ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: There is limited information about the dietary habits associated with stomach adenocarcinoma in the Brazilian population, so our purpose is to analyze the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods by patients with stomach adenocarcinoma in Brazil. METHODS: A multicentric hospital-based case-control study was conducted in São Paulo (southeastern region) and Belém (Amazon region) of Brazil with 1,045 individuals, both sexes, between 18 and 75 years old. In São Paulo, there were 214 cases with stomach adenocarcinoma and 150 controls patients submitted to stomach endoscopy named as Group I (without any pre-malignant gastric disease) and the Healthy Controls (Group 2) comprised 401 individuals matched by age and sex from the prevention unit at A.C .Camargo Cancer Center. In Belém, it has two groups one are cases 140 and second 140 hospital controls, recruited in outpatient clinics. Lifestyle and food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were administered in cases and controls in both places. Univariate and multivariable binomial logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: In São Paulo, cases reported two times greater consumption of processed meat (adjusted OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.32-4.96) and of sweets (≥ 80 g/day) than Group 1 (endoscopic controls) (adjusted OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.21-4.18). Compared with Group 2, processed food consumption (≥ 44 g/day) as well as ≥ 44 g/day of salted bread increased the odds of having stomach adenocarcinoma (adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.82-4.81 and adjusted OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.30-3.18), respectively. In Belém, individuals who reported consuming ≥ 166 g/day of fried and roasted meat and fish were more likely to have stomach adenocarcinoma (adjusted OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.13-4.30). CONCLUSIONS: In both cities, consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, especially salted bread, yellow cheese, fried and roasted meats, fish fried, processed meat, and sweets, was independently associated with the chance of having stomach adenocarcinoma.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Stomach Neoplasms , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/etiology , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Diet/adverse effects , Feeding Behavior , Female , Fishes , Humans , Male , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Stomach Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Investigations of lifestyle factors such as physical activity may identify risk patterns in this population. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the level of habitual physical activity and its association with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in the Amazon region. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study. Questionnaires investigating sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity were applied between July 2017 and April 2019. To assess habitual physical activity, we used the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, which assessed physical exercise (PE), occupational physical activity, and leisure and locomotion activity (LLA). The Chi-square association test was applied and univariate and multiple binary logistic regression models were used for odds ratio analysis. The descriptive level of 5% (P < 0.05) was selected for statistical significance. The sample consisted of 297 individuals, with 147 cases and 150 controls. Those who performed PE at the second percentile level for 5 years before the interview were 71% less likely to develop gastric cancer (P = 0.012). Individuals with the highest LLA levels during the preceding 10 and 15 years were 76 and 78% less likely to have gastric cancer, respectively. In this study, physical activity related to sport and to leisure and locomotion was an independent protective factor that was inversely associated with gastric cancer.
Subject(s)
Stomach Neoplasms , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Exercise , Humans , Leisure Activities , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Stomach Neoplasms/etiology , Stomach Neoplasms/prevention & control , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide with high incidences in Asia, Central, and South American countries. This patchy distribution means that GC studies are neglected by large research centers from developed countries. The need for further understanding of this complex disease, including the local importance of epidemiological factors and the rich ancestral admixture found in Brazil, stimulated the implementation of the GE4GAC project. GE4GAC aims to embrace epidemiological, clinical, molecular and microbiological data from Brazilian controls and patients with malignant and pre-malignant gastric disease. In this letter, we summarize the main goals of the project, including subject and sample accrual and current findings
