Sex Modified the Association between Sleep Duration and worse Cognitive Performance in Chinese Hypertensive Population: Insight from the China H-Type Hypertension Registry Study.

Objectives: Cognitive decline could be seen as the sign of preclinical phase of dementia, which was found to be sex differentiated. Previous studies had discovered that there might be some link between abnormal sleep duration and cognitive performance. Additionally, hypertension was found to be one of the important risk factors for cognitive decline and abnormal sleep duration was also a significant risk factor for hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in the association of sleep duration with cognitive performance and to further explore potential effect modifiers that may exist. Methods: Data analyzed in this study was from the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. Sleep duration was assessed with a sleep questionnaire and categorized as <5 hours, 5-8 hours, and ≥8 hours. Cognitive performance was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Result: A total of 9527 subjects were included. The average age was 63.7 ± 9.8 years. Linear regression analyses showed that the association between long sleep duration (≥8 h) and MMSE score adjusting for pertinent covariables was stronger in female (ß = -0.95, 95% CI: -1.23 to -0.68, P < 0.001) than in male (ß = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.06, P = 0.013). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between sleep duration and age on cognitive performance only in female. Conclusion: In summary, this study found that long sleep duration (≥8 h) was associated with poorer cognitive performance. Furthermore, this association was more pronounced in female than in male, especially in older female.

Positive Association between Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Diabetes Mellitus in Hypertensive Patients.

BACKGROUND: The association between triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol (TRL-C) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear because of limited research and data. The aim of this study was to explore the independent association between TRL-C and DM in hypertensive patients and to examine whether a healthy lifestyle would have an impact on this relationship. METHODS: In this study, data from 13,721 hypertensive patients who were not treated with lipid-lowering drugs were analyzed. TRL-C was calculated from total cholesterol (TC) minus [LDL cholesterol + HDL cholesterol]. DM was defined as fasting plasma glucose of ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or self-reported history of hypoglycemic drug use. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the TRL-C was significantly positively associated with elevated DM (odds ratio (OR): 1.73 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54-1.94). In subgroup analysis, a healthy lifestyle (HL) failed to modify the positive association between TRL-C and DM (HL: OR 1.93, 95%CI 1.58-2.36; non-HL: OR 1.72, 95%CI 1.50-1.98; P for interaction = 0.38). CONCLUSION: The results showed a positive association between TRL-C and DM in hypertensive patients. A healthy lifestyle failed to diminish the relationship between TRL-C and DM. The novel findings indicate that TRL-C might be a reliable marker of DM and may provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of DM.

The association of lipid ratios with hyperuricemia in a rural Chinese hypertensive population.

BACKGROUND: Current studies support lipid ratios [the total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio; the triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio; the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL -C)/HDL-C ratio; and non-HDL-C] as reliable indicators of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes. However, whether lipid ratios could serve as markers for hyperuricemia (HUA) remains unclear due to limited research. This study aimed to explore the association between lipid ratios and HUA in hypertensive patients. METHODS: The data from 14,227 Chinese hypertensive individuals in the study were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting models examined the relationship between lipid ratios and HUA. RESULTS: The results showed positive associations between the lipid ratios and HUA (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, lipid ratios were converted from continuous variables to tertiles. Compared to the lowest tertile, the fully adjusted ORs (95 % CI) of the TC/HDL-C ratio, the TG/HDL-C ratio, the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and non-HDL-C in the highest tertile were 1.79 (1.62, 1.99), 2.09 (1.88, 2.32), 1.67 (1.51, 1.86), and 1.93 (1.74, 2.13), respectively (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that high lipid ratios (TC/HDL-C ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and non-HDL-C) are associated with HUA in a Chinese hypertensive population. This study's findings further expand the scope of the application of lipid ratios. These novel and essential results suggest that lipid ratio profiles might be potential and valuable markers for HUA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: No. ChiCTR1800017274. Registered July 20, 2018.

Non-significant efficacy of icotinib plus pleurodesis in epidermal growth factor receptor positive mutant lung cancer patients after malignant pleural effusion drainage compared to icotinib alone.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the efficacy and safety of icotinib plus pleurodesis or icotinib alone in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive mutant lung cancer patients after malignant pleural effusion (MPE) drainage. METHODS: In this retrospective study from initially reviewed case reports of 230 lung adenocarcinoma patients with MPE who were EGFR mutation positive and treated in our hospital between Jan 2014 and Dec 2016 consecutively, 51 patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into treated with oral icotinib plus pleurodesis and without pleurodesis after pleural effusion drainage groups. Case records including patient gender, age, smoking status and local treatments, as well as adverse events were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The clinical outcomes which were measured by progression free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) & adverse reactions were analyzed by a Kaplan-Meier curve and a log-rank test after follow-ups. RESULTS: The median PFS of patients who received icotinib plus pleurodesis was 8.4 months, while the median PFS of icotinib alone patients was 9.0 months (P=0.996, χ2=7.241). Similarly, the ORR for MPEs, with or without pleurodesis were not significantly difference (64.29% vs. 67.57%, P=0.824, χ2=0.049). Adverse reactions of pleurodesis were mainly fever, chest pain, gastrointestinal reactions and myelosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that pleurodesis after MPE drainage had no difference on outcomes of icotinib therapy patients. However, pleurodesis may increase some adverse reactions, which might be inconvenient for patients in clinical practice.