Targeting inflammation and pro-resolving mediators with Anetholea anisita extract to improve scalp condition.

OBJECTIVE: A critical and often-overlooked factor that may give rise to dandruff and oily hair is the intrinsic quality of the scalp stratum corneum (SC), which is often unbalanced and susceptible to external aggressions. Addressing the inflammation element of unhealthy scalp plays an important role in promoting healthy-looking and feeling hair. Although specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) have been studied in the skin to end the inflammation process and promote tissue regeneration, no studies have been provided in the scalp. This study aims to investigate SPMs expression and its role in improving scalp integrity and consequently improving hair appearance using an Anetholea anisita extract. METHODS: The effect of Anetholea anisita extract was investigated in vitro on human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC), evaluating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by fluorescence staining and ELISA, respectively. Ex vivo measurement of the volume of human scalp sebaceous glands was performed using X-ray microtomography (micro-CT). The extract was then clinically tested on a population of dandruff sufferers presenting oily hair. Volunteers' sebum was collected on the scalp and analysed by LC-MS/MS or ELISA to identify SPMs and pro-inflammatory markers. Scalp integrity was assessed by measuring the pH and the TEWL. Sebum production, dandruff and hair gloss were also evaluated. RESULT: Anetholea anisita extract reduced IL-8 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HFDPC. Interestingly, this extract also decreased the volume of sebaceous glands as revealed by micro-CT. This result was confirmed in vivo by a decrease in sebum production in volunteers. Moreover, SPMs were analysed and detected in the scalp for the first time. An increase in Lipoxin B4 (LxB4) and Resolvin D1 and D2 (RvD1 and RvD2) was observed after Anetholea anisita treatment as well as decrease in pro-inflammatory sebum mediators expression such as PGE2, LTB4 and IL-8. Consequently, the scalp barrier was reinforced as observed through improved transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface pH, reducing dandruff and improving hair health. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest the potential of cosmetic applications of Anetholea anisita extract to improve scalp health by targeting inflammation pathways to decrease dandruff and improve hair condition.

OBJECTIF: Un facteur important et peu étudié pouvant mener à l'apparition des pellicules ou des cheveux gras est la qualité intrinsèque du stratum corneum (SC) du cuir chevelu, souvent déséquilibré et susceptible aux agressions. L'inflammation joue un rôle clé dans l'état de santé du cuir chevelu et par conséquent du cheveu. Les médiateurs lipidiques pro-résolution (SPMs) ont été étudiés dans la peau pour mettre fin au processus inflammatoire et promouvoir la régénération des tissus. Cependant, aucune étude n'avait été réalisée sur le cuir chevelu. Cette étude vise donc à étudier l'expression des SPMs et leurs rôles dans l'amélioration de l'intégrité du cuir chevelu et de l'apparence des cheveux en utilisant un extrait de Anetholea anisita. MÉTHODES: Les propriétés antioxydantes et anti-inflammatoires de l'Anetholea anisita ont été étudiées in vitro sur les cellules papillaires folliculaires dermiques humaines (HFDPC) par fluorescence et ELISA. La mesure ex vivo du volume des glandes sébacées du cuir chevelu humain a été réalisée par microtomographie à rayons X (micro-CT). L'extrait a ensuite été cliniquement testé sur des volontaires présentant des pellicules et des cheveux gras. Le sébum des volontaires a été prélevé sur le cuir chevelu et analysé par LC-MS/MS ou ELISA pour identifier les SPMs et les marqueurs pro-inflammatoires. L'intégrité du cuir chevelu a ensuite été évaluée en mesurant le pH et la perte en eau transépidermique. La production de sébum, les pellicules et la brillance des cheveux ont également été évalués. RÉSULTATS: L'extrait d'Anetholea anisita a réduit la production d'IL-8 et d'espèces réactives oxygénées sur HFDPC. Cet extrait a également diminué le volume des glandes sébacées. Ce résultat a été confirmé in vivo avec une diminution de la production de sébum chez les volontaires. De plus, les SPMs ont été analysés et détectés pour la première fois sur le cuir chevelu. Une augmentation de la Lipoxine B4 (LxB4) ainsi que des Resolvines D1 et D2 (RvD1 et RvD2) a été observée après le traitement par Anetholea anisita en plus d'une diminution de l'expression des médiateurs pro-inflammatoires tels que PGE2, LTB4 et IL-8. Par conséquent, la barrière du cuir chevelu a été renforcée comme observé avec une diminution de la PIE et un ajustement pH de la surface du scalp, réduisant les pellicules et améliorant la santé des cheveux. CONCLUSION: Les résultats obtenus montrent qu'un extrait d'Anetholea anisita permet d'améliorer la santé du cuir chevelu en ciblant les voies de l'inflammation et de la résolution permettant ainsi de renforcer la barrière du cuir chevelu, pour diminuer les pellicules et améliorer l'état des cheveux.

A Dunaliella salina Extract Counteracts Skin Aging under Intense Solar Irradiation Thanks to Its Antiglycation and Anti-Inflammatory Properties.

Glycation, and the resulting buildup of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is recognized as a key driver of cumulative skin damage and skin aging. Dunaliella salina is a halophile microalga adapted to intense solar radiation through the production of carotenoids. We present a natural supercritical CO2 extract of Dunaliella salina rich in the colorless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene. The extract exhibited antiglycation and anti-inflammatory activities in ex vivo testing, showing strongly reduced formation of N-ε-carboxy-methyl-lysine with exposure to methylglyoxal, reduced AGE receptor levels, and significantly reduced interleukins 6 and 8. In a placebo-controlled clinical study under intense solar exposure, the extract significantly reduced the skin's glycation scores and its sensitivity to histamine; key skin aging parameters were also significantly improved vs. placebo, including wrinkle counts and spots. These results demonstrate the value of this Dunaliella salina extract, rich in colorless carotenoids, as an antiglycative, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging active ingredient, including in high-irradiation contexts.

Drosophila motor neuron retraction during metamorphosis is mediated by inputs from TGF-ß/BMP signaling and orphan nuclear receptors.

Larval motor neurons remodel during Drosophila neuro-muscular junction dismantling at metamorphosis. In this study, we describe the motor neuron retraction as opposed to degeneration based on the early disappearance of ß-Spectrin and the continuing presence of Tubulin. By blocking cell dynamics with a dominant-negative form of Dynamin, we show that phagocytes have a key role in this process. Importantly, we show the presence of peripheral glial cells close to the neuro-muscular junction that retracts before the motor neuron. We show also that in muscle, expression of EcR-B1 encoding the steroid hormone receptor required for postsynaptic dismantling, is under the control of the ftz-f1/Hr39 orphan nuclear receptor pathway but not the TGF-ß signaling pathway. In the motor neuron, activation of EcR-B1 expression by the two parallel pathways (TGF-ß signaling and nuclear receptor) triggers axon retraction. We propose that a signal from a TGF-ß family ligand is produced by the dismantling muscle (postsynapse compartment) and received by the motor neuron (presynaptic compartment) resulting in motor neuron retraction. The requirement of the two pathways in the motor neuron provides a molecular explanation for the instructive role of the postsynapse degradation on motor neuron retraction. This mechanism insures the temporality of the two processes and prevents motor neuron pruning before postsynaptic degradation.

ftz-f1 and Hr39 opposing roles on EcR expression during Drosophila mushroom body neuron remodeling.

Developmental axon pruning is a general mechanism that is required for maturation of neural circuits. During Drosophila metamorphosis, the larval-specific dendrites and axons of early γ neurons of the mushroom bodies are pruned and replaced by adult-specific processes. We found that the nuclear receptor ftz-f1 is required for this pruning, activates expression of the steroid hormone receptor EcR-B1, whose activity is essential for γ remodeling, and represses expression of Hr39, an ftz-f1 homologous gene. If inappropriately expressed in the γ neurons, HR39 inhibits normal pruning, probably by competing with endogenous FTZ-F1, which results in decreased EcR-B1 expression. EcR-B1 was previously identified as a target of the TGFß signaling pathway. We found that the ftz-f1 and Hr39 pathway apparently acts independently of TGFß signaling, suggesting that EcR-B1 is the target of two parallel molecular pathways that act during γ neuron remodeling.

R125W coding variant in TBC1D1 confers risk for familial obesity and contributes to linkage on chromosome 4p14 in the French population.

Stone et al. previously reported an association between the TBC1D1 gene variant R125W (rs35859249) and severe obesity in women from US pedigrees. We attempted to replicate this result in 9714 French Caucasian individuals, combining family-based and general population studies. We confirmed an association with familial obesity (defined as body mass index (BMI) > or = 97th percentile) in women from 1109 obesity-selected pedigrees (Z-score = 2.70, P = 0.008). Analysis of 16 microsatellite markers on chromosome 4 restricted to the 42 pedigrees carrying the TBC1D1 R125W variant allele also revealed a suggestive evidence of linkage with obesity (maximum likelihood binomial LOD of 2.73, P = 0.0002) on chromosome 4p14, where resides TBC1D1. In contrast, R125W variant was neither associated with BMI nor with obesity in a large population-based cohort. These results confirm a putative role of TBC1D1 R125W variant in familial obesity predisposition.