ABSTRACT
Photoelectrochemical sensing has developed rapidly in the past decade because of its inherent advantages of economic devices and low background noise. However, traditional assembly of photoelectric beacons, probes, and targets on the ITO electrode solid-liquid interface inevitably leads to time-consuming, limited selectivity, poor stability, and nonreproducibility. To overcome these drawbacks, in this work, a unique split-type PEC aptasensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was developed in virtue of the sandwich-like structure comprised of magnetic-optical Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS-DNA1, CEA aptamer, and signal element SiO2-Au-DNA2. The sandwich-like structure is easily formed in the liquid phase and can be triggered by competition from low-abundance CEA, resulting in dissociation. By further photocurrent measurement in pure phosphate buffer saline (PBS), coexisting species can be effectively removed from the modified electrode, improving selectivity, stability, and repeatability. These advantages benefit from the preparation of uniform and monodispersed Fe3O4@SiO2@CdS and SiO2-Au particles, DNAs assembly, and an elegant design. Additionally, the as-designed signal-on PEC aptasensor is highly sensitive, short time-consuming, and economical, enabling the detection of CEA in serum specimens. It not only provides an alternative to CEA immunosensors, but also paves the way for high-performance PEC aptasensors.
Subject(s)
Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry , Biosensing Techniques , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis , Electrochemical Techniques , Nanostructures/chemistry , Cadmium Compounds/chemistry , DNA/chemistry , Humans , Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles/chemistry , Particle Size , Photochemical Processes , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Sulfides/chemistry , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Trace concentration of formaldehyde can damage human health and environment. Consequently, it is of great significance to develop an ultrasensitive sensor for its determination. Herein, an ingenious and efficient photoelectrochemical sensor for formaldehyde was constructed by amorphous TiO2 hollow spheres incorporated with Ag+ ions, which were brought about by silica template etching and then the exchange of Ag+/Na+ ions. The amorphous TiO2 acted the dual role of Ag+ ion probe carriers and photoelectric materials. Upon exposure to the increased concentration of formaldehyde, the Ag nanoparticles were produced in situ, and photocurrent amplification was then achieved in a proportional manner. It is attributed to the injection of hot electrons from plasmonic Ag nanoparticles into the conduction band of amorphous titanium dioxide and therefore enhanced the photocurrent. The linear relationship between 1 and 400 pmol L-1 resulted from the enhanced photocurrent and increased concentration of formaldehyde, and the detection limit was 0.4 pmol L-1. Benefiting from an in situ and unique sensitization strategy, this photoelectrochemical sensor exhibited many advantages such as sensitivity, selectivity, cost-effectiveness, convenience of fabrication, low power consumption, and stability.
