ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ultrasound imaging is a useful tool to study the injection of fillers and biostimulators in the body. OBJECTIVE: Sonographically evaluate real-time injections of fillers and biostimulators and describe their behavior in the subcutaneous tissue of the buttocks of fresh-frozen specimen. METHODS: injection of two brands of high-density hyaluronic acid (HA), one brand of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), one brand of hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA), one brand of polycaprolactone (PCL) and three brands of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) were performed in the subcutaneous tissue of the gluteal region under ultrasonography visualization on a fresh-frozen specimen. Videos during injection and static images immediately after injection were obtained. The sonographic aspects of the substances and their dispersion and interaction with the surrounding tissues were described. RESULTS: Real-time ultrasound showed different dispersion patterns of the two brands of HA, CaHA, hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA) and the three brands of PLLA. The sonographic aspects among the brands of PLLA were also different. CONCLUSIONS: The dynamic ultrasound evaluation of the injection of HA, CaHA, hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA), PCL and PLLA in a fresh-frozen specimen shed some light on their aspects and dispersion pattern in the buttock. If these patterns are confirmed in further studies in vivo, there will be a positive impact on the selection and development of safer and more effective techniques to enhance buttock contour.
Subject(s)
Cosmetic Techniques , Dermal Fillers , Skin Aging , Humans , Buttocks/diagnostic imaging , Durapatite , Ultrasonography , Hyaluronic AcidABSTRACT
AIM: After bariatric surgery, if there is iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia (IRIDA) and does not respond to supplemental iron therapy, excluding other possible etiologies, genetic changes involved in iron metabolism should be considered. This study aimed to investigate the association of both mutations 1285G-C and 1246C-T, in the SLC11A2 gene, and the etiopathogenesis of anemia refractory to iron supplementation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery using Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: A case-control study was conducted, in which 100 patients were evaluated as Cases Group [subdivided into (i) with Anemia and (ii) without Anemia] and 100 individuals as Controls, comprising both sexes. Inherited and acquired causes of IRIDA were excluded. DNA was extracted from leukocytes of peripheral blood, and the regions that cover both mutations have been amplified by the molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The 1285G-C mutation was not determined in any of the 400 alleles analyzed. Regarding the 1246C-T mutation, the wild CC genotype was found with a higher prevalence in the Control Group (34%) (OR 0.5475; 95%CI 0.2920-1.027; p=0.0827). The mutant TT genotype was found only in the Cases Group I (with Anemia) (13%). CONCLUSION: The results show the association between 1246C-T mutation, in the SLC11A2 gene, and the etiopathogenesis of IRIDA to iron supplementation in the evaluated sample. There are differences, at the molecular level, in patients with and without IRIDA after bariatric surgery using RYGB.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Bariatric Surgery , Gastric Bypass , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/genetics , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Female , Gastric Bypass/adverse effects , Humans , Male , MutationABSTRACT
ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: After bariatric surgery, if there is iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia (IRIDA) and does not respond to supplemental iron therapy, excluding other possible etiologies, genetic changes involved in iron metabolism should be considered. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the association of both mutations 1285G-C and 1246C-T, in the SLC11A2 gene, and the etiopathogenesis of anemia refractory to iron supplementation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery using Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: A case-control study was conducted, in which 100 patients were evaluated as Cases Group [subdivided into (i) with Anemia and (ii) without Anemia] and 100 individuals as Controls, comprising both sexes. Inherited and acquired causes of IRIDA were excluded. DNA was extracted from leukocytes of peripheral blood, and the regions that cover both mutations have been amplified by the molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: The 1285G-C mutation was not determined in any of the 400 alleles analyzed. Regarding the 1246C-T mutation, the wild CC genotype was found with a higher prevalence in the Control Group (34%) (OR 0.5475; 95%CI 0.2920-1.027; p=0.0827). The mutant TT genotype was found only in the Cases Group I (with Anemia) (13%). CONCLUSION: The results show the association between 1246C-T mutation, in the SLC11A2 gene, and the etiopathogenesis of IRIDA to iron supplementation in the evaluated sample. There are differences, at the molecular level, in patients with and without IRIDA after bariatric surgery using RYGB.
RESUMO - RACIONAL: Após cirurgia bariátrica, se houver anemia por deficiência de ferro e não responder à terapia de ferro suplementar, excluindo-se outras possíveis etiologias, alterações genéticas envolvidas no metabolismo férrico devem ser consideradas. OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação das mutações 1285G-C e 1246C-T, no gene SLC11A2, e a etiopatogênese da anemia refratária à suplementação de ferro em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica pela técnica de derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux. MÉTODOS: Estudo de caso-controle, no qual forma avaliados 100 pacientes em Grupos de Casos (subdividido em Grupo I - com Anemia e Grupo II - sem Anemia) e 100 indivíduos como Controles, de ambos os sexos. Causas hereditárias e adquiridas de anemia ferropriva refratária ao ferro, foram excluídas. O DNA foi extraído de leucócitos de sangue periférico e as regiões que abrangem ambas as mutações foram amplificadas pelas técnicas moleculares de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/Polimorfismo do Comprimento do Fragmento de Restrição. RESULTADOS: A mutação 1285G-C não foi determinada em quaisquer dos 400 alelos analisados. Em relação à mutação 1246C-T, o genótipo homozigoto selvagem CC foi encontrado com maior prevalência nos Controles (34%) (OR: 0,5475; 95%IC: 0,2920-1,027; p=0,0827). O genótipo homozigoto mutante TT foi encontrado apenas no Grupo I - com Anemia (13%). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram a associação da mutação 1246C-T, no gene SLC11A2, e a etiopatogênese da anemia ferropriva refratária e persistente à suplementação de ferro, nesta amostra de pacientes. Há diferenças, em nível molecular, em pacientes com e sem anemia ferropriva refratária ao ferro após cirurgia bariátrica por derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: Hérnia inguinal é um defeito anatômico resultante de evaginação de estruturas intra-abdominais para o interior do canal inguinal. Em casos bilaterais, abordagem cirúrgica depende da extensão do defeito herniário e pode se associar a taxa de recidiva maior que a do reparo unilateral. Objetivo: Analisar variáveis epidemiológicas, clínicas e cirúrgicas em pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a herniorrafia inguinal bilateral. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 51 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a herniorrafia inguinal bilateral no Hospital Estadual João Paulo II de São José do Rio Preto (SP), de 2006 a 2016. Resultados: Os participantes do estudo apresentaram média de idade de 51,6 anos, em sua maioria eram do sexo masculino (84%), brancos (86,36%), tabagistas (62,86%) e lavradores (21,43%). Em 100% dos casos, procedeu-se à raquianestesia e uso da técnica livre de tensão (Lichtenstein), com permanência intra-hospitalar por 1 a 4 dias. Durante média de 4 anos de seguimento pós-operatório, não houve complicações em 43 pacientes (84,31%); recidiva unilateral ocorreu em 7,84% dos casos, e seroma em 3,92%. Tempo médio de retorno às atividades pós-cirurgia foi de 58 dias. Houve associação significativa entre hérnia inguinal e sexo masculino, raça branca, profissão como lavrador e tabagismo, mas sem associações com períodos de internação, de retorno às atividades diárias e de seguimento pós-operatório. Conclusão: Hérnia inguinal bilateral tende a acometer homens caucasianos de meia-idade, tabagistas e com atividade laboral intensa. Para sua abordagem, raquianestesia e técnica cirúrgica de Lichtenstein têm sido amplamente aceitas. Ainda que recidiva unilateral possa estar presente, associa-se a fatores intrínsecos ou a intercorrências cirúrgicas. Reparo bilateral de hérnia inguinal não apresenta morbidade maior do que correção unilateral, e retorno a atividades de vida diária tende a ser semelhante.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas due to enzymatic autodigestion which can cause necrosis or multiple organ failure; its pathophysiology is not fully known yet. AIM: To evaluate the correlation between clinical and therapeutic data in patients with mild acute pancreatitis. METHODS: A retrospective study in 55 medical records of patients admitted with acute mild pancreatitis was realized to analyze the association between age, leukocytosis, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, antibiotics, time admission and Ranson's scores. RESULTS: There was a positive association between less intensive care (strict hydration, analgesia and monitoring of vital signs), early antibiotic therapy (monotherapy), early return to diet after 48 hours and laboratory control of the serum amylase and lipase (high in the first week and decreasing after 10 days, without any prognostic value). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the management of patients with mild acute pancreatitis, such as enteral nutrition, rational use of lower spectrum antibiotics and intensive care, have contributed significantly to the reduction of hospitalization time and mortality.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Pancreatitis/diagnosis , Pancreatitis/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Humans , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas due to enzymatic autodigestion which can cause necrosis or multiple organ failure; its pathophysiology is not fully known yet. AIM: To evaluate the correlation between clinical and therapeutic data in patients with mild acute pancreatitis. METHODS: A retrospective study in 55 medical records of patients admitted with acute mild pancreatitis was realized to analyze the association between age, leukocytosis, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, antibiotics, time admission and Ranson´s scores. RESULTS: There was a positive association between less intensive care (strict hydration, analgesia and monitoring of vital signs), early antibiotic therapy (monotherapy), early return to diet after 48 hours and laboratory control of the serum amylase and lipase (high in the first week and decreasing after 10 days, without any prognostic value). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the management of patients with mild acute pancreatitis, such as enteral nutrition, rational use of lower spectrum antibiotics and intensive care, have contributed significantly to the reduction of hospitalization time and mortality. .
RACIONAL: Pancreatite aguda consiste de doença inflamatória do pâncreas por autodigestão enzimática que pode ocasionar necrose ou mesmo falência múltipla de órgãos e de fisiopatologia ainda não totalmente conhecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as correlações existentes entre dados clínicos e terapêuticos em pacientes com pancreatite aguda leve. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo em 55 prontuários de pacientes internados por pancreatite aguda leve para análise de associação entre idade, leucocitose, dosagem sérica de transaminase glutâmico-oxalacética e de desidrogenase lática, glicemia, antibioticoterapia, tempo de internação e escores de Ranson. RESULTADOS: Houve associação positiva entre cuidados intensivos menores (hidratação rigorosa, analgesia e monitorização de sinais vitais), antibioticoterapia precoce (monoterapia), retorno precoce da dieta após 48 horas e controle laboratorial dos níveis séricos de amilase e lipase (elevados na primeira semana e decrescentes após 10 dias, porém sem valor prognóstico). CONCLUSÕES: Mudanças no manejo de pacientes com pancreatite aguda leve, tais como nutrição enteral, uso racional de antibióticos de menor espectro e cuidados intensivos têm contribuído significativamente para a redução do tempo de internação e mortalidade. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , /antagonists & inhibitors , /metabolism , /metabolism , N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology , Peptides/pharmacology , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism , Retinal Neurons/physiology , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Necrosis , Phenanthrenes/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Retinal Neurons/cytology , Retinal Neurons/drug effects , Signal Transduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
Injury or bulging subepithelial mucosal lesions are covered with normal mucosa, usually asymptomatic. Most are diagnosed in radiology or endoscopy, which may correspond to any layer of the body wall (intramural) or non-belonging to the wall (extramural). This article describes studies for analysis of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) as a diagnostic method with high accuracy on the finding of subepithelial lesion. The authors review the literature on the endoscopic ultrasound features of subepithelial lesions and differentiation in intra-or extramural, source layer, echogenicity, vascularity, size and margins, fine needle aspiration (FNA) and needle biopsies of type "trucut" for histological analysis. The EUS has the best combination of accuracy in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal wall layer compromised by lesions or masses, besides studying the echogenicity of the lesion, which helps in differential diagnosis. EUS is safe and detailed, considered the best imaging for definitive diagnosis and therapeutic planning of subepithelial lesions.
Subject(s)
Digestive System Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Endosonography , Epithelium/diagnostic imaging , HumansABSTRACT
Lesões subepiteliais ou abaulamentos da mucosa são recobertas por mucosa normal e geralmente assintomáticas. Sua maioria é diagnosticada em exames radiológicos ou de endoscopia digestiva e podem corresponder a qualquer camada da parede do órgão (intramural) ou serem extramurais. Este artigo descreve estudos para análise da ultrassonografia após ecoendoscopia (USE) como método diagnóstico de elevada acurácia diante do achado de lesão subepitelial. Trata-se de trabalho de revisão de literatura sobre as características ecoendoscópicas das lesões subepiteliais e diferenciação em intra ou extramurais, camada de origem, ecogenicidade, vascularização, margens e dimensões, punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) ou biópsias com agulha do tipo trucut. Ambas as formas são aceitáveis) para análise histológica. A ultrassonografia endoscópica tem melhores índices de acurácia no diagnóstico da camada da parede gastrointestinal comprometida por lesões ou massas, além de estudar a ecogenicidade da lesão. A ultrassonografia endoscópica é um método seguro e detalhado, considerado o melhor exame de imagem para diagnóstico definitivo e programação terapêutica das lesões subepiteliais.
Injury or bulging subepithelial mucosal lesions are covered with normal mucosa, usually asymptomatic. Most are diagnosed in radiology or endoscopy, which may correspond to any layer of the body wall (intramural) or non-belonging to the wall (extramural). This article describes studies for analysis of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) as a diagnostic method with high accuracy on the finding of subepithelial lesion. The authors review the literature on the endoscopic ultrasound features of subepithelial lesions and differentiation in intra-or extramural, source layer, echogenicity, vascularity, size and margins, fine needle aspiration (FNA) and needle biopsies of type "trucut" for histological analysis. The EUS has the best combination of accuracy in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal wall layer compromised by lesions or masses, besides studying the echogenicity of the lesion, which helps in differential diagnosis. EUS is safe and detailed, considered the best imaging for definitive diagnosis and therapeutic planning of subepithelial lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Digestive System Diseases , Endosonography , EpitheliumABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Observar o comportamento do fator de necrose tumoral-a (TNFalfa) e da proteína C reativa (PCR) em cirurgias simultâneas de fígado e intestino. MÉTODO: Para este objetivo foi desenvolvido um modelo experimental, no qual foram operados quarenta ratos da raça Wistar, divididos em quatros grupos: grupo controle, grupo 1 com ratos submetidos à hepatectomia a 70 por cento, grupo 2 com ratos submetidos à colectomia e grupo 3 com cirurgia simultânea de hepactetomia e colectomia. Em todos os grupos foram dosados TNFalfa e PCR uma hora após o procedimento. Os animais foram mortos em seguida. RESULTADOS: Os valores encontrados mostraram alteração nas dosagens desses elementos nos diversos grupos, sendo que no grupo 3 houve aumento significativo do TNFalfa e queda de PCR. CONCLUSÃO: Quanto mais complexo se tornou o ato cirúrgico os níveis sangüíneos de TFNalfa aumentaram e os níveis sangüíneos da PCR diminuíram significativamente.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this experimental study was to observe the behavior of Tumor Necrosis Factor and C-Reative Protein in simultaneous colectomy plus hepatectomy. METHODS: In this experimental model, 40 Wistar rats underwent surgery. They were divided into four groups: the control group; group 1, rats submitted to hepatectomy to 70 percent; group 2, rats submitted to colectomy; and group 3, rats submitted simultaneously to both procedures: hepatectomy plus colectomy. In all groups, TNF and PCR were collected one hour after the surgical procedure. The animals were killed afterwards. RESULTS: The dosage of these elements showed values with some alterations in all groups. Group three showed a significant increase of TNFalpha and decrease of PCR. CONCLUSION: The more complex became the surgical act the blood levels of TFNalpha have increased and the levels of the PCR decreased significantly.
ABSTRACT
A doença por refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) é uma entidade relativamente recente que vem se tornando freqüente na prática clínica, haja vista que responde por 75% das doenças de esôfago. A introdução rotineira de métodos investigatórios mais apurados, como a pHmetria de 24 horas e a esofagomanometria, aliadas à endoscopia com biópsia, trouxeram ao cirurgião dados que lhe permitiram utilizar com segurança a videolaparoscopia na cura cirúrgica desta afecção. A confecção de válvulas anti-refluxo, parciais ou totais, proporcionam resultados bastante animadores. Na série apresentada, foram estudados 30 pacientes operadospor videolaparoscopia, num período de 36 meses, com excelentes resultados, sendo que apenas um paciente, após seis meses de cirurgia, apresentou, à endoscopia de controle, hérnia de hiato, com esofagite leve, mas absolutamente assintomática. Concluindo, os resultados mostraram que a fundoplicatura por vialaparoscópica é um método seguro para a cura da doença por refluxo gastroesofágico, estando indicada emsuas complicações e em pacientes refratários ao tratamento clínico, pelo baixo índice de morbimortalidadeapresentado.
The aim of this study is to show the effectiveness of videolaparoscopic fundoplication as the definitive treatment of GERD. From April 1996 to April 1999, 30 patients underwent fundoplication and hiatoplasty for the treatment of reflux esophagitis through videolaparoscopy. Sixteen (53%) were males and 14 (46%) females. The mean age was 44.1, ranging from 3 to 70 years old. Indications for surgery wererefractory GERD after prolonged clinical treatment and paraesophageal hernia with hemorrhage (0.3%). Five trocars were employed for each surgical procedure. Hiatoplasty was performed with 00 cotton sutures, wrapping with a X both arms of the diaphragmatic pillars. For fundoplication, after the tranpositionof the gastric fundus behind the abdominal portion of the esophagus, an inicial suture was set on the two gastric extremities of the anterior wall, without passing through the esophagus. Then, another 2 or 3 sutures, now including the esophagus, completing the valve. There was no mortality, convertion orcomplications inherent to the method. We conclude that videolaparoscopic fundoplication is a safe procedurefor the definitive treatment of GERD, and provides the advantages of a simple surgical technique, with a low incidence of complications.