Score of ultra-processed food consumption and its association with sociodemographic factors in the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019.

This is a cross-sectional population-based study that describes the score of ultra-processed food consumption, applied in the Brazilian National Health Survey performed in 2019, and its association with sociodemographic factors in Brazilian adults (18 years or older). The score of ultra-processed food consumption was calculated by adding up the positive answers about the consumption on the previous day of 10 subgroups of ultra-processed foods frequently consumed in Brazil. The distribution of the score in the population was presented as a count. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the crude and adjusted associations of scores equal to or higher than five subgroups of ultra-processed foods with urban/rural area, geographic region, sex, age group, schooling level, and wealth index. About 15% of the Brazilian adults reached scores equal to or higher than five. After adjustment for confounders, the prevalence of consuming five or more subgroups of ultra-processed foods decreased linearly with age, increased linearly with wealth quintiles and it was higher in urban areas, in the Southeast and South regions (compared to the others) and in men. Public policies that reduce the consumption of ultra-processed foods with emphasis on strata of the population at the greatest risk are essential and monitoring the score of ultra-processed food consumption across studies and populations will be important to assess the success of these policies.

Factors associated with normal-weight obesity in adolescents.

A new phenotype of obesity has been studied: normal-weight obesity (NWO), which describes individuals with normal-weight by BMI and excess body fat. Despite normal-weight, individuals with NWO have a higher cardiometabolic risk. There is still a gap in the literature on the subject, especially in adolescents, as studies with this population are scarce. This study aims to investigate the sociodemographic factors, family history of chronic non-communicable diseases, body perception, lifestyle and food consumption associated with NWO in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study, with 506 normal-weight adolescents aged 10­19 years, of both sexes. Weight and height were obtained, and BMI/age was calculated. Body fat analysis was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sociodemographic data, level of physical activity, food consumption, body self-perception and lifestyle habits were also obtained. Logistic regression with hierarchical approach was used to analyse the associations. The odds of NWO are greater with age (OR = 1·14; 95 % CI = 1·04, 1·26), lower in male adolescents (OR = 0·21; 95 % CI = 0·11, 0·41) and higher in those with a history of familial dyslipidemia (OR = 1·81; 95 % CI = 1·01, 3·28). Adolescents satisfied with their body (OR = 0·30; 95 % CI 0·16, 0·56) and physically active (OR = 0·44; 95 % CI = 0·24, 0·81) have a lower odds of NWO, compared with the others. In addition, it was observed that the odds of NWO is greater among adolescents who use sweeteners (sugar substitutes) (OR = 3·84; 95 % CI = 1·70, 8·65). The factors associated with NWO were female sex, older age, positive family history of dyslipidemia, lower body satisfaction, lower level of physical activity and greater use of sweeteners.

Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents with normal weight obesity.

BACKGROUND: Normal weight obesity (NWO), which is defined by the excess of body fat in normal weight individuals, has been neglected among adolescents, due to their normal weight and young age. Few studies were carried out on the topic with adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether the NWO is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with 506 normal weight adolescents aged 10-19 years, selected in schools in Brazil. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference were obtained and the body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio (WHR) were calculated. Body composition analysis was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The clinical evaluation included lipid and glycid profile, platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, uric acid and blood pressure, as well as the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. NWO was defined by the presence of normal weight, according to BMI for age, and excess body fat (≥25% and ≥30% in males and females, respectively). Logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between normal weight adolescents with and without the NWO phenotype. RESULTS: NWO associated positively with abdominal obesity, analyzed through WC (OR = 1.36;95%CI = 1.27-1.47), WHR (OR = 25.89;95%CI = 10.43-64.26) and android fat (OR = 1.49;95%CI = 1.36-1.63); insulin resistance (OR = 4.09;95%CI = 1.72-9.70), hyperinsulinemia (OR = 3.83;95%CI = 1.50-9.76) and the highest values of the triglycerides-glycemia index (OR = 4.28;95%CI = 1.21-15.08); uric acid (OR = 1.81;95%CI = 1.29-2.55), as well as the changes in LDL (OR = 3.39;95%CI = 1.47-7.81), total cholesterol (OR = 2.77;95%CI = 1.22-6.29), and in at least one (OR = 1.87;95%CI = 1.04-3.37) or two (OR = 6.61;95%CI = 1.45-30.19) components of MS. CONCLUSION: NWO is associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.

Anthropometric and body composition parameters in adolescents with the metabolically obese normal-weight phenotype.

We aimed to investigate the anthropometric and body composition parameters associated with the metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 506 adolescents in Brazil (aged 10-19 y). The MONW phenotype was defined as normal-weight, according to BMI/age, and at least one metabolic alteration. Anthropometric measurements were obtained and the DEXA was used for body composition analysis. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate the associations. The phenotype was positively associated with waist circumference (male: prevalence ratio (PR) = 1·05; 95% CI 1·01, 1·09; female: PR = 1·06; 95% CI 1·02, 1·09), waist:height ratio (male: PR = 1·26; 95% CI 1·07, 1·49; female: PR = 1·29; 95% CI 1·07, 1·56) and android:gynoid fat ratio (male: PR = 1·25; 95% CI 1·03, 1·51; female: PR = 1·39; 95% CI 1·20, 1·62), in both sexes. Furthermore, there was a positive association of phenotype with waist:hip ratio (PR = 1·32; 95% CI 1·06, 1·65) and trunk:arm fat ratio (PR = 1·13; 95% CI 1·02, 1·24) only in males and with trunk:leg fat ratio (PR = 2·84; 95% CI 1·46, 5·53), BAIp (PR = 1·06; 95% CI 1·01, 1·12), fat mass index (PR = 1·24; 95% CI 1·10, 1·41) and regional indices of metabolic load and capacity (PR = 1·29; 95% CI 1·09, 1·53), in females. Anthropometric and body composition parameters indicative of central and total fat are associated with the MONW phenotype.

Score of ultra-processed food consumption and its association with sociodemographic factors in the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019 / Escore de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019 / Puntuación para el consumo de comida ultraprocesada y su asociación con factores sociodemográficos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2019

This is a cross-sectional population-based study that describes the score of ultra-processed food consumption, applied in the Brazilian National Health Survey performed in 2019, and its association with sociodemographic factors in Brazilian adults (18 years or older). The score of ultra-processed food consumption was calculated by adding up the positive answers about the consumption on the previous day of 10 subgroups of ultra-processed foods frequently consumed in Brazil. The distribution of the score in the population was presented as a count. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the crude and adjusted associations of scores equal to or higher than five subgroups of ultra-processed foods with urban/rural area, geographic region, sex, age group, schooling level, and wealth index. About 15% of the Brazilian adults reached scores equal to or higher than five. After adjustment for confounders, the prevalence of consuming five or more subgroups of ultra-processed foods decreased linearly with age, increased linearly with wealth quintiles and it was higher in urban areas, in the Southeast and South regions (compared to the others) and in men. Public policies that reduce the consumption of ultra-processed foods with emphasis on strata of the population at the greatest risk are essential and monitoring the score of ultra-processed food consumption across studies and populations will be important to assess the success of these policies.

Estudo transversal de base populacional com objetivo de descrever o escore de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, avaliado na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde em 2019, e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos em adultos brasileiros (com 18 anos ou mais). O escore de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi calculado, somando as respostas positivas a perguntas sobre o consumo no dia anterior de dez subgrupos de alimentos ultraprocessados, consumidos frequentemente no Brasil. A distribuição da pontuação na população foi apresentada na forma de contagem. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão de Poisson para avaliar as associações brutas e ajustadas para pontuações iguais ou maiores de subgrupos de ultraprocessados, de acordo com situação (urbana/rural), macrorregião, sexo, grupo etário, escolaridade e índice de riqueza. Cerca de 15% dos adultos brasileiros obtiveram pontuações iguais ou superiores a cinco. Após ajustar para fatores de confusão, a prevalência do consumo de cinco ou mais subgrupos de ultraprocessados diminuiu de maneira linear com a idade, aumentou de maneira linear com os quintis de renda e foi mais alta nas áreas urbanas, nas regiões Sul e Sudeste e em homens. São necessárias políticas públicas que reduzam o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, com ênfase nos segmentos da população com maior risco. Para avaliar o sucesso dessas políticas, será importante monitorar os níveis de consumo de ultraprocessados entre os diversos estudos e populações.

El objetivo de este estudio transversal, de base poblacional, es describir la puntuación para el consumo de comida ultraprocesada y su asociación con factores sociodemográficos en adultos brasileños (con 18 años de edad o más). Los datos proceden de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud llevada a cabo en 2019. La puntuación para el consumo de comida ultraprocesada se calculó sumando las respuestas positivas a preguntas sobre el consumo el día previo de 10 subgrupos de comidas ultraprocesadas frecuentemente consumidas en Brasil. La distribución de la puntuación en la población se presentó como un dato de conteo. Fueron utilizados modelos de regressioón de Poison para evaluar las asociaciones crudas y ajustadas de puntuaciones iguales a o superiores a cinco subgrupos de comidas ultraprocesadas con áreas urbanas/rurales, región geográfica, sexo, grupo de edad, nivel de escolaridad, e índice de riqueza. Alrededor de un 15% de los adultos brasileños alcanzaron puntuaciones iguales o mayores que cinco. Tras el ajuste para los factores de confusión, la prevalencia del consumo de cinco o más subgrupos de comidas ultraprocesadas decrecío, aumentando linealmente con los quintiles de riqueza y era superior en las áreas urbanas, en las regiones Sur y Sudeste (comparadas con las otras) y en hombres. Son necesarias políticas públicas para reducir el consumo de comidas ultraprocesadas con enfásis en los estratos poblacionales en mayor riesgo. Monitorear la puntuación del consumo de comida ultraprocesada a través de estudios y poblaciones será importante para evaluar el éxito de estas políticas.

Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods: description and performance evaluation in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and evaluate its potential in reflecting the dietary share of UPF in Brazil. METHODS: This study was conducted in São Paulo with a convenience sample of 300 adults. Using a tablet, participants answered a 3-minute electronic self-report questionnaire on the consumption of 23 subgroups of UPF commonly consumed in Brazil, regarding the day prior the survey. Each participant score corresponded to the number of subgroups reported. The dietary share of UPF on the day prior to the survey, expressed as a percentage of total energy intake, was calculated based on data collected on a 30-minute complete 24-hour dietary recall administered by trained nutritionists. The association between the score and the dietary share of UPF was evaluated using linear regression models. The Pabak index was used to assess the agreement in participants' classification according to the fifths of Nova score and the fifths of dietary share of UPF. RESULTS: The average dietary share of UPF increased linearly and significantly with the increase of the Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods. We found a substantial agreement in participants' classification according to the fifths of the distribution of scores and the fifths of the dietary share of UPF (Pabak index = 0.67). Age was inversely associated with a relatively high frequency of UPF consumption (upper fifth of the distribution) for both score and dietary share of UPF. CONCLUSION: The Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods, obtained in a quick and practical manner, shows a good potential in reflecting the dietary share of UPF in Brazil.

Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods: description and performance evaluation in Brazil / Escore Nova de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados: descrição e avaliação de desempenho no Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and evaluate its potential in reflecting the dietary share of UPF in Brazil. METHODS This study was conducted in São Paulo with a convenience sample of 300 adults. Using a tablet, participants answered a 3-minute electronic self-report questionnaire on the consumption of 23 subgroups of UPF commonly consumed in Brazil, regarding the day prior the survey. Each participant score corresponded to the number of subgroups reported. The dietary share of UPF on the day prior to the survey, expressed as a percentage of total energy intake, was calculated based on data collected on a 30-minute complete 24-hour dietary recall administered by trained nutritionists. The association between the score and the dietary share of UPF was evaluated using linear regression models. The Pabak index was used to assess the agreement in participants' classification according to the fifths of Nova score and the fifths of dietary share of UPF. RESULTS The average dietary share of UPF increased linearly and significantly with the increase of the Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods. We found a substantial agreement in participants' classification according to the fifths of the distribution of scores and the fifths of the dietary share of UPF (Pabak index = 0.67). Age was inversely associated with a relatively high frequency of UPF consumption (upper fifth of the distribution) for both score and dietary share of UPF. CONCLUSION The Nova score for the consumption of ultra-processed foods, obtained in a quick and practical manner, shows a good potential in reflecting the dietary share of UPF in Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o escore Nova de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e avaliar seu potencial para refletir, no contexto brasileiro, a participação desses alimentos na dieta. MÉTODOS Estudo realizado na cidade de São Paulo com amostra de conveniência de 300 adultos, que responderam, em cerca de três minutos, em um tablet, a um questionário eletrônico de autorrelato sobre o consumo, no dia anterior, de 23 subgrupos de alimentos ultraprocessados comumente consumidos no Brasil. O escore de cada participante correspondeu ao número de subgrupos reportados. A participação de alimentos ultraprocessados no consumo alimentar do mesmo dia, expressa como percentual da ingestão total de energia, foi calculada por meio das respostas dos participantes a recordatório alimentar completo de 24 horas aplicado em cerca de 30 minutos por nutricionistas treinados. A associação entre o escore e a participação de ultraprocessados na dieta foi estudada por modelos de regressão linear. A concordância na classificação dos participantes segundo quintos do escore e quintos da participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta foi avaliada pelo índice Pabak. RESULTADOS O percentual médio de participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta aumentou linear e significativamente com o aumento do escore Nova de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Observou-se concordância substancial na classificação dos participantes segundo quintos da distribuição do escore e quintos da distribuição do percentual de participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta (índice Pabak = 0,67). Relação inversa da idade com a frequência de consumo relativamente elevado de alimentos ultraprocessados (quinto superior da distribuição) foi observada tanto para o escore quanto para a participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta. CONCLUSÃO O escore Nova de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, obtido de forma rápida e prática, apresenta bom potencial para refletir, no contexto brasileiro, a participação desses alimentos na dieta.

Agreement of body adiposity index (BAI) and paediatric body adiposity index (BAIp) in determining body fat in Brazilian children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate agreement of the body adiposity index (BAI) and paediatric body adiposity index (BAIp) in estimating body fat compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and to propose cut-off points for these indices to classify excess adiposity in Brazilian children and adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Measures of weight, height, hip circumference, BMI and body fat percentage (%BF) assessed by DXA were taken, and BAI and BAIp were calculated. The Bland-Altman plot was used to estimate agreement between the methods, and the receiver-operating characteristic curve to determine the cut-off points for BAI and BAIp per age and sex in comparison with DXA. SETTING: Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. SUBJECTS: Children and adolescents aged 8-19 years (n 1049). RESULTS: Of the children and adolescents, 52·4 % were girls. BAI and BAIp had satisfactory performance by the receiver-operating characteristic curve, except for the 18-19 years age group, whose BAIp had better predictive capacity than BAI. The agreement analysis showed that BAI overestimated %BF by 2·64 %, on average, using DXA; while BAIp underestimated %BF by 3·37 %. CONCLUSIONS: BAI and BAIp showed low agreement with the body fat obtained by DXA, requiring caution when interpreting body composition data in children and adolescents.

Medication consumption in a Brazilian area covered by the Family Health Strategy: Prevalence and associated factors / Consumo de medicamentos en el área de alcance de una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia: Prevalencia y factores associados / Consumo de medicamentos na área de abrangência de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família: Prevalência e fatores associados

Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the medication consumption among users registered in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) of Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Method: The population was constituted of all adult residents in the area covered by the FHS. The Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to the statistical analysis. Results: There were included 553 participants, of which 72% were women. The mean age was 48 years. The prevalence of medication consumption was about 74.9% (n = 414). The most consumed class medication was drugs that act on the cardiovascular system (42.2%). The factors associated with medication consumption were female gender (PR = 1.21; CI95%: 1.07 - 1.38), diagnosed morbidity (PR = 1.83; CI95%: 1.61 - 2.08) and be bedridden in the last month (PR = 1.14; 95% CI95%: 1.02 - 1.26). Moreover, 72.7% of the interviewees obtained the medicines in public pharmacies. Conclusion and implications for practice: Women, people diagnosed with morbidities and those participants who were bedridden during the last month showed the highest levels of drug consumption. Nursing professionals in promoting the rational use of medications can contribute to integral care to FHS users.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al consumo de medicamentos en los usuarios registrados en una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF) de Rondonópolis, del estado de Mato Grosso (Brasil). Método: El público fue formado por todos los adultos residentes en la zona de alcance de la ESF. Para el análisis estadístico fue utilizado el modelo de regresión Poison con varianza robusta. Resultados: Se incluyeron 553 participantes, de los cuales el 72% fueron mujeres. El promedio de edad fue de 48 años. La prevalencia de consumo de medicamentos fue de 74,9% (n = 414). La clase de medicación más consumida fue la de los fármacos que actúan en el sistema cardiovascular (42.2%). Los factores asociados al consumo de medicamentos fueron: género femenino (RP = 1,21; IC95%: 1,07-1,38), morbilidad diagnósticada (RP = 1,83; IC95%: 1,61-2,08) y estar encamado en el último mes (RP = 1,14; IC95%: 1,02-1,26). Además, 72,7% de los entrevistados obtiene los medicamentos en farmacias comerciales. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: Mujeres, personas diagnosticadas con morbilidad y participantes que estaban encamados en el último mes, presentaron mayor prevalencia de consumo de medicamentos. Los profesionales de enfermería al promover el uso racional de medicamentos pueden contribuir para un cuidado integral a los usuarios de la ESF.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao consumo de medicamentos em usuários cadastrados em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) de Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Método: A população foi constituída por todos os moradores adultos da área de abrangência da ESF. Para análise estatística foi empregado o modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: Foram incluídos 553 participantes, dos quais 72% foram mulheres. A idade média foi de 48 anos. A prevalência do consumo de medicamentos foi de 74,9% (n=414). A classe medicamentosa mais consumida foi dos fármacos que atuam no aparelho cardiovascular (42,2%). Os fatores associados ao consumo de medicamentos foram sexo feminino (RP = 1,21; IC95%: 1,07 - 1,38), morbidade diagnosticada (RP = 1,83; IC95%: 1,61 - 2,08) e estar acamado no último mês (RP = 1,14; IC95%: 1,02 - 1,26). Uma frequência de 72,7% dos entrevistados obtém os medicamentos em farmácias públicas. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: Mulheres, indivíduos com diagnóstico de morbidade e participantes que estiveram acamados no último mês apresentaram maiores prevalências de consumo de medicamentos. Os profissionais de enfermagem ao promoverem o uso racional de medicamentos podem contribuir para um cuidado integral aos usuários da ESF.

Uso de psicotrópicos em uma unidade de estratégia de saúde da família / Use of psychotropic drugs in family health strategy unit

Objetiva-se analisar o perfil dos usuários que consomem psicotrópicos, bem como os fatores associados a esta prática, em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) de Rondonópolis-MT. Pesquisa do tipo transversal e descritiva de caráter quantitativo. Participaram do estudo moradores maiores de 18 anos da área de abrangência de uma unidade de ESF de Rondonópolis, MT. Foram investigadas associações estatísticas entre o uso de psicotrópicos e os dados sociodemográficos, usando o teste Qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística. Foram incluídos no estudo 578 usuários. A prevalência de consumo de psicotrópicos foi de 9,86%. Os usuários de psicotrópicos são em sua maioria mulheres (78,95%), indivíduos com idade entre 18 a 59 anos (68,42%), com baixa escolaridade (68,42%) e pertencentes as classes econômicas C e D (64,91%). Verificou-se associação significativa entre uso de psicofármacos e estar trabalhando. As classes de psicotrópicos mais consumidas foram os antidepressivos, antiepiléticos e ansiolíticos. Estar inserido no mercado de trabalho é um fator preditor para o uso de psicotrópicos. Existe a necessidade da implementação de serviços que garantam o uso racional destes medicamentos

This study aims to analyze the profile of users who consume psychotropic drugs, as well as the factors associated with this practice, in a Family Health Strategy (ESF) of Rondonópolis-MT. A cross-sectional and descriptive research of a quantitative nature. The study participants were residents older than 18 years of age from the area covered by an ESF unit in Rondonópolis, MT. Statistical associations between the use of psychotropic drugs and sociodemographic data were investigated using the Chi-square test and logistic regression models. 578 users were included in the study. The prevalence of psychotropic use was 9.86%. Psychotropic users are mostly women (78.95%), individuals aged 18-59 years (68.42%), with low schooling (68.42%) and belonging to economic classes C and D (64.91%). There was a significant association between use of psychoactive drugs and being working. The most commonly used classes of psychotropics were antidepressants, antiepileptics and anxiolytics. Being inserted in the labor market is a predictive factor for the use of psychotropic drugs. There is a need for the implementation of services that guarantee the rational use of these drugs

Leukocytes as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in adolescents: association with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests / Leucócitos como marcadores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares na adolescência: associação com características de nascimento, situação nutricional e exames bioquímicos

To evaluate the correlation between the number of leukocytes and cardiovascular risks associated with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests. Methods: Cross-sectional study developed with 475 adolescents, born between 1992 and 2001, in the municipality of Viçosa (MG). Maternal medical records were analyzed in the hospital units, and the following was recorded: birth weight and length, head circumference, chest circumference, Apgar score, gestational age. In adolescents, body mass index, skinfold thickness, body composition, blood count, biochemical tests and clinical variables were also assessed. The statistical analyses was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Data Analysis and Statistical Software (STATA) with Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and Linear Regression. Significance level was set at α<0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFV for studies with human subjects. Results: Weight and birth length, head and chest circumference were higher among boys. In adolescents, the number of leukocytes was higher in individuals with excess weight and body fat and high adiposity index, waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference. Only altered triglycerides showed differences between leukocyte medians. Regardless of the anthropometric variable of the final regression model, the stage of adolescence, number of platelets, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were associated with the increase in leukocytes. Conclusions: The birth variables were not associated with changes in leukocyte numbers, whereas the anthropometric variables were good indicators for a higher leukocyte count, regardless of the stage of adolescence and gender.

Avaliar relação do número de leucócitos com riscos cardiovasculares associados às características de nascimento, situação nutricional e exames bioquímicos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 475 adolescentes, nascidos de 1992 a 2001, em Viçosa (MG). Buscaram-se os prontuários maternos nas unidades hospitalares. Foram registrados: peso e comprimento ao nascer, perímetro cefálico, perímetro torácico, boletim de Apgar, tempo de gestação. Na adolescência, avaliaram-se índice de massa corporal, pregas cutâneas, composição corporal, hemograma, exames bioquímicos e variáveis clínicas. Para análise usaram-se Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 e Data Analysis and Statistical Software (Stata), com os testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher e regressão linear. Nível de significância adotado α<0,05. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa com seres humanos da UFV. Resultados: O peso e o comprimento ao nascer, perímetro cefálico e torácico foram maiores entre os meninos. Na adolescência, o número de leucócitos foi maior nos indivíduos com excesso de peso e gordura corporal e elevados índice de adiposidade corporal, relação cintura-estatura e perímetro da cintura. Apenas os triglicerídeos alterados apresentaram diferença entre as medianas de leucócitos. Independentemente da variável antropométrica do modelo final de regressão, a fase da adolescência, o número de plaquetas, eosinófilos, monócitos e linfócitos associou-se ao aumento de leucócitos. Conclusões: As variáveis de nascimento não se associaram às alterações nos números de leucócitos, enquanto as variáveis antropométricas mostraram-se bons indicadores para maior número de leucócitos, independentemente da fase da adolescência e sexo.

[Leukocytes as risk markers for cardiovascular disease in adolescents: association with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests]. / Leucócitos como marcadores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares na adolescência: associação com características de nascimento, situação nutricional e exames bioquímicos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between the number of leukocytes and cardiovascular risks associated with birth characteristics, nutritional status and biochemical tests. METHODS: Cross-sectional study developed with 475 adolescents, born between 1992 and 2001, in the municipality of Viçosa (MG). Maternal medical records were analyzed in the hospital units, and the following was recorded: birth weight and length, head circumference, chest circumference, Apgar score, gestational age. In adolescents, body mass index, skinfold thickness, body composition, blood count, biochemical tests and clinical variables were also assessed. The statistical analyses was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Data Analysis and Statistical Software (STATA) with Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and Linear Regression. Significance level was set at α<0.05. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UFV for studies with human subjects. RESULTS: Weight and birth length, head and chest circumference were higher among boys. In adolescents, the number of leukocytes was higher in individuals with excess weight and body fat and high adiposity index, waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference. Only altered triglycerides showed differences between leukocyte medians. Regardless of the anthropometric variable of the final regression model, the stage of adolescence, number of platelets, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes were associated with the increase in leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The birth variables were not associated with changes in leukocyte numbers, whereas the anthropometric variables were good indicators for a higher leukocyte count, regardless of the stage of adolescence and gender.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS.

BACKGROUND: changes in lifestyle are related to early exposure of adolescents to comorbidities associated with cardiovascular disease. These conditions may have consequences in adulthood. OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk and its associated factors in the three phases of adolescence. METHODS: a cross-sectional study involving adolescents 10-19 years old in the city of Viçosa distributed in three stages. We evaluated laboratory tests, body mass index classified into Z-score according to gender and age, and the percentage of body fat classified by gender. We used the chi-square test, chi-square partition with Bonferroni correction and Poisson regression. The significance level was α < 0.05. The project was approved by the UFV Committee of Ethics and Research with Humans. RESULTS: overweight, excess body fat, lipid profile, sedentary behavior, and history of CVD in family were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents. The adolescents had higher rates of overweight and excess fat. As for the stages, the first one showed a higher percentage of individuals with sedentary behavior, overweight, total cholesterol and LDL in comparison with other stages. Individuals with changes in nutritional status were more likely to develop hypertension, changes in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA and low HDL when compared to healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: the cardiovascular risk factors have been observed in younger and younger individuals and are important factors to identify a population at risk.

Introducción: los cambios en el estilo de vida están relacionados con la exposición temprana de los adolescentes a las comorbilidades asociadas a la enfermedad cardiovascular. Estas condiciones pueden tener consecuencias en la edad adulta. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de riesgo cardiovascular y factores asociados en las tres fases de la adolescencia. Métodos: estudio transversal que incluye a adolescentes de 10-19 años en la ciudad de Viçosa, distribuidos en tres fases. Se evaluaron las pruebas de laboratorio, el índice de masa corporal clasificadas en Z-score, según el sexo y la edad, y el porcentaje de grasa corporal, clasificados por sexo. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, la partición de chi-cuadrado con corrección de Bonferroni y la regresión de Poisson. El nivel de significación fue < 0,05. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la UFV en humanos. Resultados: el sobrepeso, la grasa corporal, el perfil lipídico, el comportamiento sedentario y la historia de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la familia fueron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más prevalentes entre los adolescentes. Los adolescentes tenían tasas más altas de sobrepeso y grasa. En cuanto a las etapas, la inicial mostró un mayor porcentaje de individuos con comportamiento sedentario, sobrepeso y colesterol total y LDL en comparación con otras fases. Los individuos con cambios en el estado nutricional eran más propensos a desarrollar hipertensión, cambios en el colesterol total, LDL, triglicéridos, insulina, HOMA y HDL bajo, en comparación con los individuos sanos. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo cardiovascular se han observado en personas cada vez más jóvenes y son factores importantes para identificar una población en riesgo.

Cardiovascular risk and associated factors in adolescents / Riesgo cardiovascular y factores asociados en adolescentes

Background: changes in lifestyle are related to early exposure of adolescents to comorbidities associated with cardiovascular disease. These conditions may have consequences in adulthood. Objective: to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk and its associated factors in the three phases of adolescence. Methods: a cross-sectional study involving adolescents 10-19 years old in the city of Viçosa distributed in three stages. We evaluated laboratory tests, body mass index classified into Z-score according to gender and age, and the percentage of body fat classified by gender. We used the chi-square test, chi-square partition with Bonferroni correction and Poisson regression. The significance level was α < 0.05. The project was approved by the UFV Committee of Ethics and Research with Humans. Results: overweight, excess body fat, lipid profile, sedentary behavior, and history of CVD in family were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents. The adolescents had higher rates of overweight and excess fat. As for the stages, the first one showed a higher percentage of individuals with sedentary behavior, overweight, total cholesterol and LDL in comparison with other stages. Individuals with changes in nutritional status were more likely to develop hypertension, changes in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA and low HDL when compared to healthy individuals. Conclusions: the cardiovascular risk factors have been observed in younger and younger individuals and are important factors to identify a population at risk (AU)

Introducción: los cambios en el estilo de vida están relacionados con la exposición temprana de los adolescentes a las comorbilidades asociadas a la enfermedad cardiovascular. Estas condiciones pueden tener consecuencias en la edad adulta. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de riesgo cardiovascular y factores asociados en las tres fases de la adolescencia. Métodos: estudio transversal que incluye a adolescentes de 10-19 años en la ciudad de Viçosa, distribuidos en tres fases. Se evaluaron las pruebas de laboratorio, el índice de masa corporal clasificadas en Z-score, según el sexo y la edad, y el porcentaje de grasa corporal, clasificados por sexo. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, la partición de chi-cuadrado con corrección de Bonferroni y la regresión de Poisson. El nivel de significación fue α < 0,05. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la UFV en humanos. Resultados: el sobrepeso, la grasa corporal, el perfil lipídico, el comportamiento sedentario y la historia de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la familia fueron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más prevalentes entre los adolescentes. Los adolescentes tenían tasas más altas de sobrepeso y grasa. En cuanto a las etapas, la inicial mostró un mayor porcentaje de individuos con comportamiento sedentario, sobrepeso y colesterol total y LDL en comparación con otras fases. Los individuos con cambios en el estado nutricional eran más propensos a desarrollar hipertensión, cambios en el colesterol total, LDL, triglicéridos, insulina, HOMA y HDL bajo, en comparación con los individuos sanos. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo cardiovascular se han observado en personas cada vez más jóvenes y son factores importantes para identificar una población en riesgo (AU)

Anthropometric indices to identify metabolic syndrome and hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype: a comparison between the three stages of adolescence / Indicadores antropométricos para identificar síndrome metabólica e fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica: uma comparação entre as três fases da adolescência

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HW) in a representative adolescent sample; as well as to establish which anthropometric indicator better identifies MS and HW, according to gender and adolescent age. METHODS: This cross sectional study had the participation of 800 adolescents (414 girls) from 10-19 years old. Anthropometric indicators (body mass index, waist perimeter, waist/stature ratio, waist/hip ratio, and central/peripheral skinfolds) were determined by standard protocols. For diagnosis of MS, the criteria proposed by de Ferranti et al. (2004) were used. HW was defined by the simultaneous presence of increased waist perimeter (>75th percentile for age and sex) and high triglycerides (>100 mg/dL). The ability of anthropometric indicators was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was identical to HW (6.4%), without differences between genders and the adolescence phases. The waist perimeter showed higher area under the curve for the diagnosis of MS, except for boys with 17-19 years old, for whom the waist/stature ratio exhibited better performance. For diagnosing HW, waist perimeter also showed higher area under the curve, except for boys in initial and final phases, in which the waist/stature ratio obtained larger area under the curve. The central/peripheral skinfolds had the lowest area under the curve for the presence of both MS and HW phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: The waist perimeter and the waist/stature showed a better performance to identify MS and HW in both genders and in all three phases of adolescence.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a ocorrência de síndrome metabólica (SM) e do fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (CH) em amostra de adolescentes e estabelecer qual indicador antropométrico melhor identifica SM e CH, de acordo com gênero e fase da adolescência. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 800 adolescentes (414 meninas) de 10-19 anos. Indicadores antropométricos (índice de massa corporal, perímetro da cintura, relação cintura/estatura, relação cintura/quadril e relação pregas cutâneas centrais/periféricas) foram determinados por protocolos padronizados. Para diagnóstico da SM, foi usada a proposta de Ferranti et al. (2004). A CH foi definida pela presença simultânea de perímetro da cintura aumentado (>75 percentil por idade e sexo) e triglicerídeos elevados (>100 mg/dL). O desempenho dos indicadores antropométricos foi avaliado por meio da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de SM foi idêntica à de CH (6,4%), sem diferenças entre os gêneros e entre as fases da adolescência. O perímetro da cintura apresentou maior área abaixo da curva no diagnóstico da SM, exceto para meninos entre 17-19 anos, para os quais a relação cintura/estatura exibiu melhor desempenho. No diagnóstico da CH, a cintura isolada apresentou maior área abaixo da curva, exceto para os meninos nas fases inicial e final da adolescência, nos quais a relação cintura/estatura obteve maior área. A relação entre as pregas cutâneas apresentou pior desempenho para identificar SM e CH. CONCLUSÕES: O perímetro da cintura e a relação cintura/estatura mostraram o melhor desempenho para identificar SM e CH em ambos os sexos e nas três fases da adolescência.

[Anthropometric indices to identify metabolic syndrome and hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype: a comparison between the three stages of adolescence]. / Indicadores antropométricos para identificar síndrome metabólica e fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica: uma comparação entre as três fases da adolescência.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HW) in a representative adolescent sample; as well as to establish which anthropometric indicator better identifies MS and HW, according to gender and adolescent age. METHODS: This cross sectional study had the participation of 800 adolescents (414 girls) from 10-19 years old. Anthropometric indicators (body mass index, waist perimeter, waist/stature ratio, waist/hip ratio, and central/peripheral skinfolds) were determined by standard protocols. For diagnosis of MS, the criteria proposed by de Ferranti et al. (2004) were used. HW was defined by the simultaneous presence of increased waist perimeter (>75th percentile for age and sex) and high triglycerides (>100mg/dL). The ability of anthropometric indicators was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was identical to HW (6.4%), without differences between genders and the adolescence phases. The waist perimeter showed higher area under the curve for the diagnosis of MS, except for boys with 17-19 years old, for whom the waist/stature ratio exhibited better performance. For diagnosing HW, waist perimeter also showed higher area under the curve, except for boys in initial and final phases, in which the waist/stature ratio obtained larger area under the curve. The central/peripheral skinfolds had the lowest area under the curve for the presence of both MS and HW phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: The waist perimeter and the waist/stature showed a better performance to identify MS and HW in both genders and in all three phases of adolescence.

Estado nutricional, alterações metabólicas e hábitos alimentares em adolescentes do município de Viçosa, MG / Nutritional status, metabolic changes and food habits in adolescents of Viçosa, MG

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether excessive weight and body fat are associated with metabolic and food habits changes in adolescents METHODS: It was made the analysis Body composition, food habits, fasting glucose and lipid levels were analyzed from 159 adolescents, aged 10 to 14 years, male and female, from public schools in Viçosa MG. We used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Student's t distribution and Mann Whitney; Pearson and Spearman correlation, chi-square and Poisson regression, with p< 0.05. Results: From the total changes found, 25.6%; 39% and 67.3% corresponded, respectively, to overweight, excessive body fat and inadequate total cholesterol. Adolescents with excessive weight and body fat have the highest weight, waist and hip circumference, Body Mass Index of Fat (BMIF), Body Mass Index Fat Free (BMIFF) values. Overweight adolescents had a higher prevalence of HDL (PR = 2.55, 95%CI = 1.52 to 4.29) and triglycerides (PR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.44 to 7.57) inadequacy and those with excessive body fat have a tripled prevalence of low HDL levels (PR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.69 to 5.48, p < 0.001). The association between excessive weight and HDL and triglycerides remained significant following adjustment for gender and age; however, for excessive body fat, only the association with HDL remained significant after the adjustment (PR = 3.07, 95%CI = 1.70 to 5.54). There was no association of nutritional status (BMI/age) and body fat percentage with inadequate intake of food groups, as well as the inadequate availability of sugar and oil. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive weight and/or body fat was associated with inadequate levels of HDL and triglycerides, reinforcing the importance of adequate lifestyle to prevent these changes

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o excesso de peso e o excesso de gordura corporal estão associados com alterações metabólicas e hábitos alimentares em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Analisaram se composição corporal, hábitos alimentares, glicemia de jejum e níveis lipídicos de 159 adolescentes de 10-14 anos, de ambos os sexos, de escolas públicas de Viçosa, MG. Utilizaram-se os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t de Student e Mann Whitney; correlação de Pearson e Spearman, qui-quadrado e regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada, com p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Em relação às alterações apresentadas, 25,6%, 39% e 67,3% apresentaram, respectivamente, excesso de peso, excesso de gordura corporal e colesterol total inadequado. Adolescentes com excesso de peso e de gordura corporal apresentaram maiores valores de peso, circunferência da cintura e do quadril, Índice de Massa Corporal de Gordura (IMCG) e Índice de Massa Corporal Livre de Gordura (IMCLG). Adolescentes com excesso de peso apresentaram maiores prevalências de inadequação de HDL (RP = 2,55; 95%IC = 1,52 4,29) e triglicerídeos (RP = 3,30; 95%IC = 1,44-7,57) e adolescentes com excesso de gordura corporal apresentaram uma prevalência triplicada de baixos níveis de HDL (RP = 3,05; 95%IC = 1,69-5,48; p grupos alimentares, bem como com a inadequação da disponibilidade de açúcar e de óleo. CONCLUSÕES: O excesso de peso e/ou de gordura corporal esteve associado aos níveis inadequados de HDL e triglicerídeos, reforçando a importância do estilo de vida adequado para prevenção dessas alterações

[Nutritional status, metabolic changes and white blood cells in adolescents]. / Estado nutricional, alterações metabólicas e células brancas na adolescência.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the peripheral blood white cells, metabolic changes, and nutritional status of adolescents with and without excess weight and body fat. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) in 362 adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age, of both sexes. White blood cell count, platelet count, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. The inclusion criteria were agreement to participate in the study and signature of the informed consent. Exclusion criteria were: presence of chronic or infectious disease; use of medications that could cause changes in biochemical tests; pregnancy; participation in weight reduction and weight control programs; use of diuretics and laxatives; or the presence of a pacemaker. The following statistical tests were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t or Mann-Whitney test, Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and chi-squared test, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: Overweight was observed in 20.7% of adolescents. The total cholesterol (TC) had a higher percentage of inadequacy (52.2%), followed by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (38.4%). There was a positive correlation between white cells and serum lipids, insulin, body fat, and BMI. Monocytes were negatively correlated with BMI, and rods with BMI, body fat, and insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status is related to an inflammatory process, and adolescents with excess weight or body fat presented higher amounts of white blood cells.

Nutritional status, metabolic changes and white blood cells in adolescents / Estado nutricional, alterações metabólicas e células brancas na adolescência

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the peripheral blood white cells, metabolic changes, and nutritional status of adolescents with and without excess weight and body fat. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) in 362 adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age, of both sexes. White blood cell count, platelet count, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. The inclusion criteria were agreement to participate in the study and signature of the informed consent. Exclusion criteria were: presence of chronic or infectious disease; use of medications that could cause changes in biochemical tests; pregnancy; participation in weight reduction and weight control programs; use of diuretics and laxatives; or the presence of a pacemaker. The following statistical tests were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t or Mann-Whitney test, Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and chi-squared test, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: Overweight was observed in 20.7% of adolescents. The total cholesterol (TC) had a higher percentage of inadequacy (52.2%), followed by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (38.4%). There was a positive correlation between white cells and serum lipids, insulin, body fat, and BMI. Monocytes were negatively correlated with BMI, and rods with BMI, body fat, and insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status is related to an inflammatory process, and adolescents with excess weight or body fat presented higher amounts of white blood cells...

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre as células brancas do sangue periférico e as alterações metabólicas e estado nutricional de adolescentes com e sem excesso de peso e gordura corporal. MÉTODOS: Avaliou-se, em estudo transversal, o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) em 362 adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. Os critérios gerais de inclusão foram: ter aceitado participar da pesquisa e assinado o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os critérios de exclusão foram: relatar a presença de doenças crônicas ou infecciosas; usar medicamentos que pudessem causar alteração nos exames bioquímicos; ter engravidado; ter participado de programas de redução e controle de peso; usar diuréticos/laxantes ou usar marcapasso. Realizou-se leucograma, contagem de plaquetas, ácido úrico, glicemia de jejum, insulina e perfil lipídico. Utilizaram-se os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t de Student ou Mann Whitney, correlação de Pearson ou de Spearman e qui-quadrado, considerando significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Excesso de peso foi verificado em 20,7% dos adolescentes. O colesterol total (CT) apresentou maior porcentagem de inadequação (52,2%), seguido da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) (38,4%). Encontraram-se correlações positivas entre células brancas e lipídeos séricos, insulina, gordura corporal e IMC. Os monócitos apresentaram correlação negativa com IMC e os bastonetes com IMC, gordura corporal e insulina. CONCLUSÕES: O estado nutricional está relacionado com um quadro inflamatório, sendo que adolescentes com excesso de peso e/ou de gordura corporal apresentaram maiores quantidades de células brancas...

Prediction of body fat in adolescents: comparison of two electric bioimpedance devices with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry / Predicción de la grasa corporal en adolescentes: comparación de dos dispositivos de bioimpedancia eléctrica con absorciometría dual de rayos X

Introduction: An accurate estimate of body composition is important in assessing and monitoring the nutritional status of adolescents. Objectives: To compare the accuracy of 2 electrical bioimpedance devices with that of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to predict body fat in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: We evaluated 500 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years, stratified by sex and divided into overweight and non-overweight groups. The percentage of body fat (%BF) was estimated using 2 types of electrical bioimpedance devices: BIA1 (horizontal tetrapolar bioimpedance equipment) and BIA2 (vertical 8-electrode bioimpedance equipment), as well as by DXA. A Bland- Altman plot was used to calculate the total errors and standard errors of estimate. Results: Considering BMI for age, 19.4% were overweight and 47.4% as assessed by %BF of DXA were overweight. The %BF estimated by BIA2 correlated well (p < 0.05) with the %BF predicted by DXA, and only the total errors for BIA2 in the overweight group were acceptable (≤2.5%). The standard errors of estimate was <3.5%, with the lowest values observed for BIA2. Both BIA1 and BIA2 underestimated the %BF in overweight adolescents, while overestimating the %BF in male adolescents of normal weight. Conclusions: The BIA2 was found to be more effective in the evaluation of body fat. Regardless of the method used, the results should be carefully interpreted when assessing the body composition of adolescents (AU)

Introducción: Una estimación precisa de la composición corporal es importante para evaluar y monitorear el estado nutricional de los adolescentes. Objetivos: Comparar la exactitud de 2 dispositivos de bioimpedancia eléctrica con la absortometria de rayos X de doble energía (AXD) para predecir la grasa corporal en adolescentes brasileños. Métodos: Se evaluaron 500 adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años, estratificados por sexo y divididos en grupos con sobrepeso y sin sobrepeso. El porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) se estimó utilizando 2 tipos de bioimpedancia eléctrica: BIA1 (equipo de bioimpedancia tetrapolar horizontal) y BIA2 (vertical equipo de bioimpedancia 8 electrodos), así como por AXD. Un gráfico de Bland-Altman se utilizó para calcular los errores totales y errores estándar de estimación. Resultados: Teniendo en cuenta el IMC para la edad, el 19,4% tenían sobrepeso y el 47,4% según la evaluación de %GC de DXA tenían sobrepeso. El %GC estimado por BIA2 buena correlación (p<0,05) con el %GC pronosticado por AXD, y sólo los errores totales para BIA2 en el grupo de sobrepeso eran aceptables (≤2,5%). Los errores estándar de estimación fue <3,5%, con los valores más bajos observados para BIA2. Tanto BIA1 y BIA2 subestimaron el %GC en los adolescentes con sobrepeso, mientras que sobreestimar el %GC de los adolescentes varones de peso normal. Conclusiones: El BIA2 se encontró que era más eficaz en la evaluación de la grasa corporal. Independientemente del método utilizado, los resultados deben interpretarse con cautela al evaluar la composición corporal de los adolescentes (AU)