Relation between psychosomatic disturbances and job stress in video display unit operators.

BACKGROUND: Some psychosomatic disturbances have been related to protracted video display unit (VDU) use at work, and they may be associated with job stress. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing the association between psychosomatic disturbances with job-related and subjective stress in 990 VDU. METHODS: Job stress was evaluated by Karasek's Questionnaire, psychological job demands and job decision latitude scores were calculated. Workers were assigned to four categories: high-strain job, low-strain job, active job, and passive job. Subjective perception of stress was evaluated with the Rapid Stress Assessment Scale. RESULTS: None of the psychosomatic disturbances investigated were associated with higher psychological job demands scores, whereas many of them were significantly related to lower job decision latitude scores and high-strain jobs. All psychosomatic disturbances were significantly associated with personal stress. Logistic regression confirms the protective role of job decision latitude on headache, fatigue, intestinal gas, disturbed sleep and the significant role of subjective stress on all psychosomatic disturbances studied. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas subjective stress is harmful, job decision latitude is a protective factor for several psychosomatic disturbances reported by VDU operators. Improvement in the job decision latitude might be a preventive specific measure in work planning to reduce possible stress-related disorders.

Absence of t(14;18) chromosome translocation in agricultural workers after short-term exposure to pesticides.

Exposure to pesticides represents a potential health risk for the general population and for agricultural workers in particular. Some researchers observed that occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with risk of non­Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The chromosomal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in NHL. The aim of this study was to detect the effects of pesticides on t(14;18) chromosome translocation in agricultural workers after short-term exposure. Fifty-two workers occupationally exposed to pesticides (fungicides and insecticides) and 52 non-exposed were recruited. The farm workers were on average exposed to pesticides for ~3.7 h a day for 5 years. The frequency of BCL2-IGH t(14;18) translocation in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides was 10% (5 of 52) vs. 8% (4 of 52) in the control group. Overall, these data suggest that no significant association between occupational exposure to pesticides and an increased frequency of the chromosomal translocation BCL2-IGH t(14;18) in farmers was observed. However, further studies with a higher number of subjects exposed to pesticides are necessary to confirm this observation.

Non­infective occupational risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: A review (Review).

Liver cancer is the second leading worldwide cause of cancer­associated mortalities. Hepatocellular carcinoma, which accounts for the majority of liver tumors, ranks fifth among types of human cancer. Well­established risk factors for liver cancer include the hepatitis B and C viruses, aflatoxins, alcohol consumption, and oral contraceptives. Tobacco smoking, androgenic steroids, and diabetes mellitus are suspected risk factors. Current knowledge regarding non­infective occupational risk factors for liver cancer is inconclusive. The relevance of liver disorders to occupational medicine lies in the fact that the majority of chemicals are metabolized in the liver, and toxic metabolites generated via metabolism are the predominant cause of liver damage. However, their non­specific clinical manifestations that are similar in a number of liver diseases make diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, concomitant conditions, such as viral hepatitis and alcohol or drug abuse, may mask liver disorders that result from occupational hepatotoxic agents and block the demonstration of an occupational cause. The identification of environmental agents that result in human cancer is a long and often difficult process. The purpose of the present review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the association of non­infective occupational risk exposure and HCC, to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem.

Detection of pleural plaques in workers exposed to inhalation of natural fluoro-edenite fibres.

Fluoro-edenite is a natural mineral species initially isolated in Biancavilla, Sicily. The fibres are similar in size and morphology to certain amphibolic asbestos fibres, the inhalation of which may cause chronic inflammation and cancer. Occupational asbestos exposure is known to be associated with pleural and lung diseases, including pleural plaques. The aim of this study was to report the pleural and lung parenchymal lesions detected by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in a group of construction workers exposed to fluoro-edenite. Information regarding life habits and occupational history was collected from 43 workers enrolled into the study. The participants underwent physical examination, blood analysis, search for uncoated fibres and ferruginous bodies in the sputum, pulmonary function tests, including diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (TLCO), and HRCT chest imaging. A general descriptive outcome analysis was also conducted; a prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence interval and a two-tailed test P-value were calculated for pleural plaques using log-binomial regression, measuring plaque size and thickness, and cumulative exposure index (CEI). The mean values of the functional respiratory tests were within the normal range for all participants. A restrictive ventilatory defect was identified in two (5%) subjects and an obstructive ventilatory defect in three (7%) subjects. TLCO was reduced in two additional participants. Fibres were detected in 19 (44%) of subjects. Pleural involvement was documented in 39 (91%) workers, of whom 31 (72%) had bilateral plaques. Calcifications were detected in 25 (58%) of these participants. PR indicated a progressive increase in the risk of developing pleural lesions with rising CEI, i.e. length of exposure. The present findings demonstrate for the first time the presence of pleural plaques in the lungs of subjects exposed to fluoro-edenite fibres, and not to asbestos, through residing in Biancavilla and through their occupation.