ABSTRACT
Background: Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly diagnosed in Saudi Arabia, but there is negligible evidence regarding adult ADHD in college students. Objective: To determine the prevalence and correlates of ADHD among undergraduates at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2280 undergraduate students from 11 colleges at King Abdulaziz University, one of the largest university in Saudi Arabia, were approached in person with a questionnaire that elicited information regarding demographics, education, psychiatric history, health behaviors, and ADHD. A validated Arabic version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale was used. Results: A total of 2059 students (90%) completed the questionnaire (mean age: 21.2 years). Almost one-tenth (11.9%) of the sample met the criteria for adult ADHD; only 6.5% had been diagnosed with ADHD in childhood and <1% (0.8%) had taken medication for the same. Multivariate analyses revealed that high family income, low grade in the last semester, parental divorce, diagnosis of childhood ADHD, prior diagnosis of depression, greater severity of current depression and anxiety, and cigarette smoking increased the likelihood of adult ADHD. Conclusion: A notable proportion of students in this study had suspected adult ADHD. Early evaluation of students with ADHD and identification of those at risk may potentially help in improving their academic performance and quality of life.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: One of the most common organs targeted by metastatic malignancies are the lungs. In the field of surgical oncology, pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) is frequently performed for patients with pulmonary metastatic nodules secondary to specific primary tumors. This study aimed to evaluate survival and its predictors among patients with primary sarcoma or colorectal cancer who underwent PM at the Princess Norah Oncology Center, Jeddah, between 2007 and 2016. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sarcoma and colorectal cancer patients with isolated lung metastasis and who underwent PM in our institution between 2007 and 2016 were identified. Overall survival and possible survival predictors were assessed using log-rank test and multivariate analysis was implemented using Cox regression. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (16 with colorectal cancer and 22 with sarcoma) were identified. The median follow-up duration was 26 months (range 0-88). A total of 11 patients (28.9%) died during the follow-up period. The 5-year survival rates for patients who underwent PM with primary colorectal and sarcoma were 89% and 41%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that PM in patients with primary colorectal cancer was associated with longer overall survival (p value = 0.023) compared with PM with sarcoma. In the multivariate analysis, a metastatic lesion with size = 15 mm and having primary colorectal cancer were the factors significantly associated with prolonged survival. CONCLUSION: Our experience has shown a substantial 5-year survival benefit for patients with primary tumors of sarcomas and colorectal cancer who underwent a PM. A primary tumor of the colorectum and larger pulmonary metastases were associated with a better outcome. We recommend PM, following careful selection, for patients with pulmonary deposits secondary to a primary tumor of Colorectum or sarcoma.
