ABSTRACT
In aerospace environments, high reliability and low power consumption of chips are essential. To greatly reduce power consumption, the latches of a chip need to enter the power down operation. In this operation, employing non-volatile (NV) latches can retain circuit states. Moreover, a latch can be hit by a radiative particle in the aerospace environment, which can cause a severe soft error in the worst case. This paper presents a NV-latch based on resistive random-access memories (ReRAMs) for NV and robust applications. The proposed NV-latch is radiation-hardened with low overhead and can restore values after power down operation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed NV-latch can completely provide radiation hardening capability against single-event upsets (SEUs) and can restore values after power down operation. The proposed NV-latch can reduce the number of transistors in the storage cells by 50% on average compared with the other similar solutions.
ABSTRACT
Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5), as an inflammation-inducing factor, increases the prevalence of lung injury. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect and mechanism of aerobic exercise on PM2.5 exposure-induced lung injury. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary+PM2.5 exposure, exercise+PM2.5 exposure, sedentary, and exercise groups. All rats in the exercise-related groups underwent 8-week aerobic interval treadmill training (5daysweek-1, 1hday-1). PM-exposed rats were exposed to ambient PM2.5 (6h day-1) for 3weeks after the 8-week exercise intervention. Then, ventilation function, histopathological changes, and inflammation responses of pulmonary tissue were examined. Results showed that PM2.5 exposure induced lung injury as manifested by decreased pulmonary function, abnormal histopathological changes, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-1α). Aerobic exercise alleviated the airway obstruction, reduced respiratory muscle strength, bronchial mucosal exfoliation, ultrastructure damage, and inflammatory responses induced by PM2.5 in exercise-related groups. The benefits of exercise were related with the downregulation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the subsequent inhibition of the pathways of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Thus, pre-exercise training may be an effective way to protect against PM2.5-induced lung inflammatory injury in rats.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that increases the risk of developing health problems including respiratory disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. In college students, as well as impacting physical health, obesity can also affect mental health and even students' future careers. Aerobic exercise is an effective way of achieving weight loss; however, for some students, it cannot be maintained over the long term. This study aimed to observe and analyze the influence of high-intensity intermittent training on glycolipid metabolism in obese male college students. METHODS: A total of 300 obese male college students were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into the study group and the control group (150 cases in each group). Over 12 weeks, the control group was given routine aerobic exercise intervention, while the study group was given high-intensity intermittent training. The blood sugar level, blood lipid level, and body measurements of the students were measured before and after intervention and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of intervention, the body weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), serum level of insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) of the college students were significantly lower than before intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in body weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, BMI, or BFR between the two groups (P>0.05). The study group had significantly lower serum levels of TC, TG, and insulin than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise and high-intensity intermittent training both significantly improved the body shape of obese male college students. However, high-intensity intermittent training improved the glycolipid metabolism of obese male college students to a greater extent than aerobic exercise did.
