Multi-Scale Attention Network for Building Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images.

The precise building extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images holds significant application for urban planning, resource management, and environmental conservation. In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have garnered substantial attention for their adeptness in learning and extracting features, becoming integral to building extraction methodologies and yielding noteworthy performance outcomes. Nonetheless, prevailing DNN-based models for building extraction often overlook spatial information during the feature extraction phase. Additionally, many existing models employ a simplistic and direct approach in the feature fusion stage, potentially leading to spurious target detection and the amplification of internal noise. To address these concerns, we present a multi-scale attention network (MSANet) tailored for building extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images. In our approach, we initially extracted multi-scale building feature information, leveraging the multi-scale channel attention mechanism and multi-scale spatial attention mechanism. Subsequently, we employed adaptive hierarchical weighting processes on the extracted building features. Concurrently, we introduced a gating mechanism to facilitate the effective fusion of multi-scale features. The efficacy of the proposed MSANet was evaluated using the WHU aerial image dataset and the WHU satellite image dataset. The experimental results demonstrate compelling performance metrics, with the F1 scores registering at 93.76% and 77.64% on the WHU aerial imagery dataset and WHU satellite dataset II, respectively. Furthermore, the intersection over union (IoU) values stood at 88.25% and 63.46%, surpassing benchmarks set by DeepLabV3 and GSMC.

Psychiatric wards of Soochow Elizabeth Blake Hospital (1898-1937): a missing piece in the history of modern Chinese psychiatry.

The history of modern psychiatry in China began at the end of the nineteenth century, as a result of the work of missionaries. Soochow was one of the first cities to establish a hospital for the treatment of mental patients, but historians knew little about it. It provided a valuable service from 1898 to 1937. In the 1930s, there were 200 beds in the psychiatry and neurology section, making it the most influential psychiatric hospital in East China. After Soochow was occupied by the Japanese army in 1937, the hospital was destroyed and shut down.

Computed tomography-based texture analysis of bladder cancer: differentiating urothelial carcinoma from micropapillary carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to determine the feasibility of using computed tomography-based texture analysis (CTTA) in differentiating between urothelial carcinomas (UC) of the bladder from micropapillary carcinomas (MPC) of the bladder. METHODS: Regions of interests (ROIs) of computerized tomography (CT) images of 33 MPCs and 33 UCs were manually segmented and saved. Custom MATLAB code was used to extract voxel information corresponding to the ROI. The segmented tumors were input to a pre-existing radiomics platform with a CTTA panel. A total of 58 texture metrics were extracted using four different texture extraction techniques and statistically analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test to determine the differences between UCs and MPCs. RESULTS: Of the 58 texture metrics extracted using the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and gray level difference matrix (GLDM), 28 texture metrics were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for differences in tumor textures and 27 texture metrics were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for peritumoral fat textures. The remaining nine metrics extracted using histogram and fast Fourier transform analyses did not show significant differences between the textures of the tumors and their peritumoral fat. CONCLUSIONS: CTTA shows that MPC have a more heterogeneous texture compared to UC. As visual discrimination of MPC from UC from clinical CT scans are difficult, results from this study suggest that tumor heterogeneity extracted using GLCM and GLDM may be a good imaging aid in segregating MPC from UC. This tool can aid clinicians in further sub-classifying bladder cancers on routine imaging, a process which has potential to alter treatment and patient care.

Magnetometry using fluorescence of sodium vapor.

Magnetic resonance of sodium fluorescence is studied with varying laser intensity, duty cycle, and field strength. A magnetometer based on a sodium vapor cell filled with He buffer gas is demonstrated, using a single amplitude-modulated laser beam. With a 589 nm laser tuned at the D1 or D2 line, the magnetic field is inferred from the variation of fluorescence. A magnetic field sensitivity of 150 pT/Hz is achieved at the D1 line. The work is an important step toward sensitive remote magnetometry with mesospheric sodium.

Sodium guide star laser pulsed at Larmor frequency: erratum.

We correct an improper statement on the geomagnetic field of an astronomical telescope site in our original paper [Opt. Lett.42, 4351 (2017)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.42.004351].

Sodium guide star laser pulsed at Larmor frequency.

589 nm lasers pulsed at Larmor frequency, several hundreds of kilohertz, can increase the brightness of a sodium guide star and are required in remote magnetometry with mesospheric sodium. By amplification of a continuous-wave single-frequency 1178 nm laser in a pulse-pumped Raman fiber amplifier and frequency doubling in an external cavity, high-power pulsed 589 nm laser at Larmor frequency is obtained for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The pulse format is mainly determined by the 1120 nm Raman pump laser, whose pulse repetition rate and duty cycle are adjustable. Active pulse shaping is applied to minimize the relaxation spike at the leading edge of the pulses. A reduction in pulse width and conversion efficiency from 1120 to 1178 nm is observed in the backwardly pumped Raman fiber amplifier due to the pump pulse transition effect. A 589 nm laser pulsed at a 350 kHz repetition rate and 20% duty cycle with average power up to 17 W is demonstrated as an operation example intended for a geomagnetic field of 0.5 G.

Improving sodium laser guide star brightness by polarization switching.

Optical pumping with circularly polarized light has been used to enhance the brightness of sodium laser guide star. But the benefit is reduced substantially due to the precession of sodium atoms in geomagnetic field. Switching the laser between left and right circular polarization at the Larmor frequency is proposed to improve the return. With ESO's laser guide star system at Paranal as example, numerical simulation shows that the return flux is increased when the angle between geomagnetic field and laser beam is larger than 60°, as much as 50% at 90°. The proposal is significant since most astronomical observation is at angle between 60° and 90° and it only requires a minor addition to the delivery optics of present laser system.

Actively mode-locked Raman fiber laser.

Active mode-locking of Raman fiber laser is experimentally investigated for the first time. An all fiber connected and polarization maintaining loop cavity of ~500 m long is pumped by a linearly polarized 1120 nm Yb fiber laser and modulated by an acousto-optic modulator. Stable 2 ns width pulse train at 1178 nm is obtained with modulator opening time of > 50 ns. At higher power, pulses become longer, and second order Raman Stokes could take place, which however can be suppressed by adjusting the open time and modulation frequency. Transient pulse evolution measurement confirms the absence of relaxation oscillation in Raman fiber laser. Tuning of repetition rate from 392 kHz to 31.37 MHz is obtained with harmonic mode locking.

[From custody to scientific therapy: Wei Yu-lin's contribution to the founding of the Peiping Municipal Psychopathic Hospital].

In August 1908, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the Qing Dynasty established a pauper reformatory, attached to it was a lunatic asylum, which was the first of its kind set up by the Government. In December 1917, with the restructuring of the pauper reformatory, the asylum became an independent organization called asylum for the maniac which was jointly reorganized by Peping Union Medical College (PUMC) and the Bureau of Public Welfare and renamed it as Peiping Municipal Psychopathic Hospital, with Wei Yu-lin as the director. Led by Dr. Wei Yun-lin, tremendous efforts were made to improve sanitary condition and physical comfort of the patients. Professional treatment system was set up, including psychiatric social service, occupational therapy, and psychotherapy, symbolizing the transformation of an old asylum to a modern mental hospital.

[Tsan Ting and his practice on psychoanalysis].

Tsan Ting entered the Department of Psychology of Nanjing Central University in 1931 and graduated in 1935, then went to the private Peking Union Medical College for graduate studies, where he received specialized training in psychoanalysis. Later Tsan Ting stayed in the neurology and public health department and worked in the mental health outpatients in Peiping Established First Health Offices, private Beijing Yuying Secondary School, the Peking Renli Carpet Factory there he applied psychoanalysis to cure patients. In 1940, Tsan Ting left Peiping and went to Chongqing, where he became the head of Mental Health Section of the Central Health Academy. During this period, Tsan Ting applied psychoanalysis to case investigation and child behavior guidance. He not only applied psychoanalysis in practice, but also studied psychoanalysis with an objective, complex-evidenced and critical attitude and was a proponent for psychoanalysis in a scientific and popular form. He introduced psychiatry and psychosomaticism associated with psychoanalysis and pushed forward the establishment of medical psychology in our country. Tsan Ting is the practitioner, researcher and proponent of psychoanalysis as well as the promoter of psychology.