ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of an intraperitoneal solution of methylene blue (MB), lidocaine and pentoxyphylline (PTX) on intestinal ischemic and reperfusion injury. METHODS: Superior mesenteric artery was isolated and clamped in 36 adult male Sprague Dawley rats. After 60 minutes, clamp was removed and a group received intraperitoneally UNITO solution (PTX 25mg/kg + lidocaine 5mg/kg + MB 2mg/kg), while the other group was treated with warm 0.9% NaCl solution. Rats were euthanized 45 min after drug administration. Lung and bowel were collected for histological evaluation (using Park's score) and determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. RESULTS: Control samples showed lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate and crypt necrosis of villi. MPO and MDA measurements shown no differences between treated and control groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of lidocaine, methylene blue and pentoxyphylline administered intraperitoneally at the studied dose, did not decreased histological lesion scores and biochemical markers levels in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Intestines/blood supply , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Methylene Blue/therapeutic use , Pentoxifylline/therapeutic use , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations , Drug Synergism , Inflammation/drug therapy , Inflammation/prevention & control , Infusions, Parenteral , Intestines/enzymology , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Lung/blood supply , Lung/metabolism , Male , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Methylene Blue/administration & dosage , Models, Animal , Pentoxifylline/administration & dosage , Peroxidase/metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of an intraperitoneal solution of methylene blue (MB), lidocaine and pentoxyphylline (PTX) on intestinal ischemic and reperfusion injury METHODS: Superior mesenteric artery was isolated and clamped in 36 adult male Sprague Dawley rats. After 60 minutes, clamp was removed and a group received intraperitoneally UNITO solution (PTX 25mg/kg + lidocaine 5mg/kg + MB 2mg/kg), while the other group was treated with warm 0.9% NaCl solution. Rats were euthanized 45 min after drug administration. Lung and bowel were collected for histological evaluation (using Park's score) and determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. RESULTS: Control samples showed lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate and crypt necrosis of villi. MPO and MDA measurements shown no differences between treated and control groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of lidocaine, methylene blue and pentoxyphylline administered intraperitoneally at the studied dose, did not decreased histological lesion scores and biochemical markers levels in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Pentoxifylline/therapeutic use , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Intestines/blood supply , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Methylene Blue/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Pentoxifylline/administration & dosage , Random Allocation , Peroxidase/metabolism , Models, Animal , Drug Combinations , Drug Synergism , Inflammation/prevention & control , Inflammation/drug therapy , Infusions, Parenteral , Intestines/enzymology , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Lung/blood supply , Lung/metabolism , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Methylene Blue/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Despite the availability of different therapeutic options, canine visceral leishmaniosis (CVL) remains a challenging disease to treat. Recently miltefosine has been registered for use in dogs, and different studies have demonstrated its leishmanicidal effect. Moreover, it has been suggested that fluoroquinolones, compared to standard chemotherapeutic agents, could be an effective and pragmatic alternative to treat CVL. The efficacy of miltefosine and marbofloxacin alone or in combination with allopurinol against clinical strains of Leishmania infantum was assessed in vitro by incubating increasing concentrations of the drugs with a standard parasite inoculum. Miltefosine was significantly more efficacious than marbofloxacin (P < 0.05) against the two strains of L. infantum either alone or in combination with allopurinol. Both drugs were significantly (P < 0.05) more efficacious when associated with allopurinol than alone.
Subject(s)
Allopurinol/pharmacology , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Leishmania infantum/drug effects , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Phosphorylcholine/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Dogs , Drug Synergism , Leishmania infantum/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Phosphorylcholine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Corynebacterium urealyticum is an uncommon cause of urinary tract infections in cats. However, it is difficult to diagnose and if left untreated it may result in irreversible bladder lesions. C urealyticum is a multiantibiotic-resistant bacterium whose culture requires special care. Risk factors for the occurrence of this infection include urological procedures, foreign bodies, bladder mucosa abnormalities, immuno-suppressed states and antibiotic treatment. This report describes an unusual case of C urealyticum urinary infection in a young cat with pre-existing urethral obstruction. C urealyticum was isolated in pure cultures from two urine samples. Clinical and ultrasound features, results of the urinalysis and urine culture are described as well as therapeutic treatment and eventual favourable outcome to treatment with amoxycillin-clavulanic acid.
