Does the nissen fundoplication procedure improve esophageal dysmotility in patients with barrett's esophagus?

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate esophageal dysmotility (ED) and the extent of Barrett's esophagus (BE) before and after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) in patients previously diagnosed with BE and ED. METHODS: twenty-two patients with BE diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy with biopsies and ED diagnosed by conventional esophageal manometry (CEM) were submitted to a LNF, and followed up with clinical evaluations, upper GI endoscopy with biopsies and CEM, for a minimum of 12 months after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: : sixteen patients were male (72.7%) and six were females (27.3%). The mean age was 55.14 (± 15.52) years old. and the mean postoperative follow-up was 26.2 months. The upper GI endoscopy showed that the mean length of BE was 4.09 cm preoperatively and 3.91cm postoperatively (p=0.042). The evaluation of esophageal dysmotility through conventional manometry showed that: the preoperative median of the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (LESRP) was 9.15 mmHg and 13.2 mmHg postoperatively (p=0.006). The preoperative median of the esophageal contraction amplitude was 47.85 mmHg, and 57.50 mmHg postoperatively (p=0.408). Preoperative evaluation of esophageal peristalsis showed that 13.6% of the sample presented diffuse esophageal spasm and 9.1% ineffective esophageal motility. In the postoperative, 4.5% of patients had diffuse esophageal spasm, 13.6% of aperistalsis and 22.7% of ineffective motor activity (p=0.133). CONCLUSION: LNF decreased the BE extension, increased the LES resting pressure, and increased the amplitude of the distal esophageal contraction; however, it was unable to improve ED.

Does the nissen fundoplication procedure improve esophageal dysmotility in patients with barrett's esophagus? / A fundoplicatura a nissen melhora a dismotilidade esofágica em pacientes com esôfago de barrett?

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate esophageal dysmotility (ED) and the extent of Barrett's esophagus (BE) before and after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) in patients previously diagnosed with BE and ED. Methods: twenty-two patients with BE diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy with biopsies and ED diagnosed by conventional esophageal manometry (CEM) were submitted to a LNF, and followed up with clinical evaluations, upper GI endoscopy with biopsies and CEM, for a minimum of 12 months after the surgical procedure. Results : sixteen patients were male (72.7%) and six were females (27.3%). The mean age was 55.14 (± 15.52) years old. and the mean postoperative follow-up was 26.2 months. The upper GI endoscopy showed that the mean length of BE was 4.09 cm preoperatively and 3.91cm postoperatively (p=0.042). The evaluation of esophageal dysmotility through conventional manometry showed that: the preoperative median of the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (LESRP) was 9.15 mmHg and 13.2 mmHg postoperatively (p=0.006). The preoperative median of the esophageal contraction amplitude was 47.85 mmHg, and 57.50 mmHg postoperatively (p=0.408). Preoperative evaluation of esophageal peristalsis showed that 13.6% of the sample presented diffuse esophageal spasm and 9.1% ineffective esophageal motility. In the postoperative, 4.5% of patients had diffuse esophageal spasm, 13.6% of aperistalsis and 22.7% of ineffective motor activity (p=0.133). Conclusion: LNF decreased the BE extension, increased the LES resting pressure, and increased the amplitude of the distal esophageal contraction; however, it was unable to improve ED.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a dismotilidade esofágica (DE) e a extensão do esôfago de Barrett (EB) antes e depois da fundoplicatura laparoscópica a Nissen (FLN) em pacientes previamente diagnosticados com EB e DE. Método: vinte e dois pacientes com EB diagnosticada por endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) com biópsias e DE diagnosticada por manometria esofágica convencional (MEC) foram submetidos a FLN, e acompanhados por avaliações clínicas, endoscopia digestiva alta com biópsias e MEC, por no mínimo 12 meses após o procedimento cirúrgico. Resultados: dezesseis pacientes eram do sexo masculino (72,7%) e seis do feminino (27,3%). A média de idade foi de 55,14 (± 15,52) anos e o seguimento pós-operatório médio foi de 26,2 meses. A endoscopia digestiva alta mostrou que o comprimento médio do EB foi de 4,09 cm no pré-operatório e 3,91 cm no pós-operatório (p = 0,042). A avaliação da dismotilidade esofágica por meio da manometria convencional mostrou que a mediana pré-operatória da pressão de repouso do esfíncter esofágico inferior (PREEI) foi de 9,15 mmHg, e de 13,2 mmHg no pós-operatório (p = 0,006). A mediana pré-operatória da amplitude de contração esofágica foi de 47,85 mmHg, e de 57,50 mmHg no pós-operatório (p = 0,408). A avaliação pré-operatória do peristaltismo esofágico mostrou que 13,6% da amostra apresentava espasmo esofágico difuso e 9,1%, motilidade esofágica ineficaz. No pós-operatório, 4,5% dos pacientes apresentaram espasmo esofágico difuso, 13,6% de aperistalse e 22,7% de atividade motora ineficaz (p = 0,133). Conclusões: a FLN diminuiu a extensão do EB, aumentou a pressão de repouso do EEI e aumentou a amplitude da contração esofágica distal; no entanto, não foi capaz de melhorar a DE.

Omentopexy in Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Early Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of the surgical procedures indicated in the treatment of obesity. The occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in the postoperative period of this surgery is related to a reduction in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone and the presence of gastric residual fundus (RF) associated with increased gastric intraluminal pressure. Fixation of the remaining gastric reservoir to the gastrosplenic and gastrocolic ligaments (omentopexy) has emerged as a technical option to avoid or decrease GER in the postoperative period of LSG. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of GER symptoms, alterations in LES tone, and the presence of RF in obese subjects submitted to LSG with omentopexy. METHODS: Twenty obese patients were submitted to LSG with omentopexy from July 2016 to July 2017 at the Hospital Unimed de Teresina, Brazil and was studied prospectively. Clinical evaluations, including a specific questionnaire (clinical score), upper digestive endoscopy and esophageal manometry, were performed preoperatively and on the 90th postoperative day. Contrast x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were performed after the 90th postoperative day. The Fischer exact test was used to evaluate the correlation between GER symptoms and changes in LES tone or the presence of RF. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the correlation of GER symptoms with the 2 variables together. All analyses adopted a level of significance for α errors >5% (P-value <0.05). RESULTS: The mean clinical score of GER reduced from 6.7 in the preoperative period to 2.7 in the postoperative period. By manometry, there were no significant changes in the LES tone with mean values of 26.04 and 27.07 mm Hg before and after the procedure. RF was identified in 3 cases by contrast radiology. There was no statistical correlation between the changes in the LES tone or the presence of RF with the increase in the clinical score of GER (in cases where this occurred), even when the variables were evaluated together. CONCLUSIONS: LSG with omentopexy improved the clinical score of GER in most cases and did not cause significant changes in the LES tone. The presence of RF did not exacerbate the clinical score of GER.

Estudo prospectivo comparativo de duas modalidades de posicionamento do sensor de phmetria esofágica prolongada: por manometria esofágica e pela viragem do Ph / Comparative prospective study of two positioning modes of 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring: by esophageal manometry and by the pH step-up technique

RACIONAL: Por padronização aceita internacionalmente, posiciona-se o sensor distal de pHmetria esofágica a 5 cm acima da borda superior do esfíncter inferior do esôfago, localizado por manometria esofágica. Porém, vários autores sugerem técnicas alternativas de posicionamento que prescindem da manometria. Dentre essas, destaca-se a da viragem do pH, tema este controverso pela sua duvidosa confiabilidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adequação do posicionamento do sensor distal de pHmetria pela técnica de viragem do pH, considerando-se a presença, o tipo e o grau de erro de posicionamento que tal técnica proporciona, e também estudar a influência da posição adotada pelo paciente durante a técnica da viragem. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados de modo prospectivo, durante o período de 1 ano, 1.031 pacientes. Durante entrevista clínica, foram registrados os dados demográficos e as queixas clínicas apresentadas. Todos foram submetidos a manometria esofágica para localização do esfíncter inferior do esôfago e a técnica da viragem do pH. A identificação do ponto de viragem foi realizada de dois modos distintos, caracterizando dois grupos de estudo: com o paciente sentado (grupo I - 450 pacientes) e com o paciente em decúbito dorsal horizontal (grupo II - 581 pacientes). Após a identificação do ponto de viragem, o sensor distal de pHmetria era posicionado na posição padronizada, baseada na localização manométrica do esfíncter. Registrava-se onde seria posicionado o sensor de pH se fosse adotada a técnica da viragem. Para avaliação da adequação do posicionamento, considerou-se que o erro é representado pela diferença (em centímetros) entre a localização padronizada (manométrica) e a localização que seria adotada caso fosse empregada a técnica da viragem. Considerou-se que o erro seria grosseiro se fosse maior que 2 cm. Analisou-se também o tipo de erro mais freqüente (se acima ou abaixo da posição padronizada). Foram incluídos todos pacientes que aceitaram participar...

BACKGROUND: By internationally accepted standardization, the esophageal pH-meter distal sensor is positioned 5 cm above the superior border of the lower esophageal sphincter, identified by esophageal manometry. However, several authors suggest alternative positioning techniques that leave out the manometry; among such techniques, the pH step-up is the one to be pointed out. This subject is controversial; some publications state that the step-up technique is not reliable while some others consider it reliable. AIMS: Considering the existent controversy and the small number of prospective works with suitable sample and methodology, we have idealized the present study, that aims the evaluation of the suitability of the pH-meter distal sensor positioning based on the step-up technique, by analyzing the presence, the type and the degree of the error of positioning that such technique provides and the influence of the position adopted by the patient during the procedure. METHODS: One thousand and thirty one patients conducted to the esophageal pH-meter procedure were studied in a prospective way. During the clinical interview, the demographic data and the presented clinical complaints were registered. All the patients were submitted to both esophageal manometry in order to localize the lower esophageal sphincter and the pH step-up technique, that consists of the introduction of the pH-meter sensor in the gastric chamber and in the sensor's gradual traction until the pH steps up to levels over 4. The step-up point was identified by two distinct ways, characterizing two study groups: with the sitting patient (group I - 450 patients) and with the patient in supine position (group II - 581 patients). After the step-up point identification, the pH-meter distal sensor was placed in the standard position (based on the sphincter manometric placement). It was registered where the pH sensor would be positioned if the step-up technique were adopted. To...

[Comparative prospective study of two positioning modes of 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring: by esophageal manometry and by the pH step-up technique]. / Estudo prospectivo comparativo de duas modalidades de posicionamento do sensor de phmetria esofágica prolongada: por manometria esofágica e pela viragem do pH.

BACKGROUND: By internationally accepted standardization, the esophageal pH-meter distal sensor is positioned 5 cm above the superior border of the lower esophageal sphincter, identified by esophageal manometry. However, several authors suggest alternative positioning techniques that leave out the manometry; among such techniques, the pH step-up is the one to be pointed out. This subject is controversial; some publications state that the step-up technique is not reliable while some others consider it reliable. AIMS: Considering the existent controversy and the small number of prospective works with suitable sample and methodology, we have idealized the present study, that aims the evaluation of the suitability of the pH-meter distal sensor positioning based on the step-up technique, by analyzing the presence, the type and the degree of the error of positioning that such technique provides and the influence of the position adopted by the patient during the procedure. METHODS: One thousand and thirty one patients conducted to the esophageal pH-meter procedure were studied in a prospective way. During the clinical interview, the demographic data and the presented clinical complaints were registered. All the patients were submitted to both esophageal manometry in order to localize the lower esophageal sphincter and the pH step-up technique, that consists of the introduction of the pH-meter sensor in the gastric chamber and in the sensor's gradual traction until the pH steps up to levels over 4. The step-up point was identified by two distinct ways, characterizing two study groups: with the sitting patient (group I - 450 patients) and with the patient in supine position (group II - 581 patients). After the step-up point identification, the pH-meter distal sensor was placed in the standard position (based on the sphincter manometric placement). It was registered where the pH sensor would be positioned if the step-up technique were adopted. To evaluate the positioning suitability, the error was considered to be represented by the difference (in centimeters) between the suitable placement (manometry) and the one that would be adopted in case the step-up technique were adopted. The positioning error was considered rough if it were larger than 2 cm. The most frequent type of error was also analyzed (if above or below the standard position). RESULTS: It was observed that if the step-up technique were adopted, there would be error in the sensor positioning in 945 patients (91.6%). In terms of error degree, there would be a rough error in 597 (63.2%) cases. Concerning the type of error, the sensor would be positioned below the standard place in 857 (90.7%) patients. As to the interference of the position adopted by the patient during the step-up technique, it was observed that there was no significant difference among the groups of study in any of the analyzed parameters. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The positioning of the pH-meter distal sensor by the step-up technique is not reliable; 2. the step-up technique provides expressive error margin; 3. the most common type of error that such technique mode provides is the placement of the sensor below the standard positioning, which may overestimate the reflux occurrence; 4. there is no influence in the position adopted by the patient during the pH step-up technique procedure, in terms of method efficiency.

As alterações não-evasivas da mucosa esofágica devem ser valorizadas na caracterização endoscópica da esofagite por refluxo? / Non erosive alterations of esophageal mucosa should be considered as endoscopic reflux esophagitis?

Racional - A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico representa afecção de grande importância médico social pela sua elevada e crescente prevalência e por poder prejudicar, de modo considerável, a qualidade de vida do paciente acometido, contudo, existem controvérsias quanto a caracterização da esofagite e sua correlação clínica. Objetivo - Avaliar dados demográficos e características manométricas e pH-métricas do esôfago em diferentes grupos de esofagite e, verificar se as alterações não-erosivas da mucosa esofágica (esofagite não-erosiva) devem ou não ser valorizadas na caracterização endoscópica da esofagite por refluxo. Casuística e Métodos - Foram estudados 238 pacientes com sintomas típicos (pirose e/ou regurgitação) da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico, classificados de acordo com o estudo endoscópico do esofâgo em três grupos:I- sem esofagite; II- com esofagite não-erosiva e III- com esofagite erosiva. Foram correlacionados dados clínicos e o grau da esofagite valorizando-se pirose, regurgitação e manifestações extra-esofágicas. Resultados - Cento e dezesseis pacientes (48,7%) eram do sexo masculino e 122 (51,3%) do feminino. A idade variou de 16 a 80 anos. Cinqënta e oito pacientes não apresentaram esofagite erosiva. Os resultados quanto a pirose, regurgitação e manifestações extra-esofágicas não mostraram diferença significante nos 3 grupos. O estudo manométrico apresentou diferença entre grupos estudados em relação a extensão e o tônus pressórico do esfíncter inferior. No estudo phmétrico, o refluxo gastroesofágico foi caracterizado como patológico em 31 pacientes (53,4%) no grupo I, 39 (76,5%) no II e 93 (72,1%) no grupo III. Conclusões - Os pacientes com sintomatologia típica da doença do refluxo gastro-esofágico mas com alterações não-erosivas da mucosa esofágica, apresentam comportamento funcional da transição esôfago-gástrica mais parecido com aqueles de esofagite erosiva, sugerindo que tais alterações devam ser valorizadas na caracterização endoscópica da esofagite.