ABSTRACT
In this study, we document the practices of ethnoveterinary medicine and ethnopharmacology in the context of traditional transhumance routes that cross Castilla La Mancha from north to south. Transhumance is a type of grazing system that allows advantage to be taken of winter pastures (wintering places) and summer pastures by seasonal movement, twice a year, of cattle and their shepherds. Our study is based on over 200 interviews (from 1994 to 2021) conducted in 86 localities along eight major transhumance routes "cañadas reales" and 25 other minor transhumance routes, and involved 210 informants, 89 single and 121 groups, and 562 individuals, of which the majority were men. Sixty-three recorded pathologies and their treatments are discussed. Two hundred and two species and substances, belonging to 92 different families, have been recorded from the interviews, of which most are plants. Amid the toxic plant species, the most cited in the interviews are Erophaca baetica (L.) Boiss., Lupinus angustifolius L., and Oenanthe crocata L. Some of the species reported as toxic were reservoirs of pathogens or markers for dangerous areas. One of the fields most widely covered in our study is that of prevention, protection, and control of endo- and ectoparasites. This control is carried out mainly by means of aromatic plants. As a polyvalent species, Daphne gnidium L. is outstanding, and it contributes one-tenth of the records of our study. Among the species of fundamentally therapeutic use, Cistus ladanifer L. stands out by far. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on the repertories of ingredients, separates the routes whose most important sections run through siliceous terrain with its characteristic flora, especially in the provinces of Ciudad Real and Toledo, from the routes that run through the limestone terrain of Albacete and Cuenca, and link the Eastern Mancha and the "Serranía de Cuenca" with Andalusia and the Spanish Levant.
ABSTRACT
El envejecimiento activo constituye un tema de especial relevancia en una época donde la necesidad de afrontar los desafíos y oportunidades del siglo XXI han propiciado nuevas formas de entender la educación. Así, el modelo de aprendizaje basado en competencias implantado actualmente en los sistemas educativos europeos, latinoamericanos y de otras zonas debe ser considerado en todos los grupos de edad independientemente de criterios geográficos o sociodemográficos. En la legislación educativa española las competencias son definidas como las «capacidades para aplicar de forma integrada los contenidos propios de cada enseñanza y etapa educativa, con el fin de lograr la realización adecuada de actividades y la resolución eficaz de problemas complejos». Como se deduce de esta definición, el gran reto se basa en llevarlas a la práctica en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En este sentido, se presenta el Conocimiento Tradicional (CT) como una herramienta para favorecer el diálogo, la salud intergeneracional y por consiguiente la atención a nuestros mayores desde la escuela a la universidad. Además, el encuentro entre generaciones en diferentes etapas educativas puede poner en valor la experiencia de vida de las personas mayores y el desarrollo de competencias bidireccionales fruto de esa interacción. Actualmente, el Inventario Español de los Conocimientos Tradicionales relativos a la Biodiversidad (IECTB), elaborado para dar cumplimiento a la Ley 42/2007, de 13 de diciembre, del Patrimonio Natural y de la Biodiversidad, es un punto de referencia para el trabajo en gerontología social y el desarrollo de materiales didácticos con la filosofía pedagógica planteada. (AU)
Active ageing is a subject of particular relevance at a time when the need to face the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century has led to new ways of understanding education. Thus, the competency-based learning model currently implemented in European, Latin American and other educational systems must be considered in all age groups regardless of geographic or socio-demographic criteria. In the Spanish education legislation, competences are defined as the abilities to apply the content of each stage of teaching and learning in an integrated manner, in order to attain the appropriate performance of activities and the effective resolution of complex problems. As can be deduced from this definition, the great challenge lies in putting them into practice in the teaching-learning processes. In this respect, Traditional Knowledge (TK) is presented as a tool to encourage dialogue, intergenerational health and, consequently, care for our elders from school to university. Moreover, the encounter between generations at different educational stages can enhance the life experience of older people and the development of two-way skills resulting from this interaction. Currently, the «Inventario Español de los Conocimientos Tradicionales relativos a la Biodiversidad» (IECTB) (Spanish Inventory of Traditional Knowledge related to Biodiversity), drawn up to comply with Law 42/2007 of 13 December, on Natural Heritage and Biodiversity, is a reference point for the work on social gerontology and the development of teaching materials with the proposed pedagogical philosophy. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Information Dissemination/history , Aging , Health Sciences/education , Medicine, Traditional , GeriatricsABSTRACT
El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la influencia de la música y la presencia de compañía sobre el estado de ánimo y la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo en corredores amateur. Para la evaluación de los aspectos psicológicos se utilizó el Cuestionario POMS en su versión reducida de 29 ítems y el Test Borg en su versión CR-10. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 12 participantes adultos (6 hombres y 6 mujeres). Los sujetos realizaron tres pruebas de carrera en cinta: en solitario, con música y acompañado, con una velocidad y tiempo controlados. Cada prueba duró 21 minutos. Se midió el estado de ánimo previo y posterior a la tarea así como la percepción de esfuerzo cada siete minutos y la frecuencia cardíaca cada minuto. Esta información permite utilizar las condiciones de práctica de ejercicio físico para asegurar la calidad durante el ejercicio
The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of music and company on mood and rate of perceived exertion in amateur runners. POMS questionnaire in short version (29 items) and Borg test in CR-10 version were employed to measure psychological variables. The sample was composed by 12 participants (6 men and 6 women). Each participant performed three tests: run alone, run with music or run accompanied, with a speed and time controlled. Each test lasted 21 minutes. Mood state was measured before and after each test. The perceived exertion was measured each seven minutes and the heart rate during each minute. Various changes over mood state and rate of perceived exertion were mainly found because of contextual influences (music or company). This information allows the use of practical conditions in order to ensure the efficacy in the exercise and the adherence to the activity program
O objetivo do estudo foi analizar a influência da música e da presença de companhia sobre a percepção subjetiva do e estado de ânimo em corredores amadores. Para a avaliação dos aspecto psicológicos foi utilizado o Questionário POMS na sua versão reduzida de 29 items e o Teste Borg na sua versão CR-10. A amostra esteve composta por 12 participantes adultos (6 homens e 6 mulheres). Os sujeitos realizaram três testes de corrida em fita: sozinhos, com música e acompanhados, com velocidade e tempo controlados. Cada teste durou 21 minutos. O estado de ânimo previo e posterior a tarefa, bem como a percepção do esforço cada sete minutos e a freqüência cardíaca a cada minuto foram medidos. Foram encontradas mudanças que indicaram a influência do contexto (música ou acompanhamento) no estado de ânimo e a percepção subjetiva do esforço. Esta informação permite usar as condições de prática do exercício físico para garantir a eficácia durante o exercício e a adesão ao programa da atividade física
