ABSTRACT
As diversas formas de transferências conhecidas são descritas como estratégias (inconscientes) que mascaram conteúdos internos do sujeito. Quando estes aparecem na sessão, por meio da transferência, cabe ao terapeuta encontrar o caminho para entendê-la e manejá-la para o benefício da relação pscioterapeuta-paciente. O objetivo foi descrever, de acordo com a experiência de um atendimento em psicoterapia de orientação psicanalítica interrompida, aspectos relevantes sobre o papel da transferência e seus desdobramentos. A transferência evidenciou com clareza a repetição, na relação terapêutica, de relações vazias e de abandono pregressas do paciente. Percebeu-se também a resistência do paciente em acessar tais conteúdos inconscientes e conflitivos. A experiência deixou clara a importância da transferência e da resistência na psicoterapia e que se ambas forem bem manejadas pelo terapeuta, podem servir-lhe de ferramenta capaz de conduzir o paciente no caminho de seus conteúdos latentes.
The various forms of known transfers are described as (unconscious) strategies that mask the subject's internal contents. When they appear in the session, through transference, it is up to the therapist to find the way to understand it and to manage it for the benefit of the patient-psychotherapist relationship. The objective of this study was to describe, according to the experience of an interrupted psychoanalytic oriented psychotherapy, aspects relevant to the role of transference and its consequences. The transfer clearly showed the repetition, in the therapeutic relationship, of empty relations and previous abandonment of the patient. The patient's resistance in accessing such unconscious and conflicting contents was also perceived. Experience has made clear the importance of transference and resistance in psychotherapy, and if both are well managed by the therapist, they can serve as a tool capable of leading the patient in the path of their latent contents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychoanalysis , Psychotherapy , Physician-Patient RelationsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Many studies reported that brief interventions are effective in reducing excessive drinking. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a protocol of brief intervention for college students (BASICS), delivered face-to-face, to reduce risky alcohol consumption and negative consequences. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed by searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. A quality assessment of RCTs was made by using a validated scale. Combined mean effect sizes, using meta-analysis random-effects models, were calculated. RESULTS: 18 studies were included in the review. The sample sizes ranged from 54 to 1275 (median=212). All studies presented a good evaluation of methodological quality and four were found to have excellent quality. After approximately 12 months of follow-up, students receiving BASICS showed a significant reduction in alcohol consumption (difference between means=-1.50 drinks per week, 95% CI: -3.24 to -0.29) and alcohol-related problems (difference between means=-0.87, 95% CI: -1.58 to -0.20) compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, BASICS lowered both alcohol consumption and negative consequences in college students. Gender and peer factors seem to play an important role as moderators of behavior change in college drinking. Characteristics of BASICS procedure have been evaluated as more favorable and acceptable by students in comparison with others interventions or control conditions. Considerations for future researches were discussed.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Psychotherapy, Brief/methods , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Peer Group , Psychotherapy, Brief/statistics & numerical data , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Students/psychology , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
CONTEXTO: Estudos indicam que expectativas sobre o uso de álcool podem contribuir para o início e a manutenção do consumo da droga e modular de forma diferente o comportamento do beber de homens e de mulheres. OBJETIVOS: Descrever e analisar diferenças de gênero sobre expectativas relacionadas ao uso de álcool em artigos da literatura indexada. MÉTODOS: Foram pesquisados artigos empíricos originais no período de 2000 a 2011 nos indexadores PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs e PsycInfo. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 32 estudos, sendo apenas dois de origem latino-americana. Expectativa de facilitação social foi a mais observada para ambos os gêneros. Homens apresentaram maior diversidade de expectativas sobre os efeitos do uso de álcool. Intervenções baseadas na redução de expectativas positivas parecem mais eficazes entre os homens. CONCLUSÃO: Expectativas são um importante fator de risco para o uso de álcool, independentemente do gênero. A consideração das diferenças de gênero sobre expectativas pode beneficiar o manejo clínico de problemas associados ao consumo de álcool e direcionar ações preventivas para o risco de abuso e dependência.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown, that expectancies about the consumption of alcohol can contribute to the onset and maintenance of alcohol use and modulate in different ways the drinking behaviour of men and women. OBJECTIVES: To describe and analyse gender differences in alcohol expectancies based on indexed literature. METHODS: The research was conducted via the electronic databases PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs and PsycInfo, considering original articles published between 2000 and 2011. RESULTS: Thirty two studies were found, whereby only 2 were from Latin America. Social facilitation was the most frequent expectancy in both genders. Men showed more variety of expectancies associated to alcohol use. Preventive measures with the aim to reduce positive expectancies were more effective in male. DISCUSSION: Regardless of gender, alcohol expectancies are an important risk factor for alcohol use. The consideration of gender differences in alcohol expectancies can enhance clinical monitoring of problems associated with alcohol use and direct preventive efforts against the risk of abuse and dependence.
