ABSTRACT
There is a wide differential diagnosis for patients presenting with multiple cranial nerve palsies, including infectious, inflammatory, malignant, genetic, toxic, and metabolic conditions. This report describes the clinical features, neuroimaging findings, and response to surgical treatment in a patient with bilateral deafness and recurrent episodes of bilateral facial nerve palsy that were caused by renal osteodystrophy. It is suggested that renal osteodystrophy be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple cranial nerve palsies in the appropriate clinical setting.
Subject(s)
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/complications , Cranial Nerve Diseases/etiology , Adolescent , Cranial Nerve Diseases/pathology , Deafness/etiology , Deafness/pathology , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Facial Paralysis/pathology , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance ImagingABSTRACT
We present a child with human immune deficiency virus-1 infection associated with a multiple sclerosis-like illness. This case is the first reported of human immune deficiency virus-1 infection and a disease indistinguishable from multiple sclerosis in a child. Because of the rarity of either disease in pediatric patients, their coexistence in a child argues in favor of a casual association between the two illnesses, thus reinforcing the long-held assumption that viral agents may trigger some of the immunologic abnormalities underlying multiple sclerosis. Cases in which such an association was present in adults are also described in this article.
