Adverse Effects Post COVID-19 Vaccination and its Association with Age, Gender and Comorbid Disease in Basrah City Southern of Iraq.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination against COVID-19 virus is the most valuable tool available for protection during the pandemic of coronavirus. The clinical manifestation post-vaccination is a barrier to vaccination for many people in Iraq and worldwide. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is identifying various clinical manifestations occurring after receiving vaccines among individuals in Basrah Governorate. Moreover, we examine its association with respondents' demographics and the type of vaccine they received. METHODS: A cross-section study was conducted in Basrah, southern Iraq. Research data were collected through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and analytic statistical tools using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Most of the participants (86.68%) received the vaccine. The side effects were reported in 71.61% of vaccinated individuals. Fever and muscle pain were the two most experienced clinical manifestations, while lymph node enlargement and disturbances in taste and/or smell sensations were reported infrequently. Adverse effects were mostly reported with the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine receiver. Females and those in the younger age group also reported a significantly higher incidence of side effects. CONCLUSION: Most adverse effects related to the COVID-19 vaccine were minor and could be tolerated without the need for hospital admission.

DESIGN AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ACRIVASTINE AS ORODISPERSIBLE TABLET USING DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: This study aimed to develop mouth-dissolving tablets of Acrivastine, an antihistamine medication, in order to increase its oral bioavailability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Different super disintegrants, such as crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate, were used to make Acrivastine oral dispersible tablets (ODTs). These super disintegrants were utilized in various concentrations. The formulation (F3) with 6% w/w crospovidone had a fast disintegration time (less than 30 seconds) and practically total drug release within 10 minutes. All of the formulations were made using the direct compression method and proper diluents, binders, and lubricants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were used to investigate the drug-ex¬cipient interaction, and all formulations demonstrated improved drug-excipient compatibility. RESULTS: Results: The average weight of all formulations was between 175 and 180 mg. All formulations' hardness and friability were within acceptable ranges. Direct compression tablets had a hardness of 3.2 to 4 kg/cm2. All formulations were determined to have a friability of less than 1.0%. For oral dissolving tablets, the in vitro disintegration time is critical, and this time preferred to be < 60 seconds. The results also showed that crospovidone disintegrated after 24 seconds and sodium starch glycolate disintegrated in 40 seconds in vitro. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: When compared to croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone performs better as a super disintegrant. In comparison to other formula, tablets breakdown in the mouth in 30 seconds and have a maximum in vitro drug release time in 1-3 minutes.