Non-Ionizing Radiation Created by Mobile Phone Progresses Endometrial Hyperplasia: An Experimental Rat Study.

BACKGROUND: Non-ionizing radiation is related with many pathologies. AIM: Determine association between non-ionizing radiation and endometrial hyperplasia. METHODS: Fifty oopherectomized Wistar albino rats were administered Estradiol hemihydrate (4 mg/kg) to induce hyperplasia, and were exposed to 1800 MHz radiation created by a mobile phone and a signal generator working as base station. This study was carried out with 5 groups in two phases. The study groups were. Control group without any exposure; group receiving estrogen in first phase of the study; group receiving estrogen in both phases; group receiving estrogen in the first phase and exposed to non-ionizing radiation during second phase and group taking estrogen in both phases and exposed to non-ionizing radiation during the second phase. Following both phases, uterine horns were excised and evaluated based on glandular density (GD), epithelial cell height (ECH), and luminal epithelial cell height (LECH). RESULTS: Estrogen increased all parameters during both phases (LECH, GD, and ECH values were 12,2 vs. 16,5 (p = 0.001), 34 vs. 47 (p <0.001), and 201 vs. 376.6 (p = 0.001), respectively during the first phase; LECH, GD and ECH values were 13,2 vs. 20,3 (p <0.001), 35.5 vs. 65,5 (p <0.001), 219.9 vs. 419.6 (p <0.001), respectively, during the second phase).Non-ionizing radiation increased all values without estrogen exposure (LECH, GD and ECH values were 13,2 vs. 17,2 (p = 0,074), 35,5 vs. 59 (p = 0.074), and 219 vs. 318.3 (p <0.001), respectively) or with estrogen exposure (LECH, GD, and ECH, values were 20,3 vs. 22,8 (p = 0,168), 65,5 vs. 77 (p = 0,058), and 419,6 vs. 541,6 (p = 0.004), respectively). CONCLUSION: Non-ionizing radiation progressed endometrial hyperplasia in an experimental rat model with/without estrogen exposure.

Relationship between copper IUD complications and ultrasonographic findings.

OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine device (IUD) is a widely used long-acting contraceptive method; however, the side-effects related to IUD may lead to method discontinuation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between the most common side-effects of IUD use; mainly dysmenorrhea, menorrhaghia, pelvic cramping and the relation of these complications with the position of the IUD device within the cavity and uterine dimensions evaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two hundred and eighty-four patients who had Cu-T380A IUD insertion at the Family Planning Clinic of a tertiary health center were evaluated at insertion and 6 and 12 weeks after the insertion. Demographic characteristics, medical history, symptoms and findings of the gynecological examination were recorded. Transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement of the uterine dimensions, the distance between the tip of the Cu-IUD and the fundus, myometrium and endometrium were measured to evaluate the displacement of the IUD. The relationship between the symptoms and IUD displacement diagnosed by ultrasonographic examination were investigated. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-seven patients were followed-up for 12 weeks as the remaining 16 had partial or complete IUD expulsion. A statistically significantly shorter uterine length was measured in patients who complained of menorrhagia in comparison to the ones without this complaint (54.27 ± 6.11 vs 60.25 ± 10.52 mm, p = 0.02) while uterine length was similar in patients with or without dysmenorrhea at 12 weeks (59.60 ± 10.25 vs 60.33 ± 10.68 mm, p = 0.71). The distances between the tip of the IUD and the endometrium, myometrium and the uterine fundus, were statistically and significantly longer in patients who experienced pelvic cramping at 3rd month, showing a downward movement of the IUD. (Endometrium; 0.29 ± 0.72 vs 0.45 ± 0.35 mm, p = 0.02, Myometrium; 1.25 ± 1.39 vs 2.38 ± 2.26 mm p < 0.05, Fundus; 1.68 ± 2.39 vs 2.92 ± 1.78 mm, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A shorter uterine cavity length seems to be a predictor of menorrhagia in patients with Cu-T 380A IUD. Patients experiencing pelvic cramping with IUD are more susceptible for IUD expulsion as the downward movement of IUD is more prominent in these patients.

Isolated tubal torsion: Successful preoperative diagnosis of five cases using ultrasound and management with laparoscopy.

Our aim was to evaluate the presentation and diagnostic evaluation of patients with isolated tubal torsion and to evaluate the surgical approach to these patients. We also aimed to define the ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria. Five patients with isolated tubal torsion who were admitted to our gynecology department between January 2014 and January 2017 were evaluated and included in this study. All cases were diagnosed through ultrasonographic imaging alone. The preoperative findings of the patients were similar to those described in the literature. No further imaging modality was used for diagnosis and all patients were managed with laparoscopy. The clinical findings and ultrasonographic findings were consistent with literature. It may be difficult to preoperatively diagnose isolated tubal torsion, which is a rare clinical entity. Evaluation of these patients by an experienced sonographer and knowledge of the ultrasonographic findings of isolated tubal torsion may have vital preventive measures.