain onset after surgery, duration of the first pain episode, and pain evolution. Group data were analyzed with an ANOVA test for repeated measures and a paired t-test at defined time intervals. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant decrease in postoperative pain at 24 h and at 72 h for fully edentulous patients. There was a non-significant difference in the duration of the first pain episode. The mean pain levels decreased over time for both the experimental and control treatments, but only statistically significantly for the experimental group in the 24-72 h and 24 h to 7 days intervals. The same was true for the control group when comparing 24 and 72 h and between 24 h and 1 week. The time range between 72 h and 1 week showed no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, a single dose of 22.5 J LLLT per implant helps to decrease postoperative pain in dental implant surgery at 24 h for partially edentulous patients and at 24 and 72 h for fully edentulous patients.

Evaluation of adhesive properties and enzymatic activity at the hybrid layer of a simplified adhesive loaded with 0.2 % Cu and 5 % ZnO nanoparticles: A Randomized Clinical Trial and ex vivo analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an adhesive loaded with 0.2 % copper (Cu) and 5 % zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (Nps) on its adhesive properties and enzymatic activity at the hybrid layer ex vivo in a randomized clinical model. METHODS: Fifteen patients participated in this study, and a total of 30 third molars were used. Occlusal cavities (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were made in each tooth, and randomly divided into 2 groups: (i) Experimental group: commercial adhesive loaded with 0.2wt % CuNps and 5wt % ZnONps; and (ii) Control Group: non-loaded commercial adhesive. Teeth were restored with resin composite. Thirty days later, extractions were performed. Extracted teeth were longitudinally sectioned. Nps in powder were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS), degree of conversion (DC), and nanoleakeage (NL) tests were executed. In situ zymography (Zym) was performed to evaluate the gelatinolytic activity at the hybrid layer. Student's t-test (α = 0.05) was applied for all tests. RESULTS: µTBS and DC did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) between both groups. However, NL and gelatinolytic activity at the hybrid layer showed significant values (p < 0.05) for experimental group in comparison with control group. CONCLUSION: The addition of 0.2 % CuNps and 5 % ZnONps to a universal adhesive decreases NL and gelatinolytic activity at the hybrid layer, without jeopardizing its adhesive properties. SIGNIFICANCE: This randomized clinical trial with ex vivo analysis demonstrate that a commercial adhesive modified with 0.2wt % Cu and 5wt % ZnO Nps that does not affect its adhesive properties, reducing gelatinolytic activity and nanoleakage at the hybrid layer, which should contribute to an improvement of long term bonding-dentine clinical performance.

Climate change impacts on temperate fruit and nut production: a systematic review.

Temperate fruit and nut crops require distinctive cold and warm seasons to meet their physiological requirements and progress through their phenological stages. Consequently, they have been traditionally cultivated in warm temperate climate regions characterized by dry-summer and wet-winter seasons. However, fruit and nut production in these areas faces new challenging conditions due to increasingly severe and erratic weather patterns caused by climate change. This review represents an effort towards identifying the current state of knowledge, key challenges, and gaps that emerge from studies of climate change effects on fruit and nut crops produced in warm temperate climates. Following the PRISMA methodology for systematic reviews, we analyzed 403 articles published between 2000 and 2023 that met the defined eligibility criteria. A 44-fold increase in the number of publications during the last two decades reflects a growing interest in research related to both a better understanding of the effects of climate anomalies on temperate fruit and nut production and the need to find strategies that allow this industry to adapt to current and future weather conditions while reducing its environmental impacts. In an extended analysis beyond the scope of the systematic review methodology, we classified the literature into six main areas of research, including responses to environmental conditions, water management, sustainable agriculture, breeding and genetics, prediction models, and production systems. Given the rapid expansion of climate change-related literature, our analysis provides valuable information for researchers, as it can help them identify aspects that are well understood, topics that remain unexplored, and urgent questions that need to be addressed in the future.

A novel missense mutation in the AIRE gene underlying autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1.

The immune regulator gene AIRE plays an essential role in the establishment of immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmunity. This transcription factor plays a critical role in promoting self-tolerance in the thymus by regulating the expression of a large number of self-antigens that share the common feature of being tissue-restricted in their expression pattern in the periphery. Dysfunction of AIRE in humans causes a rare disease, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1), characterized by an autoimmune response against peripheral tissues, particularly endocrine tissues. Although a few dominant mutations have been described, the inactivation of AIRE is usually caused by recessive mutations. Recent data suggests that alterations in AIRE function contribute not only to APS1 but also to more common forms of autoimmune disease. Here, we present a previously unreported missense mutation (NM_000383.2:c.260 T > C) in exon 2 of the AIRE gene, predicted to cause the substitution (p.(Leu87Pro)) in the CARD domain of the AIRE protein. When inherited in conjunction with another dysfunctional AIRE allele, this mutation was associated with immune dysregulation in a pediatric patient. The presence of hypergammaglobulinemia, malabsorption syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia, mucocutaneous candidiasis, vitiligo, and hypothyroidism as well as the presence of multiple autoantibodies allowed us to confirm an APS1 diagnosis.

[Electroencephalographic findings in preterm neonates]. / Hallazgos electroencefalográficos en recién nacidos pretérmino.

Background: The electroencephalogram (EEG) in the newborn period is highly superior to the clinical exam in the detection and prognosis of brain dysfunctions, since it allows continuous functional documentation of the brain at the patient's bedside in a non-invasive way. However, there is still some disagreement about these findings. Objective: To describe the electroencephalographic findings in newborns with a history of prematurity. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study. The inclusion criteria were: newborns with a history of prematurity, regardless of gender, who underwent an EEG from June 2017 to June 2021. Patients with incomplete electroencephalographic records or clinical records without complete data were excluded; patients using sedatives (thiopental, fentanyl, midazolam, diazepam) were eliminated from the study. Results: 107 patients (37 women and 70 men) with a history of prematurity were included, with a mean gestational age at birth of 30.9 WOG ± 3.25. Electroencephalographic findings were normal in 40%, abnormal in 32%, and immature in 28%. The most frequent abnormal finding was focal paroxysmal activity in 86%. 93.4% of the participants presented comorbidities, the most frequent being neurological. Conclusion: Preterm neonates are at high risk of neurologic sequelae, and EEG is a sensitive method for assessing neuromotor and cognitive prognosis. In our study population, one-third had abnormal findings. Early postnatal screening is helpful, but additional records are usually needed to detect high-risk newborns. It would be important to continue studying this line of research in pediatrics.

Introducción: el electroencefalograma (EEG) en el periodo neonatal es muy superior al examen clínico en la detección y pronóstico de disfunciones cerebrales, pues permite hacer una documentación funcional cerebral continua y no invasiva junto a la cama del paciente. Sin embargo, todavía hay cierto desacuerdo sobre estos hallazgos. Objetivo: describir los hallazgos electroencefalográficos en recién nacidos (RN) con antecedente de prematurez. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: RN con antecedente de prematurez, sin distinción de género, a quienes se les haya hecho un EEG de junio de 2017 a junio de 2021. Se excluyeron pacientes con registro electroencefalográfico incompleto o expediente clínico sin datos completos; se eliminaron del estudio pacientes que usaran sedantes (tiopental, fentanilo, midazolam, diazepam). Resultados: se incluyeron 107 pacientes (37 mujeres y 70 hombres) con antecedente de prematurez, con una edad gestacional media al nacer de 30.9 SDG ± 3.25. Los hallazgos de EEG fueron normales en 40%, anormales en 32% e inmaduros en 28%. El hallazgo anormal más frecuente fue la actividad paroxística focal en 86%. El 93.4% de los participantes presentaban comorbilidades, sobre todo neurológicas. Conclusión: los RN pretérmino tienen un alto riesgo de secuelas neurológicas y el EEG es un método sensible para evaluar el pronóstico neuromotor y cognitivo. En nuestra población un tercio tuvo hallazgos anormales. El rastreo posnatal temprano es útil, pero se necesitan registros adicionales para detectar RN de alto riesgo. Es importante continuar esta línea de investigación en pediatría.

The intrinsically disordered, epigenetic factor RYBP binds to the citrullinating enzyme PADI4 in cancer cells.

RYBP (Ring1 and YY 1 binding protein) is a multifunctional, intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), best described as a transcriptional regulator. It exhibits a ubiquitin-binding functionality, binds to other transcription factors, and has a key role during embryonic development. RYBP, which folds upon binding to DNA, has a Zn-finger domain at its N-terminal region. By contrast, PADI4 is a well-folded protein and it is one the human isoforms of a family of enzymes implicated in the conversion of arginine to citrulline. As both proteins intervene in signaling pathways related to cancer development and are found in the same localizations within the cell, we hypothesized they may interact. We observed their association in the nucleus and cytosol in several cancer cell lines, by using immunofluorescence (IF) and proximity ligation assays (PLAs). Binding also occurred in vitro, as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and fluorescence, with a low micromolar affinity (~1 µM). AlphaFold2-multimer (AF2) results indicate that PADI4's catalytic domain interacts with the Arg53 of RYBP docking into its active site. As RYBP sensitizes cells to PARP (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) inhibitors, we applied them in combination with an enzymatic inhibitor of PADI4 observing a change in cell proliferation, and the hampering of the interaction of both proteins. This study unveils for the first time the possible citrullination of an IDP, and suggests that this new interaction, whether it involves or not citrullination of RYBP, might have implications in cancer development and progression.

Comparative Analysis of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Pseudomonas Genomes.

Pseudomonas is a bacterial genus with some saprophytic species from land and others associated with opportunistic infections in humans and animals. Factors such as pathogenicity or metabolic aspects have been related to CRISPR-Cas, and in silico studies into it have focused more on the clinical and non-environmental setting. This work aimed to perform an in silico analysis of the CRISPR-Cas systems present in Pseudomonas genomes. It analyzed 275 complete genomic sequences of Pseudomonas taken from the NCBI database. CRISPR loci were obtained from CRISPRdb. The genes associated with CRISPR (cas) and CAS proteins, and the origin and diversity of spacer sequences, were identified and compared by BLAST. The presence of self-targeting sequences, PAMs, and the conservation of DRs were visualized using WebLogo 3.6. The CRISPR-like RNA secondary structure prediction was analyzed using RNAFold and MFold. CRISPR structures were identified in 19.6% of Pseudomonas species. In all, 113 typical CRISPR arrays with 18 putative cas were found, as were 2050 spacers, of which 52% showed homology to bacteriophages, 26% to chromosomes, and 22% to plasmids. No potential self-targeting was detected within the CRISPR array. All the found DRs can form thermodynamically stable secondary RNA structures. The comparison of the CRISPR/Cas system can help understand the environmental adaptability of each evolutionary lineage of clinically and environmentally relevant species, providing data support for bacterial typing, traceability, analysis, and exploration of unconventional CRISPR.

Etch-and-rinse versus self-etch strategy of a universal adhesive in different application methods at the bonding interface of fiber post cementation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of etch-and-rinse (ER) versus self-etch (SE) strategies of a universal adhesive applied with a manual brush (MB) or rotary brush (RB) on the bonding interface of fiber post cementation. METHODS: Forty bovine incisor roots were prepared and divided into four groups according to the methods of application and strategy of universal adhesive use (MB-ER, RB-ER, MB-SE and RB-SE). After 6 months, specimens from different thirds of the post space were evaluated of push-out strength, analysis of adhesive failure patterns, and extent of tags. RESULTS: The RB-ER and RB-SE groups showed the highest bond strength values in the cervical and middle thirds of the post space. Cohesive adhesive failure had the highest incidence in the different thirds of the post space in the ER strategy, regardless of the adhesive application method. The RB-ER group showed the highest tag extensions. CONCLUSIONS: The protocols of universal adhesive application with RB provided the greater bond strength, but only the ER strategy favored the formation of a greater extension of tags at the adhesive interface. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The application of universal adhesive with RB into the post space increases the strength of the post-cemented fiber bond.

Effect of aging and cementation systems on the bond strength to root dentin after fiber post cementation.

This study evaluated the effect of aging and cementation of fiber posts using glass ionomer and resin cements on push-out bond strength, failure mode, and resin tag formation. One hundred and twenty bovine incisors were used. After post-space preparation, the specimens were randomly allocated into 12 groups (n = 10) according to the cementation system used: GC - GC Gold Label Luting & Lining); RL - RelyX Luting 2; MC - MaxCem Elite; RU - RelyX U200 and the aging periods (24 hours, 6 months, and 12 months). Slices from the cervical, middle, and apical thirds were obtained and analyzed by push-out bond strength test and confocal laser scanning microscopy. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test was used at a significance level of 5%. For the push-out bond strength test, no differences among GC, RU, and MC in the cervical and middle thirds were observed, regardless of the period of storage (P > 0.05). In the apical third, GC and RU showed similar bond strength but higher than other groups (P > 0.05). After 12 months, GC showed the highest bond strength (P < 0.05). Bond strength to post-space dentin decreased over time, regardless of the cementation system used. Cohesive failure was the most frequent, regardless of the period of storage, cementation system, and post-space third. Tag formation was similar among all groups. After 12 months, GC showed the highest bond strength values.

Effect of aging and cementation systems on the bond strength to root dentin after fiber post cementation

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of aging and cementation of fiber posts using glass ionomer and resin cements on push-out bond strength, failure mode, and resin tag formation. One hundred and twenty bovine incisors were used. After post-space preparation, the specimens were randomly allocated into 12 groups (n = 10) according to the cementation system used: GC - GC Gold Label Luting & Lining); RL - RelyX Luting 2; MC - MaxCem Elite; RU - RelyX U200 and the aging periods (24 hours, 6 months, and 12 months). Slices from the cervical, middle, and apical thirds were obtained and analyzed by push-out bond strength test and confocal laser scanning microscopy. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test was used at a significance level of 5%. For the push-out bond strength test, no differences among GC, RU, and MC in the cervical and middle thirds were observed, regardless of the period of storage (P > 0.05). In the apical third, GC and RU showed similar bond strength but higher than other groups (P > 0.05). After 12 months, GC showed the highest bond strength (P < 0.05). Bond strength to post-space dentin decreased over time, regardless of the cementation system used. Cohesive failure was the most frequent, regardless of the period of storage, cementation system, and post-space third. Tag formation was similar among all groups. After 12 months, GC showed the highest bond strength values.

Resumo Avaliar o efeito do envelhecimento e sistemas de cimentação usando ionômero de vidro e cimentos resinosos na resistência de união à dentina após a cimentação do pino de fibra. Cento e vinte incisivos bovinos foram utilizados. Após o preparo do pós-espaço, os corpos de prova foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 12 grupos (n = 10) de acordo com o período de envelhecimento (24 horas, 6 meses e 12 meses) e o sistema de cimentação utilizado: GC - cimento de ionômero de vidro (GC Gold Label Cimentação e Revestimento); RL - RelyX Luting 2; MC - MaxCem Elite; RU - RelyX U200. Cortes dos terços cervical, médio e apical foram obtidos e analisados por teste de resistência de união push-out e microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. ANOVA one-way e teste de Tukey foi usado a um nível de significância de 5%. Para o teste de resistência de união, não foram observadas diferenças entre GC, RU e MC nos terços cervical e médio, independentemente do período de armazenamento (P > 0,05). No terço apical, GC e RU apresentaram resistência de união semelhante, porém superior aos demais grupos (P > 0,05). Após 12 meses, o GC apresentou a maior resistência de união (P < 0,05). A resistência de união à dentina no espaço para pino diminuiu ao longo do tempo, independentemente do sistema de cimentação utilizado. A formação de tags foi semelhante entre todos os grupos. Após 12 meses, o GC apresentou os maiores valores de resistência de união.

Influence of implant macro-designs on primary and secondary implant stability / Influencia de los macrodiseños de implantes en la estabilidad primaria y secundaria del implante

Introduction: Tapered implants have shown that thanks to their macro design they are capable of expanding the surgical bed performed by the surgeon, which in clinical practice gives a feeling of greater stability, however it is highly subjective and dependent on the operator. Aim: To analyze the influence of the implant macro design in the primary and secondary stability by means of analysis of resonance frequency and force of insertion. Methods: 38 Screw Type and Tapered Type implants were placed in 18 patients in the Bucomaxillofacial Implantology program of the University of Chile during 2006 and 2007 in type II or III bone jaws according to Leckholm and Zarb. Implant stability, implant stability coefficient (ISQ), was measured through Ostell® mentor at the time of installation (ISQ1) and then at connection (ISQ2) and the Insertion Torque through the Osseoset® machine: 17 Screw Type implants with an approximate average contact area of 237 mm2 (3.75/15 mm; 3.75/13 mm) and 17 Tapered Type implants with an approximate average contact area of 226 mm2 (4.3/13 mm; 4.3/16 mm). Results: The averages of ISQ1 and ISQ2 and Insertion Torque respectively for implants with an approximate contact area of 237 mm2 were 71.3 ISQ1, 66.6 ISQ2 and 44.52 Ncm; for 226 mm2 implants it was 75 ISQ1, 72.5 ISQ2 and 48.82 Ncm. Conclusion: Implants with an average contact area of approximately 226 mm2 (Tapered Type) present significantly higher primary and secondary stability than those with an average contact area of approximately 237 mm2 (Screw Type). (Average ISQ1: p = 0.0473; Insertion Torque: p = 0.0031 and Average ISQ2: p = 0.0039)(AU)

Introducción: Los implantes Cónicos han demostrado que gracias a su macro diseño son capaces de expandir el lecho quirúrgico realizado por el cirujano, lo que en la práctica clínica da una sensación de mayor estabilidad, sin embargo, ella es altamente subjetiva y dependiente del operador. Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del diseño del implante en la estabilidad primaria y secundaria mediante análisis de frecuencia de resonancia y Torque de Inserción. Métodos: 38 implantes Tipo Tornillo y Tipo Cónico fueron colocados en 18 pacientes en el programa de Implantología Bucomáxilofacial de la Universidad de Chile durante el año 2006 y 2007 en maxilares de hueso tipo II o III según Leckholm y Zarb. Se midió la estabilidad implantaria, coeficiente de estabilidad del implante (ISQ), a través de Ostell® mentor al momento de la instalación (ISQ1) y luego en la conexión (ISQ2) y el Torque de Inserción a través de el motor Osseoset®: 17 implantes Tipo Tornillo de área de contacto promedio aproximada de 237 mm2 (3.75/15 mm; 3.75/13 mm) y 17 implantes Tipo Cónico de área de contacto promedio aproximada de 226 mm2 (4.3/13 mm; 4.3/16 mm). Resultados: Los promedios de ISQ1 e ISQ2 y Torque de Inserción respectivamente para implantes de área contacto aproximada de 237 mm2 fue de 71,3 ISQ1, 66,6 ISQ2 y 44,52 Ncm; para implantes de 226 mm2 fue de 75 ISQ1, 72,5 ISQ2 y 48,82 Ncm. Conclusión: Los implantes de área contacto promedio aproximada de 226 mm2 (Tipo Cónicos) presentan estabilidad primaria y secundaria significativamente mayor a los de área contacto promedio aproximada de 237 mm2 (Tipo Tornillo). (Promedio ISQ1: p = 0.0473; Torque de Inserción: p = 0.0031 y Promedio ISQ2: p = 0.0039)(AU)

Interdisciplinary treatment to replace missing upper lateral incisors, 4.5 years follow up / Tratamiento interdisciplinario para reposición de incisivos laterales superiores faltantes, seguimiento de 4,5 años

Introduction: Multidisciplinary diagnosis and planning are essential to define the treatment option that will provide the best individual results for patients with congenitally missing upper lateral incisors. Objective: To determine the function and aesthetics after the therapeutic use of osseintegrated implants to replace congenitally missing upper lateral incisors in a young female at 4.5 years follow-up. Case report: The patient was a 13 years old female (at beginning of treatment) with congenitally missing upper lateral incisors condition. Five months after the orthodontic active treatment, the space for placing the implants was achieved. After 2 years of Orthodontic treatment and the evaluation of the craniomandibular growth term by hand radiography, two implants were placed with an expanded bone technique in the position of the upper lateral incisors. After 4 months, osseointegration was clinically confirmed and two screw retained temporary crowns were performed using temporary plastic abutments and acrylic teeth and recalled at 4.5 years to control. Conclusions: Our results showed predictable esthetics and functional results in a patient with congenitally missing upper lateral incisors. This was possible due to a multidisciplinary approach between the diagnosis and treatment performed (Orthodontics, Implantology and Prosthodontics(AU)

Introducción: El diagnóstico y la planificación multidisciplinarios son esenciales para definir la opción de tratamiento que proporcionará los mejores resultados individuales para los pacientes con incisivos laterales superiores que faltan congénitamente. Objetivo: Fue determinar la función y la estética después del uso terapéutico de implantes osteointegrados para reemplazar los incisivos laterales superiores ausentes congénitamente en una mujer joven a los 4,5 años de seguimiento. Presentación del caso: La paciente, mujer de 13 años (al inicio del tratamiento) con una condición congénita de incisivos laterales superiores ausentes. Cinco meses después del tratamiento activo de ortodoncia, se logró el espacio para la colocación de los implantes. Después de 2 años de tratamiento de Ortodoncia y la evaluación del término de crecimiento cráneo-mandibular corroborado mediante radiografía de mano, se colocaron dos implantes con técnica de hueso expandido en la posición de los incisivos laterales superiores. Después de 4 meses, se confirmó clínicamente la osteointegración y se realizaron dos coronas provisionales atornilladas utilizando pilares de plástico provisionales y dientes acrílicos y se controlaron a los 4,5 años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados mostraron resultados estéticos y funcionales predecibles en un paciente con incisivos laterales superiores ausentes congénitamente. Esto fue posible gracias a un abordaje multidisciplinar entre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento realizado (Ortodoncia, Implantología y Prostodoncia(AU)

Performance of resin composite restorations placed in high caries risk children: a clinical retrospective study / Rendimiento de las restauraciones de resina compuesta colocadas en niños con alto riesgo de caries: un estudio clínico retrospectivo

Background: Resin composite has been usually used for restoring primary teeth. Nevertheless, there is a lack of supporting clinical data regarding the survival of resin composite restorations and risk factors that may dictate the service time of the treatment in children. Aim: To evaluate the survival and factors associated with composite resin restoration failure in high caries risk children treated under risk-factor management clinical protocol for dental caries prior to restorative therapy. Design: A total of 230 restorations in primary teeth from records of 48 patients were included in the study. Restoration longevity, up to 3-year follow-up, was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty was used to evaluate the factors associated with failures (p<0.05). Results: Mean survival time was 2.7 -year (95 percent CI: 0.75-0.87). Restoration survival reached 82.5 percent up to 3-year evaluation, with an overall annual failure rate of 6.2 percent. The unadjusted model showed restorations performed in children with dmf-t greater than 10 had more restoration failure risk (HR 5.59, 95 percent CI 1.03-30.34; p=0.04) However, this association lost significance in the adjusted analysis (p=0.08). Conclusions: Composite resin restorations in primary teeth presented satisfactory survival after 3-year follow-up (AU)

Antecedentes: El composite de resina se ha utilizado habitualmente para restaurar dientes primarios. Sin embargo, se carece de datos clínicos de apoyo sobre la supervivencia de las restauraciones de resina compuesta y los factores de riesgo que pueden dictar el tiempo de servicio del tratamiento en los niños. Objetivo: Evaluar la supervivencia y los factores asociados al fracaso de las restauraciones de resina compuesta en niños con alto riesgo de caries tratados con un protocolo clínico de gestión de factores de riesgo de caries dental antes del tratamiento restaurador. Diseño: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 230 restauraciones en dientes primarios de registros de 48 pacientes. La longevidad de las restauraciones, hasta los 3 años de seguimiento, se evaluó mediante la prueba de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier. Se utilizó un análisis multivariante de regresión de Cox con fragilidad compartida para evaluar los factores asociados a los fracasos (p<0,05). Resultados: El tiempo medio de supervivencia fue de 2,7 -años (IC95 por ciento: 0,75-0,87). La supervivencia de la restauración alcanzó el 82,5 por ciento hasta la evaluación a los 3 años, con una tasa global anual de fracasos del 6,2 por ciento. El modelo no ajustado mostró que las restauraciones realizadas en niños con dmf-t superior a 10 tenían más riesgo de fracaso de la restauración (HR 5,59; IC 95 por ciento: 1,03-30,34; p=0,04). Sin embargo, esta asociación perdió significación en el análisis ajustado (p=0,08). Conclusiones: Las restauraciones de resina compuesta en dientes primarios presentaron una supervivencia satisfactoria tras un seguimiento de 3 años (AU)

Influence of implant length on implant primary and secondary stability / Influencia del largo del implante sobre la estabilidad primaria y secundaria

ABSTRACT Introduction: Implant stability can be measured at the moment of implant placement or once the osseointegration process is in progress. Many factors should be considered, including bone quality, osteotomy preparation, implant design, implant surface enhancement, and implant length and diameter. Objective: Determine the influence of implant length on primary and secondary stability in type II and type III bones using resonance frequency analysis method. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the department of Oral maxillofacial Implantology at the School of Dentistry of the University of Chile between April 2006 and June 2007. 38 screw type implants were placed in the maxilla and mandible, in type II and type III bones. 21 implants had an average contact area of 237 mm2 including 2 sizes (3.75mm and a length of 13mm and 15mm) and 17 implants had an average contact area of 129 mm2 (diameter of 3.75mm and a length of 7mm). Implant primary stability was measured by the Implant Stability Quotient value. Resonance frequency measurements were recorded using Osstell™ Mentor. Secondary implant stability was recorded between 4 to 6 months after the implant placement. Results: For implants with an average contact area of 237 mm2 the stability 1 average value was 71,37 and the stability 2 average value was 66,6. For implants with an average contact area of 129 mm2 the stability 1 average value was 67,47 and the stability 2 average value was 68,08. Conclusion: Implant length does not influence primary and secondary stability in type II and type III bones.

RESUMEN Introducción: La estabilidad del implante se puede medir al momento de colocarlo o una vez que el proceso de osteointegración está en curso. Se deben considerar muchos factores, incluida la calidad ósea, la superficie y diseño del implante, la longitud y el diámetro. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la longitud del implante en la estabilidad primaria y secundaria en huesos tipo II y tipo III mediante el método de análisis de frecuencia de resonancia. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo en el departamento de Implantología Oral maxilofacial de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile, entre abril 2006 y junio 2007. Se colocaron 38 implantes tipo tornillo en maxilar y mandíbula, en huesos tipo II y tipo III. 21 implantes tenían un área de contacto promedio de 237 mm2, incluidos 2 tamaños (3,75 mm y una longitud de 13 mm y 15 mm) y 17 implantes tenían un área de contacto promedio de 129 mm2 (diámetro de 3,75 mm y una longitud de 7 mm). La estabilidad primaria del implante se midió mediante el valor cociente de estabilidad del implante y la estabilidad secundaria. Resultados: Para implantes con un área de contacto promedio de 237 mm2, la estabilidad 1 fue de 71,37 y la estabilidad 2 fue de 66,6. Para implantes con un área de contacto promedio de 129 mm2, la estabilidad 1 fue de 67,47 y la estabilidad 2 fue de 68,08. Conclusión: La longitud del implante no influye en la estabilidad primaria y secundaria en los huesos tipo II y tipo III.

Uso de precauciones estándar durante la atención de pacientes en un programa de especialización / Application of standard precautions during patient care in a specialization program

Introducción: Con el aumento de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas durante la atención en salud, la aplicación de normas de bioseguridad es fundamental para evitar contaminación cruzada. Los estudiantes de programas de Especialización Profesional durante la atención de pacientes deben cumplir una serie de normas denominadas precauciones estándar. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de uso de las precauciones estándar por estudiantes de un programa de especialización durante la atención de pacientes. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 15 estudiantes del Programa de Especialización Profesional en Endodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile, divididos en dos grupos, diurno (8-17 h) y vespertino (18-22 h), que firmaron un consentimiento informado para participar. Fueron evaluados en 4 dimensiones: "lavado de manos", "barreras de protección" (guantes, mascarilla, gorro, lentes protectores, pechera), "control de riesgos de accidentes cortopunzantes y salpicaduras", y "manejo de materiales y superficies". Se estableció un 60 por ciento para determinar cumplimiento mínimo de la norma comparando ambos grupos. Resultados: En el lavado de manos ambos grupos no alcanzaron el cumplimiento mínimo de la norma, con un promedio de 12 por ciento. Para "barreras de protección" ambos grupos lograron el cumplimiento mínimo, con un promedio de 63 por ciento. En "control de riesgos de accidentes cortopunzantes y salpicaduras" y "manejo de superficies", ninguno de los grupos alcanzó el cumplimiento mínimo en estas dimensiones, con un porcentaje de cumplimiento de 50 % y 43 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudiantes del Programa de Especialización Profesional en Endodoncia no aplican correctamente todas las precauciones estándar durante la atención. Es necesario reforzar en los estudiantes los contenidos relacionados con la bioseguridad y aumentar la supervisión y exigencia en su cumplimiento por parte de los docentes(AU)

Introduction: With the increase in infectious diseases during health care, the application of biosecurity standards is essential to avoid cross-contamination. Students in Professional Specialization programs must adhere to a set of standards called standard precautions during patient care. Objective: Determine the degree of application of standard precautions by students of a specialization program during patient care. Materials and methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted. The sample size was 15 students from the Professional Specialization Program in Endodontics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Chile, divided into two groups, day (8-17 h) and evening (18-22 h), who signed an informed consent to participate. They were evaluated in 4 dimensions: "hand washing", "protective barriers" (gloves, mask, hat, protective lenses, breastplate), "risks control of sharp accidents and splashes", and "handling of materials and surfaces". A 60 percent was established to determine minimum compliance with the standard by comparing both groups. Results: In handwashing, both groups did not reach the minimum compliance with the standard, with an average of 12 percent. For "protective barriers" both groups achieved minimum compliance, with an average of 63 percent. In "risk control of sharp accidents and splashes" and "surface handling", none of the groups reached the minimum compliance in these dimensions, with a compliance percentage of 50 percent and 43 percent respectively. Conclusions: Most students in the Professional Specialization Program in Endodontics do not correctly apply all standard precautions during care. It is necessary to reinforce in the students the contents related to biosecurity and to increase the supervision and demand in its fulfillment by the teachers(AU)

Comparison of a resin-based sealant with a nano-filled flowable resin composite on sealing performance of marginal defects in resin composites restorations: a 36-months clinical evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to evaluate the clinical behavior of resin-based composite (RBC) restorations with sealed marginal defects using nano-filled flowable RBCs (FRS) compared with resin-based sealant (RBS); this work used marginal adaptation, marginal staining, and secondary caries according to the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Fifty-four patients who met the inclusion criteria (older than 18 years old; with high cariogenic risk determined by Cariogram software; and restorations with marginal defects, 3 and 4 according to FDI criteria) were randomly divided into three groups. There were three defective RBC restorations per patient and were repaired (n = 162). The groups were RBS-marginal sealing using a resin-based sealant (Clinpro Sealant, 3 M ESPE, MN, USA) plus adhesive (Single Bond Universal, 3 M ESPE, MN, USA); FRS-sealing using flowable resin (Filtek Flow Z350XT, 3 M ESPE, MN, USA) plus adhesive (Single Bond Universal, 3 M ESPE, MN, USA); and control-no repair treatment. All procedures were performed under complete isolation. Evaluations were evaluated at 1-week post treatment (baseline) as well as at 18 and 36 months after treatment regarding marginal adaptation, marginal staining, and secondary caries according to FDI criteria. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test (α = 0.05) to compare the differences in each treatment group at different evaluation times. RESULTS: Marginal adaptation of micro-repaired RBC restorations were seen in patients with a high risk of caries using flowable resin composite or resin-based sealants. There were differences (P < 0.001) when baseline was compared at 18 and 36 months. Marginal staining showed differences when baseline was compared to 18 months (P < 0.001) and 36 months (P = 0.001) for both treatments. Secondary caries parameters for RBS treatment showed differences when baseline was compared to 36 months (P = 0.025) and when 18 months was compared to 36 months (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Micro-repair of RBC restorations resulted in clinical deterioration of marginal adaptation and marginal staining. Nano-filled flowable resin composites were sealed on defective restorations; 3 and 4 FDI marginal defects have better clinical performance to prevent secondary caries than resin-based sealants after 36 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Micro-repair with RBS does not seem to be an effective treatment to prevent secondary caries.

Design and Characterization of Asymmetric Cell Structure of Auxetic Material for Predictable Directional Mechanical Response.

A three-dimensional auxetic structure based on a known planar configuration including a design parameter producing asymmetry is proposed in this study. The auxetic cell is designed by topology analysis using classical Timoshenko beam theory in order to obtain the required orthotropic elastic properties. Samples of the structure are fabricated using the ABSplus fused filament technique and subsequently tested under quasi-static compression to statistically determine the Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus. The experimental results show good agreement with the topological analysis and reveal that the proposed structure can adequately provide different elastic properties in its three orthogonal directions. In addition, three point bending tests were carried out to determine the mechanical behavior of this cellular structure. The results show that this auxetic cell influences the macrostructure to exhibit different stiffness behavior in three working directions.

A multi-country survey on the impact of COVID-19 on dental practice and dentists' feelings in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the routine of healthcare workers. This study investigated the impact of the pandemic on dental practice and dentists' feelings in Latin America. METHODS: A survey was conducted with dentists from 11 Spanish-speaking Latin American countries in September-December 2020. Professionals were invited by email and via an open campaign promoted on social media. The questions investigated dental care routines, practice changes, and feelings about the pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used to identify frequencies and distributions of variables. Proportions were compared using chi-square tests. RESULTS: A total of 2127 responses were collected from a sample with diverse demographic, sex, work, and education characteristics. The impact of COVID-19 was considered high/very high by 60% of respondents. The volume of patients assisted weekly was lower compared with the pre-pandemic period (mean reduction = 14 ± 15 patients). A high rate of fear to contracting the COVID-19 at work was observed (85%); 4.9% of participants had a positive COVID-19 test. The main professional challenges faced by respondents were reduction in the number of patients or financial gain (35%), fear of contracting COVID-19 (34%), and burden with or difficulty in purchasing new personal protective equipment (22%). The fear to contracting COVID-19 was influenced by the number of weekly appointments. A positive test by the dentists was associated with their reports of having assisted COVID-19 patients. The most cited feelings about the pandemic were uncertainty, fear, worry, anxiety, and stress. Negative feelings were more prevalent for professionals who did not receive training for COVID-19 preventive measures and those reporting higher levels of fear to contract the disease. CONCLUSION: This multi-country survey indicated a high impact of the pandemic on dental care routines in Latin America. A massive prevalence of bad feelings was associated with the pandemic.

Hypomagnesemia in beef cattle from the central region of Argentina: retrospective study / Hipomagnesemia em bovinos de corte da região central da Argentina: estudo retrospectivo

Hypomagnesaemia (grass tetany) is a metabolic disorder of ruminants due to a reduced dietary intake of magnesium (primary deficiency), incorrect digestibility or associated metabolic factors reducing Mg intake (secondary deficiency). Grass tetany is a production disease responsible for important economic losses in beef herds from Argentina. Several factors influence the development of grass tetany in cattle, including physiological status, weather, soil and forage. This research described a retrospective analysis over the past 20 years, revising the cases of beef cattle clinical hypomagnesaemia registered at the Veterinary Diagnostic Service in INTA Balcarce, Argentina.

Hipomagnesemia é um distúrbio metabólico de ruminantes devido a uma redução na absorção de magnésio (deficiência primária), digestibilidade incorreta ou fatores metabólicos associados que reduzem a ingestão de Mg (deficiência secundária). Hipomagnesemia é uma doença de produção responsável por importantes perdas econômicas em rebanhos de corte da Argentina. Vários fatores influenciam o desenvolvimento da hipomagnesemia em bovinos, incluindo fatores fisiológicos, clima, solo e forragem. Este trabalho descreve uma análise retrospectiva dos últimos 20 anos, revisando os casos de hipomagnesemia clínica em bovinos de corte registrados no Serviço de Diagnóstico Veterinário do INTA Balcarce, Argentina.

Aplicación de redes neuronales convolucionales para la detección del tizón tardío Phytophthora infestans en papa Solanum tuberosum / Application of convolutional neural networks for detection of the late blight Phytophthora infestans in potato Solanum tuberosum

RESUMEN La presencia del tizón tardío o gota en el cultivo de papa afecta directamente el crecimiento de la planta y el desarrollo del tubérculo, por ello, es importante la detección temprana de la enfermedad. Actualmente, la aplicación de redes neuronales convolucionales es una oportunidad orientada a la identificación de patrones en la agricultura de precisión, incluyendo el estudio del tizón tardío, en el cultivo de papa. Este estudio describe un modelo de aprendizaje profundo capaz de reconocer el tizón tardío en el cultivo de papa, por medio de la clasificación de imágenes de las hojas. Se utilizó, en la aplicación de este modelo, el conjunto de datos aumentado de PlantVillage, para entrenamiento. El modelo propuesto ha sido evaluado a partir de métricas de rendimiento, como precisión, sensibilidad, puntaje F1 y exactitud. Para verificar la efectividad del modelo en la identificación y la clasificación del tizón tardío y comparado en rendimiento con arquitecturas. como AlexNet, ZFNet, VGG16 y VGG19. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos con el conjunto de datos seleccionado mostraron que el modelo propuesto alcanza una exactitud del 90 % y un puntaje F1, del 91 %. Por lo anterior, se concluye que el modelo propuesto es una herramienta útil para los agricultores en la identificación del tizón tardío y escalable a plataformas móviles, por la cantidad de parámetros que lo comprenden.

ABSTRACT The presence of late blight in potato crops directly affects plant growth and tuber development; therefore, early detection of the disease is important. Currently, the application of convolutional neural networks is an opportunity oriented to the identification of patterns in precision agriculture, including the study of late blight in potato crops. This study describes a deep learning model capable of recognizing late blight in potato crops by means of leaf image classification. The PlantVillage augmented dataset was used in the application of this model for training. The proposed model has been evaluated from performance metrics such as precision, sensitivity, F1 score, and accuracy; to verify the effectiveness of the model in the identification and classification of late blight and compared in performance with architectures such as AlexNet, ZFNet, VGG16, and VGG19. The experimental results obtained with the selected data set showed that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 90 % and an F1 score of 91 %. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed model is a useful tool for farmers in the identification of late blight and scalable to mobile platforms due to the number of parameters that comprise it.