[Gene pool of residents of northeastern Eurasia in light of data on polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA. I. New data on polymorphism of restriction sites of the D-loop of mtDNA in aboriginal populations of the Caucasus and Siberia]. / Genofond naseleniia severo-vostochnoi evrazii v svete dannykh o polimorfizm mitokhondrial'nom DNA. I. Novye dannye o polimorfizme saitov restriktsii D-petli mtDNK v korennom naselenii Kavkaza i Sibiri.

New data about eleven polymorphic sites of restriction in the D-loop of mtDNA revealed with the Ava II, BamH I, EcoR V, Hae III, Kpn I, Rsa I, and Sau3A I restriction enzymes in native populations of the Caucasus (N = 40) and Siberia (N = 44) are presented. A comparison of these groups with each other and with common data for western and eastern Europe as well as for central and eastern Asia reveals a large similarity of all the population groups of Eurasia in respect to the frequency of each polymorphic site separately. The interpopulation differentiation of frequency of polymorphic restriction sites in Eurasia is low and identical at such different hierarchical levels of population structure as ethnic group and extended regional population group. An analysis of differences between sites in the frequency of the presence of restriction sites for BamH I, EcoR V, Hae III, and Sau3A I and the absence of sites for Ava II, Kpn I, and Rsa I at definite loci of the nucleotide chain allowed determination of the region of equilibrium between direct, site-generating, and reverse mutations to be 0.43q. Among eleven polymorphic restriction sites analyzed here, only polymorphism in the Hae III site at the position 16,517 in the population of Eurasia was characterized with frequencies close to equilibrium that determined the extremely large evolutionary age of this polymorphism.