Artificial intelligence-based MRI radiomics and radiogenomics in glioma.

The specific genetic subtypes that gliomas exhibit result in variable clinical courses and the need to involve multidisciplinary teams of neurologists, epileptologists, neurooncologists and neurosurgeons. Currently, the diagnosis of gliomas pivots mainly around the preliminary radiological findings and the subsequent definitive surgical diagnosis (via surgical sampling). Radiomics and radiogenomics present a potential to precisely diagnose and predict survival and treatment responses, via morphological, textural, and functional features derived from MRI data, as well as genomic data. In spite of their advantages, it is still lacking standardized processes of feature extraction and analysis methodology among different research groups, which have made external validations infeasible. Radiomics and radiogenomics can be used to better understand the genomic basis of gliomas, such as tumor spatial heterogeneity, treatment response, molecular classifications and tumor microenvironment immune infiltration. These novel techniques have also been used to predict histological features, grade or even overall survival in gliomas. In this review, workflows of radiomics and radiogenomics are elucidated, with recent research on machine learning or artificial intelligence in glioma.

Blueberry anthocyanins improve liver fibrosis by regulating NCOA4 ubiquitination through TRIM7 to affect ferroptosis of hepatic stellate cells.

This study aims to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of anthocyanin in improving liver fibrosis through ferroptosis, providing a basis for drug development and targeted therapy. In this study, a mouse model of liver fibrosis was established using CCl4, and the anthocyanin treatment groups were administered 100 mg/kg anthocyanin daily via gavage. Furthermore, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess liver fibrosis indicators and liver injury markers. Histopathological methods were used to confirm the morphology of liver injury in different treatment groups. The effects of anthocyanins on ferroptosis markers, NCOA4 and FTH1 expression, were examined through qRT-PCR, WB, and Co-IP. Confocal microscopy was used to validate the colocalization of ferritin and lysosomes. A differential expression model of TRIM7 was constructed to verify its impact on the progression of liver fibrosis. The present study demonstrates the hepatoprotective effects of anthocyanins in liver fibrosis, highlighting their ability to enhance hepatic stellate cell (HSC) ferroptosis and regulate ferritin autophagy. Moreover, TRIM7 is identified as a key mediator of anthocyanin-induced regulation of hepatic stellate cells activation for liver fibrosis treatment through modulation of ferroautophagy. Mechanistic investigations further reveal that TRIM7 exerts its influence on the process of ferroautophagy by controlling NCOA4 ubiquitination. Our study discovered that anthocyanins could improve liver fibrosis by regulating NCOA4 ubiquitination through TRIM7, thereby affecting hepatic stellate cells' ferroptosis levels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This was the first study to demonstrate that anthocyanins can improve the progression of liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cell (HSC) ferroptosis. Anthocyanins could affect the content of Fe2+ by promoting ferroautophagy in HSCs, thereby promoting the level of ferroptosis. This study demonstrates for the first time that anthocyanins can inhibit the expression of TRIM7 and then affect the ubiquitination of NCOA4 to regulate the level of ferritin autophagy and ferroptosis.

Anthocyanins improve liver fibrosis in mice by regulating the autophagic flux level of hepatic stellate cells by mmu_circ_0000623.

Liver fibrosis is a key step in the progression of various chronic liver diseases to liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer, it is also an important link affecting prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of anthocyanins on liver fibrosis and the molecular mechanism of mmu_circ_0000623 in anthocyanin therapy. In this study, CCL4 was used to build a mouse liver fibrosis model, and the treatment groups were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of anthocyanins daily by gavage. Liver fibrosis indicators, macrophage polarization markers, and liver injury markers were further detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Morphological verification of liver injury in different treatment groups was performed by histopathological method. A mouse hepatic stellate cell (HSC) model and a mouse liver fibrosis model were constructed to verify the expression of circ_0000623, miR-351-5p, and TFEB. Transfected with mRFP-GFP-LC3 to detect the autophagic flux of HSCs. We found that 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg of anthocyanins could significantly reduce the degree of liver fibrosis in mice. In addition, anthocyanins can inhibit the proliferation, activation, and migration ability of HSCs. circ_0000623 was lowly expressed in mice with liver fibrosis, and anthocyanin treatment could promote its increased expression. Further testing found that anthocyanins could reverse the blocked autophagic flux induced by PDGF or CCL4. This effect is achieved by regulating the expression of TFEB by competitive adsorption of miR-351-5p. Anthocyanins could treat liver fibrosis by modulating circ_0000623/miR-351-5p/TFEB-mediated changes in HSC autophagic flux.

Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Pathological Features of Gliosarcoma.

Objective: To investigate the clinical, imaging, and pathological features of gliosarcoma. Methods: The clinical data of 14 patients with gliosarcoma confirmed by surgery and pathology at our hospital between 2010 and 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results: In all 14 cases, the gliosarcoma was located in the supratentorial brain parenchyma and involved a single lesion. There were more male patients (64.3%) than female patients (35.7%), and 57.1% of all the patients were 40-60 years of age. The prognosis of all 14 patients was poor, and the average survival time was approximately seven months. The computed tomography findings revealed mostly mixed density lesions, and some cases were complicated with bleeding. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed irregularly shaped mass lesions of different sizes, with uneven or circular enhancement. Cystic degeneration and necrosis could be seen in all the masses, some of which showed signs of bleeding and were surrounded by different degrees of edema and space-occupying effects. The pathological examination revealed that the tumors had bidirectional differentiation of the glial and sarcoma components, while the immunohistochemistry examination revealed glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and reticular fiber-positive staining in the sarcoma. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of gliosarcoma are nonspecific, but imaging reveals that the condition has certain characteristics, typically consisting of a huge supratentorial mass, with an irregular heterogeneous periphery or obvious mass-like augmentation after enhancement. The final diagnosis depends on the results of a pathological examination.

Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging ectopic posterior pituitary hyperintense signal in pituitary macroadenoma.

Objective: When the lesions in the sellar region are large, they can involve both the inside and outside the sella, which brings challenges to the differential diagnosis of pituitary macroadenoma and lesions other than macroadenoma. Therefore, this study explored the diagnostic value of an ectopic posterior pituitary hyperintense signal (EPPHS) in pituitary macroadenoma and its possible causes. Methods: The clinical and imaging data of 131 patients with sellar tumors or tumor-like lesions involving both intrasellar and extrasellar regions in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from February 2011 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnostic value of EPPHS in pituitary macroadenoma was analyzed. The differences in clinical and imaging indexes between the EPPHS-positive group and the EPPHS-negative group were compared. Results: These 131 cases of sellar tumors or tumor-like lesions involving both intrasellar and extrasellar regions included 91 cases of pituitary macroadenoma and 40 cases of lesions other than macroadenoma. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that EPPHS had a diagnostic value in diagnosing pituitary macroadenoma [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.857, P = 0.0001]. Compared with the EPPHS negative group, the median prolactin level in the EPPHS positive group was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Through ROC curve analysis, prolactin value was found to be of diagnostic value for EPPHS (AUC = 0.612, P = 0.0312). Conclusion: In sellar tumors or tumor-like lesions involving both intrasellar and extrasellar regions, the appearance of EPPHS is helpful in the diagnosis of pituitary macroadenoma. The formation of EPPHS may be related to injuries to the pituitary stalk.

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Paragonimiasis in Children.

Objective: To investigate the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) manifestations of cerebral paragonimiasis (CP) in children and to improve the understanding of the disease. Methods: The cranial CT and MRI data of 12 children with positive intradermal tests for Paragonimus-specific antigens were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, the lesion locations, morphology, and imaging characteristics were analyzed. Results: The lesions were located in the cerebral parenchyma in 12 cases, with 10 in the supratentorial area and two in the subtentorial area, among which three cases included involvement of the meninges. The morphology of the lesions was mainly nodular and striated, with clear or indistinct borders and varying degrees of surrounding edema. The lesions showed isodense or slightly hyperdense opacities on the CT scans, heterogeneous equal or slightly decreased signal intensities on the T1-weighted images (T1WI), heterogeneous equal or slightly increased signal intensities on the T2-weighted images (T2WI), and equal or slightly increased signal intensities on the diffusion-weighted images (DWI) in MRIs. In four cases, the cyst wall showed equal T1 and short T2 signals, and in six cases, the characteristic "tunnel sign" and "worm-eaten sign" were visible. The contrast-enhanced MRI showed strip-shaped enhancement in five cases, nodular or ring-shaped enhancement in three cases, linear enhancement in two cases, and uneven enhancement in two cases. The meninges adjacent to the lesions were thickened with significant enhancement in four cases. Conclusion: CP was mostly located in the cerebral parenchyma with involvement of the adjacent meninges. CT and MRI scans had certain imaging characteristics, and the MRI may particularly be of great value for the diagnosis of CP.