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1.
In. Anon. Pediatría. Diagnóstico y tratamiento. Tercera edición. La Habana, ECIMED, 3.ed; 2016. , tab.
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-61697
2.
Educ. med. super ; 29(4): 706-717, oct.-dic. 2015. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776379

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el control deficiente de los síntomas del asma constituye un serio problema que puede tener consecuencias clínicas y económicas adversas. La identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje sobre esta temática constituye el punto de partida para la búsqueda de una solución pedagógica que capacite y contribuya a la transformación de las deficiencias actuales. Objetivo: identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje de los médicos que laboran en la atención primaria de salud, en tres policlínicos del municipio Playa, sobre el asma bronquial. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de carácter exploratorio, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Mediante un cuestionario escrito aplicado, de forma anónima, a 20 especialistas de Medicina General Integral, seleccionados al azar y que laboran en tres policlínicos del extremo este, del municipio Playa, se identificaron sus necesidades de aprendizaje sobre asma bronquial. Resultados: se puntualizaron las deficiencias e insuficiencias de los conocimientos y habilidades profesionales sobre el asma bronquial, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la atención integral de esta compleja y multifactorial enfermedad psicosomática. Conclusiones: las necesidades de aprendizaje identificadas, predominantemente en el orden epidemiológico y de tratamiento, relejan el desconocimiento y carencia de habilidades de los especialistas de MGI, del extremo este del municipio Playa, en la atención adecuada de los pacientes asmáticos.


Introduction: the poor control of asthma symptoms is a serious problem that might bring about adverse economic and clinical consequences. The detection of learning requirements in this field is a starting point for the search of a pedagogic solution that provides training and contributes to overcoming such deficiencies. Objective: to identify the learning requirements of physicians, who work at the primary care level in three polyclinics of Playa municipality, on the bronchial asthma management. Methods: exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study based on an anonymous written questionnaire posed to 20 integral general medicine specialists, who were randomly selected for the study and work in three polyclinics of Playa municipality. Results: the deficiencies and lack of knowledge and professional abilities to deal with the bronchial asthma were identified, mainly those related to the comprehensive care of this complex and multifactoral psychosomatic disease. Conclusions: the identified learning requirements mainly in epidemiology and treatment reveal the lack of knowledge and abilities of the integral general medicine specialists in this municipality in the adequate management of the asthma patients.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Education, Continuing , Family Practice/education , Professional Competence , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Educ. med. super ; 29(4)oct.-dic. 2015. graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-62884

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el control deficiente de los síntomas del asma constituye un serio problema que puede tener consecuencias clínicas y económicas adversas. La identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje sobre esta temática constituye el punto de partida para la búsqueda de una solución pedagógica que capacite y contribuya a la transformación de las deficiencias actuales. Objetivo: identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje de los médicos que laboran en la atención primaria de salud, en tres policlínicos del municipio Playa, sobre el asma bronquial. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de carácter exploratorio, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Mediante un cuestionario escrito aplicado, de forma anónima, a 20 especialistas de Medicina General Integral, seleccionados al azar y que laboran en tres policlínicos del extremo este, del municipio Playa, se identificaron sus necesidades de aprendizaje sobre asma bronquial. Resultados: se puntualizaron las deficiencias e insuficiencias de los conocimientos y habilidades profesionales sobre el asma bronquial, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la atención integral de esta compleja y multifactorial enfermedad psicosomática. Conclusiones: las necesidades de aprendizaje identificadas, predominantemente en el orden epidemiológico y de tratamiento, relejan el desconocimiento y carencia de habilidades de los especialistas de MGI, del extremo este del municipio Playa, en la atención adecuada de los pacientes asmáticos(AU)


Introduction: the poor control of asthma symptoms is a serious problem that might bring about adverse economic and clinical consequences. The detection of learning requirements in this field is a starting point for the search of a pedagogic solution that provides training and contributes to overcoming such deficiencies. Objective: to identify the learning requirements of physicians, who work at the primary care level in three polyclinics of Playa municipality, on the bronchial asthma management. Methods: exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study based on an anonymous written questionnaire posed to 20 integral general medicine specialists, who were randomly selected for the study and work in three polyclinics of Playa municipality. Results: the deficiencies and lack of knowledge and professional abilities to deal with the bronchial asthma were identified, mainly those related to the comprehensive care of this complex and multifactoral psychosomatic disease. Conclusions: the identified learning requirements mainly in epidemiology and treatment reveal the lack of knowledge and abilities of the integral general medicine specialists in this municipality in the adequate management of the asthma patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Asthma , Family Practice/education , Professional Competence , Education, Continuing , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 52(3): 330-345, set.-dic. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-752967

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la rinitis alérgica es una afección común que afecta el 10 por ciento-30 por ciento de la población mundial. Se desconoce la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo a escala nacional. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo de rinitis alérgica en adolescentes de 13 y 14 años. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal. Diseño muestral complejo. Encuestados 5 799 escolares (áreas urbanas y rurales del país). Se aplicó el cuestionario Estudio Internacional de Asma y Alergias en la Infancia. Se añadieron variables para evaluar exposición a posibles factores de riesgo. Se calcularon razones de disparidad (IC 95 por ciento) y se trabajaron modelos de regresión logística. Se realizó revisión bibliográfica actualizada, periodo 2008-2013, para contrastar los datos obtenidos en la encuesta nacional con los referidos en la literatura internacional. Resultados: participación de estudiantes: 86 por ciento. Prevalencia de rinitis en los últimos 12 meses: 38 por ciento; rinoconjuntivitis, 29 por ciento. Se asoció significativamente a sexo femenino: 1,68 (1,66-1,70), historia familiar de asma-alergia: 2,02 (1,99-2,05), convivencia con fumadores: 1,09 (1,07-1,11), hacinamiento en vivienda: 1,14 (1,12-1,16), ventilación inadecuada: 1,15 (1,13-1,16), tenencia de mascotas: perro, 1,25 (1,23-1,27), ubicación de vivienda y escuela en avenidas principales: 1,27 (1,24-1,29) y 1,10 (1,08-1,12) respectivamente y solucionar problemas en el núcleo familiar peleando o conversando: 1,31 (1,28-1,33). Conclusiones: la rinitis alérgica es una condición frecuente y subdiagnosticada en los adolescentes cubanos. La mayoría de los factores de riesgo identificados son modificables. La vigencia de los hallazgos encontrados descansa en que la dinámica de las enfermedades crónicas no se observan variaciones a corto plazo. Se construyó una línea de base a escala nacional, que permitirá la evaluación de la efectividad de acciones preventivas y de control(AU)


Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a common condition affecting 10 percent-30 percent of the world population. The prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis on a national scale are not known. Objective: Estimate the prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis among 13- and 14-year-old adolescents. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Complex sampling design. 5 799 school children from urban and rural areas were surveyed using the questionnaire International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Variables were added to include exposure to potential risk factors. Odds ratios (CI 95 percent) were estimated and logistic regression models were developed. An updated bibliographic review was conducted of the 2008-2013 period to contrast the data obtained by the national survey with those in the international literature. Results: Participation of students: 86 percent. Prevalence of rhinitis in the last 12 months: 38 percent; rhinoconjunctivitis: 29 percent. The condition was significantly associated with the following variables: female sex: 1,68 (1,66-1,70); a family history of asthma-allergy: 2,02 (1,99-2,05); living with smokers: 1,09 (1,07-1,11); overcrowded household: 1,14 (1,12-1,16); inadequate ventilation: 1,15 (1,13-1,16); pet ownership: dog: 1,25 (1,23-1,27); location of the home and school on main avenues: 1,27 (1,24-1,29) and 1,10 (1,08-1,12), respectively; and dealing with family problems by talking or fighting: 1,31 (1,28-1,33). Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis is a frequent though underdiagnosed condition among Cuban adolescents. Most of the risk factors identified are modifiable. Currency of the findings rests on the fact that short-term variations are not typically found in the dynamics of chronic disease. A national baseline was developed which will permit evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention and control actions(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Risk Factors , Health Care Surveys/methods , Adolescent Health/trends , Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology , Review Literature as Topic , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Status Disparities
5.
BMC Dermatol ; 14: 6, 2014 Mar 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24666750

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a concern that allergic disease in childhood is higher than expected in Cuba. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for eczema of infants aged 12-15 months living in Havana. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional epidemiological study design. Data on eczema symptoms and a wide range of lifestyle factors were collected by researcher administered questionnaires. RESULTS: Data were collected on 1956 children (96% response rate), of whom 672 (34%) were reported as having had eczema. Independent risk factors for eczema included young maternal age (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.98 per additional year of age; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-0.99), child's weight (OR 1.13 per additional kg; 95% CI: 1.03-1.25), insect sting allergy (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.33-3.35), rodents in the home (OR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.10-1.76), attendance at childcare facilities (OR 1.34: 95% CI: 1.05-1.70) and self-reported mould in the home (OR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07-1.41). Infant exposure to paracetamol was associated with an increased risk of eczema even after adjustment for wheeze (OR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.46). CONCLUSION: Despite a very different culture and environment, the consistency of these findings with those from more economically developed countries suggests potential causal associations. The association with paracetamol, even after adjustment for wheeze, suggests that intervention studies are required in young infants, to ascertain if this commonly used anti-pyretic medication increases allergic disease.


Subject(s)
Eczema/epidemiology , Analysis of Variance , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cuba/epidemiology , Eczema/etiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Life Style , Male , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 28(1): 42-51, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-629141

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de eczema atópico y describir sus características en niños y adolescentes de La Habana, así como su relación con el asma y la rinitis. Métodos: estudio transversal que aplicó la metodología ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in the Childhood) adaptada al contexto nacional. Incluyó 1 803 niños (6-7 años) y 3 023 adolescentes (13-14 años) de población escolar urbana en los municipios Playa y Marianao, durante los años 2002-2003. La información se obtuvo a partir de entrevistas a los padres de los niños y a los adolescentes. En el análisis se utilizaron estadígrafos de frecuencia absoluta y relativa en porcentajes, odds ratio y sus intervalos de confianza al 95 porciento. Resultados: la prevalencia acumulada de síntomas de eczema, fue referida en aproximadamente 4 de cada 10 niños: 38,3 porciento (IC 33,8-42,7) y en 2 de cada 10 adolescentes: 22,5 porciento (IC 20,1-25,0); la prevalencia actual en los niños y adolescentes fue 22,2 porciento (IC 19,0-25,5) y 14,1 porciento (IC 12,4-16,1) respectivamente. En los primeros 2 años de vida, el 50 porciento de los niños inició los síntomas, que fueron más severos en 2 de cada 10 escolares. Los niños con síntomas de eczema, tuvieron hasta 4 veces más riesgo de padecer rinitis (OR 1,9 IC 95 porciento 1,1-3,5) o asma (OR 2,4 IC 95 porciento 1,6-3,6); en los adolescentes el riesgo de padecer rinitis se elevó hasta 5 (OR 2,6 IC 95 porciento 1,4-4,9). Conclusiones: se evidenció una alta prevalencia de dermatitis atópica y su relevancia como problema de salud. Los resultados constituyeron una línea de base para la comparación con los de otras ciudades del país y con los de otras latitudes; permitieron documentar tendencias a escala poblacional y evaluar el impacto de futuras intervenciones


Objectives: to determine the prevalence of atopic eczema and to describe its features in children and adolescents of La Habana, as well as its relation to asthma and rhinitis. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted applying the ISAAC methodology (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in the Childhood) adapted to national context. Included are 1 803 children (6-7 years) and 3 023 adolescents (13-14 years) from the urban students of Playa and Marianao municipalities during 2002-2003. Information was obtained from interviews with parents of children and adolescents. In analysis authors used the absolute and relative frequency in percentages, odds ratio and its 95 percent confidence intervals. Results: prevalence accumulated of eczema symptoms was referred in approximately 4 of each 10 children: 38.3 percent (CI 33.8-42.7) and in 2 of each 10 adolescents: 22.5 percent(CI 20.1-25.0); the present prevalence in children and adolescents was of 22.2 percent (CI 19.0-25.5) and 14.1 % (CI 12.4-16.1), respectively. During the first two years of life the 50 percent of children start with the symptoms, which were more severe in 2 of each 10 students. The children presenting with symptoms of eczema had four times more risk of rhinitis (OR 1.9 CI 95 percent 1.1-3.5) or asthma (OR 2.4 CI 95 percent 1.6-3.6); in adolescents the risk of rhinitis increased up to 5 (OR 2.6 CI 95 percent 1.4-4.9). Conclusions: it was evidenced a high prevalence of atopic dermatitis and its relevance as a health problem. Results were a basic guide to compare it with other cities of our country and with those of other regions; allowing to document trends at population scale and to assess the impact of future interventions


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Eczema/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies
7.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 28(1): 42-51, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-52228

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de eczema atópico y describir sus características en niños y adolescentes de La Habana, así como su relación con el asma y la rinitis. Métodos: estudio transversal que aplicó la metodología ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in the Childhood) adaptada al contexto nacional. Incluyó 1 803 niños (6-7 años) y 3 023 adolescentes (13-14 años) de población escolar urbana en los municipios Playa y Marianao, durante los años 2002-2003. La información se obtuvo a partir de entrevistas a los padres de los niños y a los adolescentes. En el análisis se utilizaron estadígrafos de frecuencia absoluta y relativa en porcentajes, odds ratio y sus intervalos de confianza al 95 porciento. Resultados: la prevalencia acumulada de síntomas de eczema, fue referida en aproximadamente 4 de cada 10 niños: 38,3 porciento (IC 33,8-42,7) y en 2 de cada 10 adolescentes: 22,5 porciento (IC 20,1-25,0); la prevalencia actual en los niños y adolescentes fue 22,2 porciento (IC 19,0-25,5) y 14,1 porciento (IC 12,4-16,1) respectivamente. En los primeros 2 años de vida, el 50 porciento de los niños inició los síntomas, que fueron más severos en 2 de cada 10 escolares. Los niños con síntomas de eczema, tuvieron hasta 4 veces más riesgo de padecer rinitis (OR 1,9 IC 95 porciento 1,1-3,5) o asma (OR 2,4 IC 95 porciento 1,6-3,6); en los adolescentes el riesgo de padecer rinitis se elevó hasta 5 (OR 2,6 IC 95 porciento 1,4-4,9). Conclusiones: se evidenció una alta prevalencia de dermatitis atópica y su relevancia como problema de salud. Los resultados constituyeron una línea de base para la comparación con los de otras ciudades del país y con los de otras latitudes; permitieron documentar tendencias a escala poblacional y evaluar el impacto de futuras intervenciones(AU)


Objectives: to determine the prevalence of atopic eczema and to describe its features in children and adolescents of La Habana, as well as its relation to asthma and rhinitis. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted applying the ISAAC methodology (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in the Childhood) adapted to national context. Included are 1 803 children (6-7 years) and 3 023 adolescents (13-14 years) from the urban students of Playa and Marianao municipalities during 2002-2003. Information was obtained from interviews with parents of children and adolescents. In analysis authors used the absolute and relative frequency in percentages, odds ratio and its 95 percent confidence intervals. Results: prevalence accumulated of eczema symptoms was referred in approximately 4 of each 10 children: 38.3 percent (CI 33.8-42.7) and in 2 of each 10 adolescents: 22.5 percent(CI 20.1-25.0); the present prevalence in children and adolescents was of 22.2 percent (CI 19.0-25.5) and 14.1 % (CI 12.4-16.1), respectively. During the first two years of life the 50 percent of children start with the symptoms, which were more severe in 2 of each 10 students. The children presenting with symptoms of eczema had four times more risk of rhinitis (OR 1.9 CI 95 percent 1.1-3.5) or asthma (OR 2.4 CI 95 percent 1.6-3.6); in adolescents the risk of rhinitis increased up to 5 (OR 2.6 CI 95 percent 1.4-4.9). Conclusions: it was evidenced a high prevalence of atopic dermatitis and its relevance as a health problem. Results were a basic guide to compare it with other cities of our country and with those of other regions; allowing to document trends at population scale and to assess the impact of future interventions(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Eczema/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 58(3): 155-61, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22027679

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Asthma is a health problem both in Cuba and throughout the world. Emotional factors play an important role in triggering asthma attacks and in worsening the disorder. The impact of an educational program was evaluated, with regards to emotional factors and the attitude of asthmatic children, adolescents and their parents, for achieving better control of their disease. METHOD: a prospective intervention longitudinal study was conducted at the Juan Manuel Marquez Pediatric Hospital which grouped all participants who attended the last two meetings of the School for Asthmatic Children, Adolescents and their Parents. Data was collected from the medical records of patients and a validated questionnaire was applied at the beginning of the educational program and six month later. RESULTS: The study showed that at the end of the educational program, 78.9% of the patients were classified as intermittent asthmatics. There was also a significant reduction of the emotional factors during exacerbations, with a relative change of 53.9%. Limitation for participating in daily activities was 45.4% and parents' negative attitudes totaled 44.3%. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the educational intervention, both patients and parents were able to correct their way of handling emotions and attitudes related with asthma, with the subsequent health improvement and a better control of the disease.


Subject(s)
Longitudinal Studies , Parents , Asthma/psychology , Child , Humans , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 26(4): 647-655, oct.-dic. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584863

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades alérgicas y el asma, sobre todo en la población infantil, son afecciones muy frecuentes en todo el mundo y en Cuba. Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de sensibilización a hongos ambientales y su relación con enfermedades atópicas, se realizó un estudio analítico transversal en 100 escolares de 6 a 7 años de una escuela primaria de San Antonio de los Baños, provincia La Habana, en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2006 y marzo de 2007. El 27 por ciento de la muestra seleccionada padecía de asma, el 40 por ciento de rinitis alérgica y el 26 por ciento de dermatitis atópica. La sensibilización micótica más frecuente resultó Penicillium, para un 50 por ciento de la muestra. No hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre reactividad cutánea a hongos ambientales y la presencia de enfermedades atópicas; tampoco fue significativa su asociación con la enfermedad alérgica respiratoria ni dermatitis atópica. Se concluye que la mayor sensibilización a hongos anemófilos se apreció al Penicillium, aunque sin asociación con la presencia de enfermedades atópicas


The allergic diseases and the asthma, mainly in children, are very frequent affections at world level and in Cuba. The objective of present paper was to determine the sensitization frequency to environmental fungi and its relation to atopic diseases, thus, a cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in 100 school children aged 6 to 7 from a primary school of San Antonio de los Ba±os, La Habana province, from September 2006 to March, 2007. The 27 percent of the selected sample suffered from asthma, the 40 percent of allergic rhinitis, and the 26 percent had Penicillium for the 50 percent of sample. There was not a significant statistic association between the cutaneous reactivity to environmental fungi and the presence of atopic diseases and its association with the respiratory allergic disease as well as the atopic dermatitis was not significant. We conclude that the greater sensitization to anemophilic fungi was to Penicillium, although without an association with the presence of atopic diseases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Anti-Allergic Agents , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Penicillium/pathogenicity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Skin Tests/methods
10.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 26(4)oct.-dic. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-52077

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades alérgicas y el asma, sobre todo en la población infantil, son afecciones muy frecuentes en todo el mundo y en Cuba. Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de sensibilización a hongos ambientales y su relación con enfermedades atópicas, se realizó un estudio analítico transversal en 100 escolares de 6 a 7 años de una escuela primaria de San Antonio de los Baños, provincia La Habana, en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2006 y marzo de 2007. El 27 por ciento de la muestra seleccionada padecía de asma, el 40 por ciento de rinitis alérgica y el 26 por ciento de dermatitis atópica. La sensibilización micótica más frecuente resultó Penicillium, para un 50 por ciento de la muestra. No hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre reactividad cutánea a hongos ambientales y la presencia de enfermedades atópicas; tampoco fue significativa su asociación con la enfermedad alérgica respiratoria ni dermatitis atópica. Se concluye que la mayor sensibilización a hongos anemófilos se apreció al Penicillium, aunque sin asociación con la presencia de enfermedades atópicas(AU)


The allergic diseases and the asthma, mainly in children, are very frequent affections at world level and in Cuba. The objective of present paper was to determine the sensitization frequency to environmental fungi and its relation to atopic diseases, thus, a cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in 100 school children aged 6 to 7 from a primary school of San Antonio de los Ba±os, La Habana province, from September 2006 to March, 2007. The 27 percent of the selected sample suffered from asthma, the 40 percent of allergic rhinitis, and the 26 percent had Penicillium for the 50 percent of sample. There was not a significant statistic association between the cutaneous reactivity to environmental fungi and the presence of atopic diseases and its association with the respiratory allergic disease as well as the atopic dermatitis was not significant. We conclude that the greater sensitization to anemophilic fungi was to Penicillium, although without an association with the presence of atopic diseases(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Penicillium/pathogenicity , Anti-Allergic Agents , Skin Tests/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies
11.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 48(2): 123-132, Mayo-ago. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615259

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Indagar en los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas de los alergólogos de Ciudad de La Habana en relación con la infección por Giardia lamblia. Métodos: Previo consentimiento informado, a los alergólogos que prestaban servicios en la red de hospitales de Ciudad de La Habana en el periodo que se realizó la investigación (44 de 51), se les aplicó un cuestionario sobre conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas en relación con esta parasitosis. La preparación del instrumento pasó por 4 fases: 1) entrevistas a médicos relacionados con el diagnóstico, tratamiento y control de la giardiasis; 2) preparación de un cuestionario preliminar en base a los resultados de esas entrevistas; 3) sometimiento del instrumento a criterio de expertos y 4) validación de este mediante su aplicación a un pequeño grupo de galenos. Resultados: Se evidenció que en relación con la giardiasis, y de manera particular, en cuanto a las manifestaciones cutáneas asociadas con esta, los alergólogos mostraban conocimientos insuficientes (de 19 interrogantes que evaluaban aspectos cognoscitivos, la media de respuestas correctas entre todos los participantes fue de 8,04), percepciones inadecuadas y prácticas incorrectas. Conclusiones: Con el objetivo de atenuar estas dificultades, se hace necesario una intervención de tipo académica, que haga énfasis en los aspectos formativos relacionados con las enfermedades parasitarias en general, y la giardiasis en particular.


Objectives: To investigate on knowledges, perceptions and practices of allergist from Ciudad de la Habana in relation con Giardia lamblia infection. Methods: With subject agreement of the allergists working in the hospital networks from Ciudad de La Habana during the research period (44 from 51) authors applied them a questionnaire on knowledges, perceptions and practices related with this parasitosis. Tool research had four phases: 1) interviews to physicians related to diagnosis, treatment and control of giardiasis; 2) preparation of a preliminary questionnaire on the base of results from these interviews; 3) submission of tool to experts criteria and 4) its validation by means of its application in a small group of physicians. Results: It was evidenced that en relation to giardiasis and particularly, regards the cutaneous manifestations with this condition; allergists demonstrated insufficient knowledges (from 19 questions evaluating the cognitive features, the mean of wrong responses among all participants was of 8,04), inappropriate perceptions and unsuitable practices. Conclusions: To overcome these difficulties, it is necessary an academic intervention emphasizing the formative features related to parasitic disease in general and to giardiasis in particular.

12.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 48(2)mayo-ago. 2010.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-55842

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Indagar en los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas de los alergólogos de Ciudad de La Habana en relación con la infección por Giardia lamblia. Métodos: Previo consentimiento informado, a los alergólogos que prestaban servicios en la red de hospitales de Ciudad de La Habana en el periodo que se realizó la investigación (44 de 51), se les aplicó un cuestionario sobre conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas en relación con esta parasitosis. La preparación del instrumento pasó por 4 fases: 1) entrevistas a médicos relacionados con el diagnóstico, tratamiento y control de la giardiasis; 2) preparación de un cuestionario preliminar en base a los resultados de esas entrevistas; 3) sometimiento del instrumento a criterio de expertos y 4) validación de este mediante su aplicación a un pequeño grupo de galenos. Resultados: Se evidenció que en relación con la giardiasis, y de manera particular, en cuanto a las manifestaciones cutáneas asociadas con esta, los alergólogos mostraban conocimientos insuficientes (de 19 interrogantes que evaluaban aspectos cognoscitivos, la media de respuestas correctas entre todos los participantes fue de 8,04), percepciones inadecuadas y prácticas incorrectas. Conclusiones: Con el objetivo de atenuar estas dificultades, se hace necesario una intervención de tipo académica, que haga énfasis en los aspectos formativos relacionados con las enfermedades parasitarias en general, y la giardiasis en particular(AU)


Objectives: To investigate on knowledges, perceptions and practices of allergist from Ciudad de la Habana in relation con Giardia lamblia infection. Methods: With subject agreement of the allergists working in the hospital networks from Ciudad de La Habana during the research period (44 from 51) authors applied them a questionnaire on knowledges, perceptions and practices related with this parasitosis. Tool research had four phases: 1) interviews to physicians related to diagnosis, treatment and control of giardiasis; 2) preparation of a preliminary questionnaire on the base of results from these interviews; 3) submission of tool to experts criteria and 4) its validation by means of its application in a small group of physicians. Results: It was evidenced that en relation to giardiasis and particularly, regards the cutaneous manifestations with this condition; allergists demonstrated insufficient knowledges (from 19 questions evaluating the cognitive features, the mean of wrong responses among all participants was of 8,04), inappropriate perceptions and unsuitable practices. Conclusions: To overcome these difficulties, it is necessary an academic intervention emphasizing the formative features related to parasitic disease in general and to giardiasis in particular(AU)


Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Giardiasis/immunology , Giardiasis/epidemiology , Cuba
13.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 56(3): 80-5, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19623784

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Allergic diseases represent an international public health problem, in particular asthma in infantile population, the reports of allergic incidence in general population show a not uniform significant statistical increase. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of domestic dust mite sensitization and its relation with atopic diseases in our environment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In an analytical transversal study the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire was applied to 100 students from 6 to 7 years old in a primary school of San Antonio de los Baños Community in La Habana, Cuba between September 2006 and March 2007. RESULTS: The prevalence of allergic disease in this study corresponded to asthma in 27%, allergic rhinitis in 40% and 26% to atopic dermatitis. The 50% of the allergic infantile population presented a mite positive dermatological scarification tests. The major positivity to the dermatological test was to Blomia tropicalis in 52%. There was a significant statistically association between cutaneous mite reactivity and the presence of atopic diseases. Inside this group, patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis had a similar cutaneous response. CONCLUSIONS: Fifty percent of the studied population had a mite sensitization, mainly to Blomia tropicalis, showing a significant statistical association with the presence of atopic diseases, an important health problem in the studied area.


Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Mites/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology , Animals , Asthma/etiology , Child , Cuba/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Atopic/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/etiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
14.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 52(4): 164-70, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16268185

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, psychosocial risk factors may contribute to asthma-related problems among children, adolescents and family members; such disorders are described in this article. METHODS: A descriptive study, which included 50 children and their parents who took part in the educational program of Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Juan Manuel Márquez from 1997 to 1999, was performed. A survey, designed to establish psychological factors in children during both generally and symptom exacerbations, activities carried out with or without symptoms, and parental attitudes during illness episodes, was given to each one of the participants. Values were expressed in percentages. We used the Crosstabs to explore the relationships among variables. RESULTS: Anxiety, among other psychological stressors, prevailed in children (92%). Day-to-day activities were seriously affected in children with and without symptoms of illness: play 58%, exercise 60%. Children who received less parental support had severe persistent asthma, up to 20%. CONCLUSION: Symptoms severity is associated with child well-being and negative attitudes of parents.


Subject(s)
Asthma/psychology , Parents/psychology , Patients/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Anxiety/etiology , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/etiology , Child , Educational Status , Fear , Female , Humans , Leisure Activities , Male , Mexico , Parent-Child Relations , Patient Education as Topic , Psychology , Risk Factors
15.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 52(3): 132-7, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16158787

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Despite of the knowledge about asthma, its diagnosis is clinical and its prevalence depends on the case criterion. Several methodologies have been applied to determine its prevalence; the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) is the newest, although some inconsistencies have been attributed to their results. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of asthma according to five diagnostic criteria and according to respiratory symptoms in order to contribute to improve the diagnosis quality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of the first phase of the ISAAC study made at the Centro Cubano Playa-Marianao in 2003 were collected. Three thousand twenty-six children of 13 to 14 years of age answered a survey, and prevalence of established criteria was estimated; confidence intervals were used to compare them. Estimations were presented with 95% of confidence; the chi square test and the odds ratio were applied for prevalence rates by gender. RESULTS: When comparing all the prevalences among different criteria, those corresponding to criteria I and II were statistically significant. Criterion I was the least discriminatory and criterion V had the highest power to discriminate. Criterion III offered an intermediate value of prevalence, with a proper level to discern. The first three criteria had higher prevalences in women, with statistically significant values among genders (p = 0.002, p = 0.045 and p = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Using a criterion that could include several symptoms, especially in low income-countries, where hospitals do not have current and expensive diagnostic methods, would be useful and would contribute to diminish the diagnostic error.


Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Adolescent , Asthma/complications , Asthma/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cuba/epidemiology , Developing Countries , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Sex Distribution , Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic/epidemiology , Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic/etiology
16.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 51(1): 2-8, 2004.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15119749

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Asthma is considered a health problem in Cuba. Its prevalence has increased and its morbidity and social-economic cost are important, although mortality and hospitalizations indicators have improved. Taking into consideration that the lack of information about this disease is considered a health hazard all over the world, an interactive educational program was prepared so that patients could learn how to handle their disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A two year, quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted with the participation of 50 children (29 boys and 21 girls from 8 to 15 years of age) and their parents. Healthcare, intake of reliever medications, pulmonary function, school attendance and the economic impact on family and on healthcare services were assessed. RESULTS: Educational program application conducted to a statistical significant lower consumption of reliever medication (p < 0.003), and emergency ward visits (p < 0.001). The patients improved their force expiratory volume in one second (p 0.003). Healthcare and family costs dropped to 56% and 18.13%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention measures adopted had a positive effect and contributed to the reduction of morbidity and cost due to asthma.


Subject(s)
Asthma/psychology , Patient Education as Topic , Absenteeism , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma/drug therapy , Asthma/economics , Asthma/physiopathology , Child , Cost of Illness , Cuba , Drug Utilization , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume , Health Expenditures , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Parents/psychology , Patients/psychology , Respiratory Function Tests
17.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 68(3): 183-7, sept.-dic 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-184538

ABSTRACT

Los valores elevados de IgE en suero del cordon umbilical se senalan como predictivos de desarrollo de alergias en etapas tempranas de la vida. La lactancia materna, dietas hipoalergicas y el control de los aeroalergenos son preventivos de la aparicion de estas afecciones. Como parte del Programa de Prevencion de Enfermedades Alergicas de Cuba y con el objetivo de conocer el valor predictivo de la IgE y el efecto de las medidas preventivas sobre los ninos en riesgo se siguieron 752 ninos durante 1 a 6 anos con IgE elevada al nacer y se les indico dichas medidas. La IgE al nacer y hasta los 3 anos fue mayor en los enfermos en forma significativa (p 0,0241). Enfermaron menos aquellos que lactaron y cumplieron las medidas orientadas (p 0,0028 y 0,0140) respectivamente. Se evidencio el valor predictivo de la IgE y los beneficios de las medidas profilacticas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Fetal Blood , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Infant, Newborn , Predictive Value of Tests
18.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 68(3): 183-7, sep.-dic. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-8352

ABSTRACT

Los valores elevados de IgE en suero del cordón umbilical se señalan como predictivos de desarrollo de alergias en etapas tempranas de la vida. La lactancia materna, dietas hipoalérgicas y el control de los aeroalergenos son preventivos de la aparición de estas afecciones. Como parte del Programa de Prevención de Enfermedades Alérgicas de Cuba y con el objetivo de conocer el valor predictivo de la IgE y el efecto de las medidas preventivas sobre los niños en riesgo se siguieron 752 niños durante 1 a 6 años con IgE elevada al nacer y se les indicó dichas medidas. La IgE al nacer y hasta los 3 años fue mayor en los enfermos en forma significativa (p 0,0241). Enfermaron menos aquéllos que lactaron y cumplieron las medidas orientadas (p 0,0028 y 0,0140) respectivamente. Se evidenció el valor predictivo de la IgE y los beneficios de las medidas profilácticas(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Fetal Blood , Predictive Value of Tests , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn
19.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 36(5): 1989-91, sept.-oct. 1989. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-94097

ABSTRACT

Tomando en cuenta la importancia de la IgE en los fenómenos alérgicos y el hecho de que su dosificación no está ampliamente difundida en nuestro país, dosificamos esta inmunoglobulina en 62 pacienes que sufrían uno o más síntomas alérgicos. Usamos PRIST, un radioinmuno ensayo de fase sólida con la técnica de Sandwich. Encontramos que el 75% de los pacientes tenían la IgE elevada. Analizamos los factores que influían en este hallazgo, condiciones geográficas, climáticas, medio ambiente, factoes genéticos y otros


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Hypersensitivity , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , In Vitro Techniques
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