[Temporal skin plastic surgery, a possible method for eyelid reconstruction]. / Temporale Stiellappenplastik, eine mögliche Methode der Augenlid-Rekonstruktion.

Eyelid reconstruction of large defects is a difficult undertaking in small animal surgery. Instead of performing the well known Roberts and Bistner or Cuttler and Beard methods, we have introduced the following method for eyelid correction in case of large lid defects. On the temporal part, laterally (about the width of the eye) from the eye an uneffected skin flap is identified, mobilized, rotated and placed into the missing part of the eyelid. Conjunctiva (with slow resorbing) and skin (with non resorbing) 1 metric material are separately adapted. In a large number of patients this method has been proven to be superior to the other methods mentioned.

Echocardiographic changes in the development of the athlete' s heart in 9 to 20-year-old male subjects.

The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to estimate the age at which specific traits of the "athlete's heart" first appear and how they evolve from the beginning of regular physical training until young adulthood in healthy active males. Male athletes (n=389) and non-athletes (n=55) aged between 9 and 20 years were examined by two-dimensionally guided M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. Intragroup differences were examined by t-tests for independent samples between age groups of two years each. Morphologic variables were related to body size by using ratio indices in which the power terms of numerator and denominator were matched. Relative left ventricular muscle mass (LVMM) was significantly larger in the athletic males at age of 11-12, and this significant difference was maintained with advancing age. Most of this increase of LVMM could be attributed to the increase in wall thickness that became significantly manifest first in the 13- to 14-year-old athletic subjects but was demonstrable in all the other groups. A significantly larger left ventricular internal diameter was only found in the age-group of 15-16. Fractional shortening percentage (FS%) did not show any change, while resting heart rate was decreased in our athletic groups.

Characteristics influencing changes in aerobic performance of children aged 7-9.

Interpretation of the actual level of aerobic endurance in a growing child is difficult. Endurance capacity per se is influenced by a number of factors, e.g. by genetic endowment, developmental rate, body composition and habitual physical activity. The respective effects of these factors cannot be distinctly separated from one another, so their particular role is not clearly definable in the various age periods. The aim of our investigation was to define the actual level of aerobic endurance performance in children aged 7-9, and to analyse the relevant factors that may affect this kind of performance according to the different level of sport activities. Two primary school classes (N=42) were selected for the experiment. Both groups had physical education classes every day (five times a week). One group (AG, N=31) consisted of children taking part in regular sport courses at least twice a week (e.g. basket ball, karate, triathlon swimming and gymnastics), as well, the other group (NAG, N=11) served as comparison group. Aerobic performance was estimated by measuring cardiorespiratory response during a Jaeger treadmill run using a "vita maxima" (all-out) testing protocol. The subjects were measured in the Laboratory for Spiroergometry of the Hungarian University of Physical Education twice, in 1997 and 1998. Body composition was assessed by the Drinkwater-Ross [4] body mass fractionation technique. Robustness of the body was described by using the plastic index (PLX) of Conrad's growth type [2], morphological age (MORF AGE) was estimated by using the method of Mészáros and Mohácsi [5]. Exercise performance was studied in the laboratory by using a Jaeger 6000 LE model treadmill and a Jaeger mu-DATASPIR model gas analyser. The functional status of the subjects' cardiopulmonary system was estimated by spiroergometric parameters and total mechanical work (WORK). The AG group had a better endurance performance in 1998 than that of non-athletic group. A factor analytic study (principal component method) of the employed variables revealed that the higher level of endurance fitness in the athletic group was not only affected by growth in size, but also by an increased level of cardiorespiratory performance capacity.

Effects of intense "stretching"-flexibility training on the mechanical profile of the knee extensors and on the range of motion of the hip joint.

The sample for the study involved 12 volunteer male, active but not specially trained secondary school students. They averaged 15.33 years with a mean height of 168.20 cm, and a mean mass of 55.08 kg. Changes, if any, in the mechanical properties (MVC, half-relaxation time, fast isometric contraction, concentric contraction of the knee extensors) and flexibility of the hip joints were studied. The subjects executed passive, purely slow stretching as well as range-of-motion flexibility exercises for the knee extensors and the hip joints for 7 weeks three times a week. Pre- and post-measurements for flexibility and stride frequency on the spot showed significant improvement as did half-relaxation time, fast isometric force development, and speed of concentric contractions when low loads were to be overcome. In addition to studies in which improvements reported were attributed to and related to myoelectrical, reflex, and connective tissue changes, in the present study it was concluded that stretching exercises influence intrinsic muscle mechanical character along with a simultaneous improvement in range of motion of the joints exercised.

Fibrous histiocytoma of the corneoscleral limbus.

A 21-year-old white woman had an apparently benign fibrous histiocytoma at the corneoscleral limbus. By histopathologic and ultrastructural studies, the tumor consisted of lipid-containing histiocytes and fibrocytic cells arranged in a storiform configuration with a collagenous interstitium. After an excision, the lesion gradually decreased in size and did not recur in a five-month follow-up period.