Impact of extended nursing model after multi-disciplinary treatment on young patient with post-stroke.

BACKGROUND: Stroke has become one of the most serious life-threatening diseases due to its high morbidity, disability, recurrence and mortality rates. AIM: To explore the intervention effect of multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) extended nursing model on negative emotions and quality of life of young patients with post-stroke. METHODS: A total of 60 young stroke patients who were hospitalized in the neurology department of our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group used the conventional care model and the experimental group used the MDT extended nursing model. After the in-hospital and 3-mo post-discharge interventions, the differences in negative emotions and quality of life scores between the two groups were evaluated and analyzed at the time of admission, at the time of discharge and after discharge, respectively. RESULTS: There are no statistically significant differences in the negative emotions scores between the two groups at admission, while there are statistically significant differences in the negative emotions scores within each group at admission and discharge, at discharge and post-discharge, and at discharge and post-discharge. In addition, the negative emotions scores were all statistically significant at discharge and after discharge when compared between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in quality of life scores at the time of admission between the two groups, and the difference between quality of life scores at the time of admission and discharge, at the time of discharge and post-discharge, and at the time of admission and post-discharge for each group of patients was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The MDT extended nursing mode can improve the negative emotion of patients and improve their quality of life. Therefore, it can be applied in future clinical practice and is worthy of promotion.

Eukaryotic initiation factor 3b regulates the development and progression of breast cancer.

The tumorigenesis of breast cancer is a complex process involving multiple factors, among which abnormal gene expression is a key event. Nevertheless, studies on the regulation of gene expression have focused primarily on the transcriptional level, although the abnormal translation regulation is also closely related to tumorigenesis. Accumulating evidence has indicated the dysregulation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) subunits in a variety of tumors, which contributes to the malignant transformation, tumor growth, metastasis, and the prognosis of patients. In this study, we examined the expression of eIF3b and found an upregulation of eIF3b in breast cancer cell lines as well as tumor tissues. In addition, the expression of eIF3b was related to the tumor stage with highest eIF3b expression in TNM stage III-IV and/or lymph node metastatic breast cancer. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that eIF3b knockdown markedly inhibited tumor hyperplasia as well as the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, while eIF3b overexpression showed the opposite effects. Importantly, eIF3b silencing inhibited the growth and pulmonary metastasis of xenograft tumor in breast cancer mouse model. Mechanistically, we found that eIF3b downregulation suppressed the malignant development of breast cancer by modulating Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Collectively, our data suggested that eIF3b might not only participate in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer, but also promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Thus, eIF3b may service as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with breast cancer.

Total Barley Maiya Alkaloids Prevent Increased Prolactin Levels Caused by Antipsychotic Drugs and Reduce Dopamine Receptor D2 via Epigenetic Mechanisms.

Background: The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) plays an important role in the increased prolactin (PRL) levels associated with the pathogenesis of antipsychotic drugs (ADs). Elevated prolactin levels can affect people's quality of life. Maiya alkaloids has been used to treat diseases associated with high PRL levels. Maiya, is a processed product of the mature fruits of Hordeum vulgare L. (a gramineous plant) after sprouting and drying and also a common Chinese herbal drug used in the clinic, is traditionally used to treat abnormal lactation, and is currently used clinically for the treatment of abnormal PRL levels. Aims: Epigenetic mechanisms can be related to DRD2 expression. We investigated the role of DRD2 methylation in the induction of PRL expression by ADs and the mechanism underlying the effects of total barley maiya alkaloids (TBMA) on this induction. Methods: The methylation rate of DRD2 in 46 people with schizophrenia who took risperidone was detected by MassARRAY sequencing. Humans were long term users of Ris. Seventy Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into seven groups. A rat model of risperidone-induced PRL was established, and the potential protective effects of TBMA and its components [e.g., hordenine (Hor)] on these increased PRL levels were investigated. The PRL concentration was detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PRL, DRD2, and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1, DNMT3α, and DNMT3ß) protein and mRNA expression were detected by western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The positive rate of methylation in the DRD2 promoter region of rats was detected by MassARRAY sequencing. Results: Clinical studies showed that the positive rate of DRD2 methylation associated with increased PRL levels induced by ADs was significantly higher than in the normal prolactinemia (NPRL) group. In vivo and vitro, TBMA and Hor inhibited this induction of PRL expression and increased DRD2 expression by inhibiting the expression of the DNMTs. Conclusions: TBMA and hordenine increased DRD2 expression by inhibiting DNMT-dependent DRD2 methylation.

Testicular injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection may be neglected: An assessment from scRNA-seq profiling and protein detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme II.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is outbreaking globally. SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) and causes multiple-organ injury. Autopsy studies indicated that the testis of patients with COVID-19 exhibited various degrees of spermatogenic cell reduction and injury, but the composition of ACE2-expressing cells and their proportion in the testes have remained to be determined. Recent clinical evidence suggested that the ratio of male sex hormones in males with COVID-19 was significantly changed. The present study aimed to explore whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to damage the male reproductive system. For this, the ACE2-expressing cell composition and proportion in male testes were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The single-cell RNA-seq data indicated that ACE2 mRNA was highly expressed in myoid cells, Leydig cells and spermatogenic cells, accounting for 5.45, 1.24 and 0.423% of adult testicular cells. ACE2 mRNA-expressing Sertoli cells, spermatogenic cells and myoid cells accounted for 5.00, 0.56 and 0.73% of infant testicular cells. IHC demonstrated that ACE2 protein was also highly expressed in testicular tissues. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that testicular injury may be missed by clinicians in patients with COVID-19 and male reproductive function should be closely followed up.

Bay-Region Annulative π-Extension of o-Iodobiphenyls with Aliphatic Anhydrides Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2.

Bay-region annulative π-extension of o-iodobiphenyls with aliphatic anhydrides was developed. Many o-iodobiphenyls and aliphatic anhydrides can react well under the optimized conditions. A lot of phenanthrol derivatives can be efficiently prepared by this approach. The control experiments support that dibenzopalladacyclopentadienes may be the reaction intermediates.

Synthesis of Tribenzo[b,d,f]azepines via Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation Reaction of 2-Iodobiphenyls with 2-Halogenoanilines.

A palladium-catalyzed annulation reaction of 2-iodobiphenyls with 2-halogenoanilines has been developed. A variety of 2-iodobiphenyls and 2-halogenoanilines can undergo this transformation. Diversified tribenzo[b,d,f]azepine derivatives can be synthesized in moderate to excellent yields according to this method.

Sexual and reproductive health knowledge and practice among students in six senior high schools in three regions in East China / 上海预防医学

Objective:To know the status of knowledge， attitude and behavior related to sexual and reproductive health in high school students in three regions of East China， and to provide a reference for adolescent reproductive health education. Methods:From August to October in 2019， 614 high school students were invited from 6 high schools in Jiading District and Yangpu District， Shanghai and Taicang City， Jiangsu to participate in this study. We conducted an anonymous self-questionnaire survey using structured questionnaires based on adolescent reproductive health knowledge and literacy. Results:The male to female ratio of all high school students in the study was 1∶1.25， and the average age was （16.1±0.9） years old. The score of pregnancy and abortion knowledge was the lowest among the reproductive health knowledge scores， and the differences among the three regions were statistically significant （P=0.002）. Male high school students （P<0.001）， students in the school with reproductive health education base （P=0.008） and students who wanted to obtain reproductive health education （P=0.002） were more acceptable to premarital sex. The high school students obtained adolescent health knowledge mainly through the internet or mobile phones， and had a demand for reproductive health related services. Conclusion:High school students in the three regions have a more open attitude towards premarital sex， but have a poor grasp of correct and efficient contraceptive knowledge. Responsible departments need to strengthen the health education of relevant knowledge， and at the same time to find new forms of education to effectively improve the level of adolescent reproductive health.

Relationship between breastfeeding knowledge， self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding behavior among postpartum mothers / 上海预防医学

Objective:To explore the relationship between breastfeeding knowledge， self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding behavior among mothers of one-month old babies. Methods:Random sampling method was conducted for choosing 5 out of 13 community service health centers in Jiading district of Shanghai. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the mothers. Results:A total of 456 valid questionnaires were received， the full score of breastfeeding knowledge was set at 60， with an average of 47.17±5.65， ranging from 12 to 60. The full score of self-efficacy was set at 70， with an average of 47.70±14.48， ranging from 14 to 70. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of one-month old infants was 55.3%（252/456）. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that mothers with higher scores of breastfeeding knowledge had significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding （OR=1.717， 95%CI 1.034-2.851， P=0.037）. Those with higher scores of breastfeeding self-efficacy also had significantly higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding （OR=5.736， 95%CI 3.455-9.522， P=0.001）. Conclusions:The breastfeeding knowledge and self-efficacy of mothers of one-month old babies were significantly associated with the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Medical staff should strengthen the delivery and cultivation of breastfeeding knowledge and skills for mothers to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy， and ultimately promote the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychological Effects of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Young Adults / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China. @*Methods@#An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included. @*Results@#In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (P<0.001). PNE was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (sleep quality) (P=0.011). The SES score was lower and the SDS was higher (P<0.001) in the PNE group than in those without PNE. @*Conclusions@#In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychological Effects of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Young Adults / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China. @*Methods@#An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included. @*Results@#In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (P<0.001). PNE was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (sleep quality) (P=0.011). The SES score was lower and the SDS was higher (P<0.001) in the PNE group than in those without PNE. @*Conclusions@#In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.

ω-3PUFAs Improve Cognitive Impairments Through Ser133 Phosphorylation of CREB Upregulating BDNF/TrkB Signal in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a serious mental condition and is associated with cognitive impairments. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the learning- and memory-related molecules found in the CNS and its level was reported to be reduced in SZ brain, while ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) could improve SZ symptoms, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. Using MK801 injection-induced SZ rat model, we here found that supplementation with ω-3PUFAs improved the levels of p-CREB, BDNF, and p-TrkB in the brain of SZ rats, and restore hippocampal neuronal damage, thereby reducing cognitive impairments in SZ rats. However, overexpression of AAV9/CREB S133A (CREB inactivated mutation) downregulated BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and remarkably abolished the preventive effect of ω-3PUFAs in MK801-induced schizophrenia. Interestingly, AAV9/CREB S133D (CREB activated mutation) improved synaptic dysfunctions and cognitive defects in MK801 rats. In conclusion, these findings indicate that MK801-induced SZ lesions dephosphorylate CREB at Ser133 site, leading to neuron damage, and ω-3PUFAs improve SZ cognitive impairments by upregulating the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway, which provides new clues for the mechanism of SZ cognitive impairments, and a basis for therapeutic intervention.

Study on the levels and risk factors of Vitamin D from preconception to pregnancy / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the levels of serum Vitamin D(VD) from preconception to pregnancy in Jiading district of Shanghai, and explore the risk factors of VD concentration deficiency in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Methods A total of 94 women who planned to have antenatal care and delivery in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiading district of Shanghai from September 2016 to December 2018 were recruited as the study participants. Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was used to examine the concentration of women’s serum VD from preconception to pregnancy. A total of 282 serum samples were detected. Results The prevalence of VD deficiency among 94 women from preconception to pregnancy were 40.4%,57.4% and 48.9% respectively. Results of the mixed linear model showed that women who had dyed or permed hair within the past 1 year had significantly lower serum VD levels during pregnancy (P<0.05), and women who often drank milk and ate deep-sea fish during pregnancy had higher VD levels during pregnancy (P<0.05). Conclusions VD deficiency was common among women in Jiading district of Shanghai, and it should be emphasized to supplement VD before and during pregnancy.

Exercise behavior and its relevant factors in 3 099 pregnant women during pregnancy / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the current situation of the exercise, relevant knowledge and impact factors in pregnant women during pregnancy, providing references to instruct pregnant women to do suitable exercise. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate the exercise behavior and cognition in 3 099 pregnant women who visited the clinic for first-time prenatal examination at Jiading District of Shanghai. Results It was found in investigation that 65.21% pregnant women often did exercise, of whom 29.14% did less than 20 minutes exercise every time, while 60.96% did 20 to 40 minutes, and 9.90% did more than 40 minutes.Slow-walking was the majority choice, which counted for 87.14% in pregnant women.And 34.79% pregnant women did not do exercise, mainly due to "wouldn't like to do exercise" or "don't have time for it".Age, body mass index (BMI), educational level with the pregnant women as well as their husbands impact factors related to their exercise behavior during pregnancy (P<0.01). Conclusion At present, pregnant women exercise mode is unitary during pregnancy.Doctors and nurses should advocate more on health education for them, and family members should be involved in health education program as well.We should improve the education health system and give full play to the advantages of the Internet, train obstetricians, nutritionists, community doctors and other weight management professionals, improve service capabilities, and instruct pregnant women to choose safe and effective exercise during pregnancy.

Exercise behavior and its relevant factors in 3 099 pregnant women during pregnancy / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the current situation of the exercise, relevant knowledge and impact factors in pregnant women during pregnancy, providing references to instruct pregnant women to do suitable exercise. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate the exercise behavior and cognition in 3 099 pregnant women who visited the clinic for first-time prenatal examination at Jiading District of Shanghai. Results It was found in investigation that 65.21% pregnant women often did exercise, of whom 29.14% did less than 20 minutes exercise every time, while 60.96% did 20 to 40 minutes, and 9.90% did more than 40 minutes.Slow-walking was the majority choice, which counted for 87.14% in pregnant women.And 34.79% pregnant women did not do exercise, mainly due to "wouldn't like to do exercise" or "don't have time for it".Age, body mass index (BMI), educational level with the pregnant women as well as their husbands impact factors related to their exercise behavior during pregnancy (P<0.01). Conclusion At present, pregnant women exercise mode is unitary during pregnancy.Doctors and nurses should advocate more on health education for them, and family members should be involved in health education program as well.We should improve the education health system and give full play to the advantages of the Internet, train obstetricians, nutritionists, community doctors and other weight management professionals, improve service capabilities, and instruct pregnant women to choose safe and effective exercise during pregnancy.

Intervention by using upper limb rehabilitation exercise video on life quality in patients after modified radical mastectomy / 上海预防医学

Objective To assess the intervention effect of upper limb rehabilitation exercise video on life quality in patients after modified radical mastectomy. Methods A total of 160 breast cancer patients received modified radical mastectomy were from Shanghai Jiading District Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2017 to June 2019.They were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 80 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were trained with routine upper limb rehabilitation exercise, and the patients in the observation group were given video training for upper limb rehabilitation exercise.Quality of life (QOL), anxiety scale and depression scale were used for corresponding evaluations.Satisfaction and compliance scales were also used for evaluation. Results Before intervention, there was no significant difference in each index between the two groups (P>0.05).After intervention, the quality of life in the observation group was better than that in the control group, including life status (21.43±4.83), functional status (19.69±4.72), emotional status (19.83±4.36), social/family status (19.59±3.62) and additional attention (24.73±3.27).There was no statistically significant difference in these parameters before and after intervention in the control group (P>0.05).The scores of anxiety (36.37±5.64) and depression (37.28±4.47) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant.The nursing satisfaction of patients in the observation group was much higher than that in the control group (91.25% vs 77.50%), and the proportion of compliance was higher than that in the control group (97.50% vs 68.75%). Conclusion In breast cancer patients received radical mastectomy, video-guided rehabilitation training can improve the quality of life and nursing satisfaction, compliance of rehabilitation, and condition of anxiety and depression.

hsa_circ_0006459 and hsa_circ_0015962 affect prognosis of Dengue fever.

Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) are widely expressed in human cells and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Some circRNAs have microRNA (miRNA) binding response elements and interact with miRNA to regulate the expression of target genes.Four patients with a preliminary diagnosis of dengue fever (DF), peripheral whole blood sample in anticoagulant was collected before treatment (pretreatment group) and after effective treatment (posttreatment group), and eight samples were separated and used to screen differentially expressed circRNAs with microarray analysis. The relative expression level of circRNAs was determined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TargetScan v7.1 and miRDB v5 bioinformatics software were used to predict circRNA-binding miRNAs; dual luciferase reporters were constructed to detect binding between circRNA and miRNA. Microarray screening revealed 263 differentially expressed circRNAs in peripheral leukocytes pretreatment versus posttreatment; 107 of these were upregulated and 156 were downregulated. RT-PCR confirmed that hsa_circ_0015962 was significantly upregulated and hsa_circ_0006459 significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Moreover, hsa_circ_0015962 binds to miR-4683, and hsa_circ_0006459 binds to miR-133b.Downregulation of hsa_circ_0006459 and upregulation of hsa_circ_0015962 affect the treatment response of DF and are potential biomarkers in DF patients. The molecular mechanism involves hsa_circ_0006459-mediated targeted negative regulation of miR-133b and hsa_circ_0015962-mediated targeted negative regulation of miR-4683.

Jumonji domain containing 5 is a potential prognostic indicator in non-small cell lung cancer patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms and predictive markers of platinum chemoresistance have not been fully understood. Our recent study revealed that Jumonji domain containing 5 (JMJD5) expression in cells was elevated under DNA damage by alkylating agent or UV radiation, which suggests a potential role of JMJD5 in DNA damage related chemoresistance. However, the role of JMJD5 in NSCLC chemotherapy has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated JMJD5 as a potential prognostic indicator in NSCLC patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS: JMJD5 protein expression level in tumor and adjacent normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Samples were from primary NSCLC patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgical resection. Survival curves were presented by the Kaplan-Meier method and p value was acquired by log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was tested by Cox proportional-hazards regression method. RESULTS: Elevated JMJD5 expression was found in 27.2% cases of tumor tissues (22/81), and high JMJD5 expression were significantly associated with poor overall survival time (OS) [HR =2.881 (1.774-9.121), P=0.001] and progression-free survival time (PFS) [HR =2.255 (1.417-5.886), P=0.004] in NSCLC patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy. In multivariate analyses, JMJD5 was proved to be an independent prognostic indictor for shorter OS [HR =2.339 (1.158-4.724), P=0.018] and PFS [HR =2.031 (1.095-3.767), P=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: High JMJD5 expression indicated a worse prognosis in NSCLC patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy, and JMJD5 may serve as a novel predictive marker in NSCLC chemotherapy.

Effect of different decocting methods on active ingredients in Banxia Xiexin Decoction / 中草药

Objective To investigate the effects of the three methods of decocting with deslag, decocting without deslag, and double decocting on the content of nine ingredients baicalin, baicalein, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate hydrate, liquiritin, 6-gingerol, berberine hydrochloride, palmatine hydrochloride, and total flavonoids in Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD). Methods Nine index components were determined by HPLC. The HPLC analysis was performed on Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphate aqueous solution for gradient elution; And carried out at column temperature of 28 ℃, volume flow of 0.9 mL/min, and detection wavelength of 203, 252, 280, and 355 nm. The total flavonoids were determined by colorimetry. Results Nine kinds of ingredients and total flavonoids could be detected in three different decoctions. In the method of decocting with deslag, baicalin, baicalein, ginsenoside Rb1, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate hydrate, and liquiritin increased by 10.01%, 12.88%, 29.09%, 16.75%, and 15.02%, respectively, compared with decocting without deslag; It decreased by 5.54%, 4.15%, 14.49%, 7.85%, and 9.18%, respectively compared with double decocting; Ginsenoside Re, 6-gingerol, berberine hydrochloride, and palmatine hydrochloride increased by 37.90%, 3.78%, 5.33%, and 5.99% compared with decocting without deslag, respectively; compared to the double decocting methods, it increased by 1.07%, 11.57%, 3.41%, and 1.93%. The total flavonoids increased 22.61% higher than decocting without deslag and 6.54% higher than double decocting. Conclusion: The results can effectively reflect the quality difference of different decocting methods. Among the three methods of decoction, the method of decocting without deslag has significantly improved the dissolution of the active ingredients of each component in the decoction, and improve the clinical efficacy of BXD to a certain extent. It provides a good experimental basis for the decocting without deslag method used in Zhang Zhongjing’s Treatise on Febrile Diseases.

Spinal Interleukin-10/β-Endorphin Pathway Suppresses Neuropathic Pain in Infant Rats / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To unmask the mechanisms underlying the suppression of infant neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.【Methods】Rats were subjected to spared nerve injury(SNI)at postnatal 10 d or 33 d. Mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds as well as spinal interleukin-10(IL-10)and the β-endorphin precursor gene proopiomelanocortin(POMC)mRNA expression were detected 7 d after surgery. The IL-10 or β-endorphin neutralizing antibody was intrathecally injected for 3 d(the 7 th-9 th day after surgery)and mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds were tested 1 h after each injection. Spinal IL-10 mRNA and POMC mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR.【Results】In contrast to adult rats,infant rats subjected to SNI displayed no mechanical allodynia but an increase in spinal cord IL-10 and POMC mRNA expression. Intrathecal administration of the IL-10 antibody and β-endorphin antibody evoked neuropathic painlike behaviors in infant rats. SNI-induced POMC mRNA increase was blocked by the pretreatment with intrathecal the IL-10 antibody,while the increased IL-10 mRNA expression was not affected by the β-endorphin antibody pretreatment.【Conclusions】The suppression of neuropathic pain in infant rats may be mediated by activation of spinal IL-10/β-endorphin pathway.

Factors associated with being recaptured among low-fee female sex workers in HIV surveillance and intervention / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective This objective of the study was to analyze the factors related to being recaptured and condom use among low-fee female sex workers (FSWs) to provide reference in developing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intervention strategy. Methods Physical examination certificates were designed by Zhongshan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention to record HIV and syphilis test results for low-fee FSWs from 2013 to 2015. Low-fee FSWs were asked to show physical examination certificates in the next intervention and test. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with being captured with physical examination certificates. Generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze factors associated with condom use with clients. Results A total of 220 low-fee FSWs were recruited by using physical examination certificates and received 389 interviews from 2013 to 2015. The proportions of HIV positive and syphilis positive were 4.2% (9/213) and 30.0% (64/213) respectively among those who had HIV and syphilis test. Results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that low-fee FSWs who had been FSWs for more than 4 years (OR=2.95, 95% CI：1.35-6.45), and worked in the local county in the past 30 days (OR=11.74, 95% CI: 5.26-26.20), were more likely to be captured with physical examination certificates. Results of generalized linear mixed model showed that those who were captured at least once (OR=3.33, 95% CI: 1.34-8.27), had junior middle school education and above (OR=22.79, 95% CI: 3.75-138.57), had high HIV knowledge (OR=3.57, 95% CI: 1.52-8.38), and charged more than 30 yuan for vaginal sex (OR=30.68, 95% CI: 12.57-74.90), were more likely to use condom consistently. Conclusions Physical examination certificates could be used for low-fee FSWs surveillance and intervention and tracking their HIV and syphilis status. The intervention strategy should take these into consideration.