Brucella epididymo-orchitis: A single-center experience with a review of the literature.

Brucella epididymo-orchitis (BEO) is a rare complication of brucellosis. Despite the high incidence of brucellosis in developing countries, few case series on BEO are available. This study focuses on the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of BEO with a review of the literature. This study included consecutive BEO patients diagnosed and treated at Smart Health Tower between 2021 and 2023. The required data were retrospectively collected from patients' profiles. The BEO diagnosis was established through scrotal Doppler ultrasound in cases with a positive Rose Bengal test and positive IgG and IgM results for brucellosis, in addition to scrotal pain and swelling. This study included 11 cases whose ages ranged from 22 to 55 years. Most of the cases presented with testicular pain (72.7%), followed by fever (63.6%) and arthralgia (63.6%). The right side (54.5%) was slightly more affected than the left side (45.5%). The major abnormal laboratory finding was an elevated C-reactive protein (82%). The treatment was conservative, in which a combination of gentamicin, doxycycline, and rifampicin was administered to the patients for about 6-8 weeks. One case underwent an orchiectomy due to the abscess formation. All the patients responded well to the treatment, with no recurrence. In the Middle East, brucellosis remains a concerning infectious disease. Early diagnosis, aimed at preventing abscess formation and other complications, takes first priority to avoid invasive interventions.

Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of the prostate: A case report and mini­review of the literature.

Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma (PGCC) is an exceptionally uncommon form of prostate adenocarcinoma. It consists of unusually large and irregular cells with varied nuclei. The present study describes a rare case of prostatic PGCC. A 65-year-old male patient presented to the urology clinic with severe dysuria, nocturia, and frequent, urgent, and difficult urination for a period of 3 months. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large pelvic mass. A prostate biopsy was performed, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity for the pan-epithelial markers, AE1/AE3, alpha-methyl acyl-CoA racemase, and focally for sphingolipid activator protein-2. While waiting for his pathology report, the patient's condition deteriorated, and he was diagnosed with intestinal obstruction. The patient underwent laparotomy and end colostomy. Later, he developed severe sepsis and wound dehiscence. After 2 weeks, the patient succumbed due to multiorgan failure. Prostatic PGCC cases are frequently associated with previous chemo-, hormone, or radiation therapy. Prior to the diagnosis of PGCC, it is critical to rule out urothelial carcinoma. Early recognition of this rare condition can lead to more effective therapy. Prostatic PGCC is extremely rare. Immunohistochemistry for prostatic markers, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen, prostate-specific antigen, NK3 homeobox 1 and androgen receptor, can be used to confirm its origin.