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1.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 25(5): 580-6, 2013 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23263721

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a chronic disease associated with oxidative stress. Bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity may affect biomarkers of oxidative stress. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on blood markers of oxidative stress, such as vitamins C and E, ß-carotene, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). METHODS: A prospective controlled clinical trial was carried out. The participants were distributed into two groups: a control group (n=35), which was evaluated once, and a bariatric group (n=35), which was evaluated at baseline as well as 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS: After surgery, the BMI decreased from 47.05±1.46 to 30.53±1.14 kg/m (P<0.001), but 25.7% of the participants regained weight after 24 months. In relation to the baseline, postsurgery reductions were found in vitamin C (31.9±4.6%, P<0.001), ß-carotene (360.7±368.3%, P<0.001), vitamin E (22.8±4.1%, P<0.001), GSH (6.6±5.2%, P=0.090), CAT (12.7±5.6%, P=0.029), and FRAP (1.2±3.8%, P=0.085) 2 years after RYGB. TBARS levels decreased after 12 months (71.6±2.9%, P<0.001) in relation to the baseline but increased by 195.0±28.2% between the 12th and the 24th month (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present findings show that oxidative stress returned 2 years after RYGB. Concentrations of vitamin C, ß-carotene, GSH, CAT, and FRAP were decreased, whereas the concentration of TBARS decreased in the first year but increased in the following year, which may be partly explained by the imbalance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants.


Subject(s)
Gastric Bypass , Obesity/surgery , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Adult , Anthropometry/methods , Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage , Ascorbic Acid/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Body Mass Index , Body Weight/physiology , Catalase/blood , Energy Intake/physiology , Female , Glutathione/blood , Humans , Male , Obesity/blood , Obesity/physiopathology , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Vitamin E/blood , beta Carotene/administration & dosage , beta Carotene/blood
2.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 61(4): 361-366, dic. 2011. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-702745

ABSTRACT

In the last twenty years, the Brazilian government has created a number of income transfer programs for the poorest portion of the population to promote food and nutrition security and eradicate extreme poverty, hunger and malnutrition. These programs have achieved satisfactory results, which cannot, however, be attributed solely to the transference of income, as they involve other governmental public policies in health, education and basic sanitation. Combined, the aim of such public policies is to break patterns of the poverty across generations, thereby contributing to human development in the country.


En las últimas dos décadas, el gobierno brasileño creó varios programas de transferencia de ingresos para los más pobres con el objetivo de promover la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, así como para erradicar la pobreza extrema y el hambre. Estos programas proporcionaron algunos resultados satisfactorios, lo que no se puede atribuir exclusivamente a la transferencia de ingresos, sino también a otros sectores gubernamentales y a diversas políticas públicas en las áreas de educación, salud y saneamiento básico. En conjunto, estas políticas están destinadas a romper el patrón de pobreza intergeneracional, contribuyendo con el desarrollo humano del país.


Subject(s)
Humans , National Health Programs , Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Brazil , Food Supply , Poverty , Public Policy , Social Justice , Social Security
3.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 61(4): 361-6, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23094518

ABSTRACT

In the last twenty years, the Brazilian government has created a number of income transfer programs for the poorest portion of the population to promote food and nutrition security and eradicate extreme poverty, hunger and malnutrition. These programs have achieved satisfactory results, which cannot, however, be attributed solely to the transference of income, as they involve other governmental public policies in health, education and basic sanitation, Combined, the aim of such public policies is to break patterns of the poverty across generations, thereby contributing to human development in the country.


Subject(s)
National Health Programs , Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Brazil , Food Supply , Humans , Poverty , Public Policy , Social Justice , Social Security
4.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 29(2): 130-135, abr.-jun. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467871

ABSTRACT

Os pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas são submetidos a tratamento quimioterápico que induz uma intensa alteração na integridade da mucosa intestinal, favorecendo um aumento da sua morbi-mortalidade. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea do Centro de Pesquisas Oncológicas em Florianópolis - SC e teve como objetivo estudar a ação do prebiótico na resposta de proteína da fase aguda de pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas submetidos à quimioterapia. Foi realizado um estudo clínico randomizado duplo cego envolvendo 25 pacientes divididos em dois grupos que receberam por 15 dias: 12g de FOS (n=14) ou placebo (maltodextrina) (n=11). Todas as variáveis foram determinadas antes e após a suplementação. Foram avaliados os níveis séricos das proteínas de fase aguda negativas (albumina e pré-albumina) e a proteína de fase aguda positiva, proteína C reativa (PCR). Verificaram-se a presença de diarréia e de constipação, bem como a quantidade de bifidobactérias e valores de pH fecal. A redução dos níveis séricos de proteínas de fase aguda negativas (albumina e pré-albumina) comprovam o intenso catabolismo protéico, priorizando a síntese de proteína de fase aguda positiva (PCR). O grupo suplementado apresentou um aumento significante na quantidade de bifidobactérias e o pH fecal não foi alterado em ambos os grupos. Os níveis séricos de PCR foram estatisticamente superiores no grupo controle, indicando a ocorrência de processos inflamatórios e maior demanda metabólica, sugerindo que a quantidade de bifidobactérias pode ter favorecido a redução deste quadro no grupo suplementado, confirmado pela correlação negativa entre estas variáveis.


Patients with hematologic neoplasias are submitted to chemotherapeutic treatment that induces intense alterations in the integrity of the intestinal mucous membrane, favoring an increase in the morbimortality rate. The current work was developed in the Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit of the Oncology Research Center in Florianopolis and was aimed at studying the action of prebiotic agents on protein response in the acute phase of hematologic neoplastic patients submitted to chemotherapy. A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed involving 25 patients divided into two groups. Patients received 12 g FOS (n=14) or placebo (maltdextrine) (n=11) over 15 days. All the variables were determined before and after supplementation. The serum levels of negative acute phase proteins, albumin and pre-albumin, and positive acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein, were evaluated. The presence of diarrhea and constipation are reported, as are the quantity of bifidobacteria and fecal pH measurements. Reductions in the serum levels of negative acute phase proteins (albumin and pre-albumin) show intense proteic catabolism thereby, favoring the synthesis of protein in the positive acute phase. The supplemented group presented with a significant increase in the quantity of bifidobacteria. The fecal pH levels were affected in both groups. The serum levels of positive acute phase proteins were statistically higher in the control group indicating the occurrence of inflammatory processes and a higher metabolic demand suggesting that the quantity of bifidobacteria may favor a reduction of these adverse conditions in the supplemented group as was confirmed by the negative correlation between variables.


Subject(s)
Hematologic Neoplasms , Bifidobacterium , C-Reactive Protein , Prealbumin , Acute-Phase Proteins , Albumins , Drug Therapy , Prebiotics
5.
Hig. aliment ; 21(140): 24-29, abr. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-437923

ABSTRACT

A lactose está presente em diversos tipos de leite e todos os mamíferos, inclusive o ser humano, quando nascem em condições normais, estão aptos a digerir este açúcar. No entanto, aproximadamente 75 por cento da população mundial é intolerante à lactose. Para a lactose ser assimilada pelo organismo é necessário que seja hidrolisada no intestino delgado, pela ação da enzima lactase, também chamada de beta galactosidase, em: galactose e glicose. Na ausência da lactose na mucosa intestinal, a lactose não pode ser absorvida e utilizada. No cólon os microorganismos a fermentam, resultado em ácidos e gases, aparecendo sintomas clínicos como: diarréia, flatulência, dores de barriga e inchaço no abdômen. O tratamento da intolerância à lactose consiste basicamente na retirada ou diminuição desse açúcar da dieta, o que leva ao desaparecimento progressivo dos sintomas. Uma das grandes preocupações com a redução da lactose da alimentação é a garantia do fornecimento de quantidade apropriada de proteínas, cálcio, riboflavina e vitamina D, cuja maior fonte é o leite e seus derivados. É de fundamental importância um planejamento dietético apropriado em crianças, que assegura um crescimento satisfatório. Com o intuito de propiciar um melhor tratamento nutricional à pacientes intolerantes à lactose este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o teor de lactose em alimentos que são geralmente consumidos por crianças obtido através de pesquisa junto à algumas indústrias alimentícias, bem como apresentar um cardápio balanceado e equilibrado para crianças na faixa etária de 4 a 6 anos, que contribua para a prevenção de possíveis carências nutricionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child Nutrition , Diet Therapy , Lactose Intolerance , Lactose/adverse effects , Lactose/metabolism
6.
Hig. aliment ; 20(140): 24-29, abr. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1481826

ABSTRACT

A lactose está presente em diversos tipos de leite e todos os mamíferos, inclusive o ser humano, quando nascem em condições normais, estão aptos a digerir este açúcar. No entanto, aproximadamente 75 por cento da população mundial é intolerante à lactose. Para a lactose ser assimilada pelo organismo é necessário que seja hidrolisada no intestino delgado, pela ação da enzima lactase, também chamada de beta galactosidase, em: galactose e glicose. Na ausência da lactose na mucosa intestinal, a lactose não pode ser absorvida e utilizada. No cólon os microorganismos a fermentam, resultado em ácidos e gases, aparecendo sintomas clínicos como: diarréia, flatulência, dores de barriga e inchaço no abdômen. O tratamento da intolerância à lactose consiste basicamente na retirada ou diminuição desse açúcar da dieta, o que leva ao desaparecimento progressivo dos sintomas. Uma das grandes preocupações com a redução da lactose da alimentação é a garantia do fornecimento de quantidade apropriada de proteínas, cálcio, riboflavina e vitamina D, cuja maior fonte é o leite e seus derivados. É de fundamental importância um planejamento dietético apropriado em crianças, que assegura um crescimento satisfatório. Com o intuito de propiciar um melhor tratamento nutricional à pacientes intolerantes à lactose este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar o teor de lactose em alimentos que são geralmente consumidos por crianças obtido através de pesquisa junto à algumas indústrias alimentícias, bem como apresentar um cardápio balanceado e equilibrado para crianças na faixa etária de 4 a 6 anos, que contribua para a prevenção de possíveis carências nutricionais.


Lactose is a sugar present in several types of milk and in all mammals, including human beings. Humans born under normal conditions, are capable of digesting this sugar. However, approximately 75% of the world population are intolerant to lactose. For its assimilation by the organism, lactose I1lUStbe broken into galactose and glucose, in a hydrolysis reaction, catalyzed by the lactase (also called beta galactosidase) enzyme. ln the absence of lactase in the intestinal mucous membrane, lactose cannot be absorbed and used. In the colon, it is fermented by the microorganisms, forming acids and gas, responsible for gastrointestinal symptoms such as: diarrhea, flatulence, cramps and bloating. The treatment of lactose intolerance consists basically of the withdrawal or decrease of lactose content of the diet, what leads to the progressive disappearance of the symptoms. However, one of the major concerns with the reduced lactose diet is the supply of appropriate amount of protein, calcium, riboflavine and vitamin O, to hose main source is milk and its subproducts. In this context, appropriate dietary planning is of fundamental importance in children, where satisfactory growth must be assured. So being, with the intention of propitiating a better nutritional treatment to the lactose intolerant patient, this work's objective was to research the lactose amounts present in foods usually consumed by children (data obtained from industry sources as well as to propose balanced food plans elaborated for children in the age group from 4 to 6 years, as a contribution to the prevention of possible nutritional deficiencies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Diet Therapy , Lactose Intolerance , Lactose/adverse effects , Lactose/metabolism , Child Nutrition
7.
Clin Nutr ; 24(6): 1038-46, 2005 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16183173

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evaluate the influence of tomato powder in diets differing in energy level on antioxidant status in blood and liver of rats. METHODS: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats weighing 150-180 g were placed four groups (n=6). For 28 days, animals were fed a diet that was either hyper energetic or hypo energetic. Some diets were supplemented with tomato powder. Liver and blood were collected for analysis of antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, ubiquinol 9, alpha-tocopherol, lycopene and beta-carotene. Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Food intake and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances contents in liver and plasma were significantly decreased by tomato powder at both energy levels. After tomato powder supplementation, the hepatic levels of ubiquinol 9, alpha-tocopherol, lycopene and beta-carotene were significantly enhanced. In plasma, only the contents of lycopene and beta-carotene were enhanced. The erythrocytic and hepatic activities of catalase were lower, while those of glutathione peroxidase were higher after the ingestion of tomato powder. Total and reduced glutathione contents in liver showed lower levels in cafeteria-fed rats compared to the hypo energetic diet. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the lycopene and beta-carotene component in the tomato power supplement might be beneficial for the prevention of oxidative damage in rats fed both types of energetic diets.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Energy Intake/physiology , Glutathione/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Solanum lycopersicum , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Health Status , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Liver/chemistry , Liver/drug effects , Solanum lycopersicum/chemistry , Male , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Powders , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis , Weight Gain/drug effects
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