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Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(supl.1): S109-S114, 1 mar., 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-171900

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) presenta una etiología compleja, atribuida principalmente a múltiples genes de susceptibilidad y factores ambientales. No obstante, los estudios genéticos de asociación han sido inconsistentes, identificando variantes genéticas de efecto moderado que explican una pequeña proporción de la heredabilidad estimada del trastorno (< 10%). Recientes estudios sugieren que la microbiota intestinal y la dieta desempeñan un papel importante en el desarrollo y los síntomas de diferentes trastornos mentales. Sin embargo, en la actualidad no existe una claridad absoluta al respecto. El presente proyecto propone un abordaje alternativo para identificar mecanismos a través de los cuales el ecosistema microbiano intestinal y la dieta podrían contribuir a la presencia del TDAH. Objetivo. Identificar biomarcadores para el TDAH a través del estudio de la microbiota intestinal. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio transversal de pacientes adultos con TDAH (n = 100) y de individuos control (n = 100). En ambos grupos se tomarán medidas de evaluación de TDAH y hábitos alimentarios. Se obtendrán muestras fecales para la extracción del ADN bacteriano, que permitirán caracterizar la microbiota intestinal de los participantes, para posteriormente realizar un estudio de asociación metagenómico e intentar correlacionar la composición bacteriana intestinal con subtipos clínicos del trastorno. Resultados y conclusiones. Se espera que la comparación de los perfiles de microbiota intestinal entre sujetos con TDAH y controles ayude a explicar la heterogeneidad clínica del trastorno e identificar nuevos mecanismos implicados en su desarrollo (AU)


Introduction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a complex aetiology, mainly attributed to a number of susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Genetic association studies, however, have been inconsistent and have identified genetic variants with a moderate effect that explain a small proportion of the estimated inheritability of the disorder (< 10%). Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota and diet play an important role in the development and symptoms of different mental disorders. Nevertheless, no clear evidence exists on the issue. This project proposes an alternative approach to identify mechanisms by which the intestinal microbial ecosystem and diet could contribute to the presence of ADHD. Aim. To identify biomarkers for ADHD by examining the gut microbiota. Subjects and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult patients with ADHD (n = 100) and control subjects (n = 100). Measures of ADHD evaluation and eating habits were performed in both groups. Samples of faecal material were obtained from which to extract bacterial DNA, then used to characterise the participants’ gut microbiota. A metagenomics association study was later performed to attempt to correlate the bacterial composition of the intestine with the clinical subtypes of the disorder. Results and conclusions. Comparing the gut microbiota profiles of subjects with ADHD and controls is expected to help account for the clinical heterogeneity of the disorder and identify new mechanisms involved in its development (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Biomarkers/analysis , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnosis , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Risk Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies
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