ABSTRACT
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a chronic condition brought on by various factors and mechanisms that have been linked to many deaths and illnesses. The causes of IDD involve multiple processes, including genetics, stress, cellular aging, and changes in nutrition due to the limited blood supply. Animal models play a crucial role in biomedical research and the selection of these models is based on many considerations, including the need for similarities in structure and function with humans. This is important because the etiology and pathogenesis of IDD are complex. Finding the right animal model is not an easy task. In addition to having similarities to humans, these models should also be reliable, reproducible, cost-effective, and easy to maintain. One common method of inducing IDD in animal models is needle puncture. This method is less invasive and time-consuming compared to other methods and allows for precise control over the extent and location of the injury.
