ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIM: Staphylococcus aureus remains a common cause of burn wound infection. Different studies have shown that the entrapment of plant-derived material such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in liposomes could increase their anti-S. aureus activity. The objectives of this study were to prepare EGCG-loaded nanoliposomes with variable surface charges and to evaluate their efficacy in vitro and in vivo against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: EGCG-loaded nanoliposomes with positive, negative and neutral surface charges were prepared by extrusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of EGCG nanoliposomal forms against MRSA were determined by broth dilution method. The killing rates of the free and nanoliposomal forms of EGCG were analyzed. Ultimately, the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the nanoliposomes in burned mouse skin infected by MRSA was investigated. RESULTS: The MICs of the free, cationic, neutral and anionic nanoliposomal forms of EGCG against MRSA were 128, 16, 32 and 256 mg/l, respectively. The killing rates of the EGCG-loaded cationic nanoliposomes were higher than those of the other formulations. Treatment with the EGCG-loaded nanoliposomes with positive, neutral and negative surface charges resulted in almost 100, 70 and 30% survival rates, respectively. CONCLUSION: The data suggested that the cationic EGCG-loaded nanoliposomes would be a good choice for the treatment of MRSA infections due to its high effectiveness.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Burns/drug therapy , Catechin/analogs & derivatives , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Wound Infection/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Catechin/pharmacology , Catechin/therapeutic use , Kidney/microbiology , Liposomes , Liver/microbiology , Male , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Nanostructures , Skin/microbiology , Spleen/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Wound Infection/microbiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Amphotericin B (AmB) which is an appropriate antibiotic for the treatment of mycosis has many toxic effects including nephrotoxicity. Recently preparation of a new drug loaded nanoparticles for the reduction of toxicity and increase in the effectiveness of AmB has been reported. The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the spray-dried AmB-loaded nanospheres. METHODS: AmB-loaded nanospheres was prepared by means of nanoprecipitation method. The spray-dried nanospheres was prepared by using aerosil and AmB entrapment efficacy was measured by HPLC method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AmB-loaded nanospheres against Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) was determined by using microdilution method and its in vitro haemolytic effect and antifungal efficacy on infected rabbits was also analyzed. RESULTS: The entrapment efficacy for AmB loaded nanospheres was 65.2%±3. The MIC of AmB-loaded nanospheres against C. albicans compared to the free antibiotic was lower significantly. Also, the AmB-loaded nanospheres found to be 9.5 times less toxic than free AmB on human red blood cells. In vivo testing indicated that AmB-loaded nanospheres have a stronger protective effect against candidiasis compared to the free AmB. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that prepared spray-dried AmB-loaded nanospheres would be a good choice for the treatment of mycosis because of low toxicity and high stability and effectiveness.
