Systematic Review on the Applicability of Principal Component Analysis for the Study of Movement in the Older Adult Population.

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a dimensionality reduction method that has identified significant differences in older adults' motion analysis previously not detected by the discrete exploration of biomechanical variables. This systematic review aims to synthesize the current evidence regarding PCA use in the study of movement in older adults (kinematics and kinetics), summarizing the tasks and biomechanical variables studied. From the search results, 1685 studies were retrieved, and 19 studies were included for review. Most of the included studies evaluated gait or quiet standing. The main variables considered included spatiotemporal parameters, range of motion, and ground reaction forces. A limited number of studies analyzed other tasks. Further research should focus on the PCA application in tasks other than gait to understand older adults' movement characteristics that have not been identified by discrete analysis.

Characterization of Nutritional, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Three Strawberry "Fragaria × ananassa Duch." Cultivars ("Primoris", "Endurance", and "Portola") from Western Region of Portugal.

In this study, nutritional composition (protein, lipids, carbohydrates, ash, and moisture), physicochemical properties (soluble solid content, titratable acidity, texture and instrumental colour on surface, and internal section), phytochemicals (total phenolic content and anthocyanin content), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH-2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power) of three strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars (cv. "Primoris", cv. "Endurance", and cv. "Portola") produced in the western region of Portugal (Caldas da Rainha) were evaluated. From the obtained, results no significant differences (P > 0.05) in nutritional composition were detected in all of the cultivars; with the exception of lower protein content observed in cv. "Portola" (0.57 g/100 g ± 0.04; P < 0.05). Regarding the a* value of whole strawberry fruits, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in any of the cultivars, which revealed a similar redness. The cv. "Endurance" revealed the highest bioactivity content compared to the other cultivars. Overall, these results provide important information about the high quality of strawberry produced in the western region of Portugal and may be used as a tool for adding value to a functional food in the Mediterranean diet due to the phytochemical composition and nutritional value of strawberry fruits.

Addictive Video Game Use: An Emerging Pediatric Problem?

INTRODUCTION: The excessive use of video games is an emerging problem that has been studied in the context of addictive behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of use of addictive video games in a group of children and to identify risk factors, protective factors and potential consequences of these behaviors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational and cross-sectional study of children from the sixth grade using an anonymous questionnaire. Addictive video game use was defined by the presence of 5 out of 9 behavioral items adapted from the DSM-5 criteria for 'Pathological gambling'. Children who answered 'yes' to 4 items were included in the "Risk group for addictive video game use". We delivered 192 questionnaires and 152 were received and included in the study (79.2% response rate). SPSS statistical software was used. RESULTS: Half of the participants were male and the median age was 11 years old. Use of addictive video games was present in 3.9% of children and 33% fulfilled the risk group criteria. Most children played alone. We found additional factors associated with being in the risk group: greater time of use; online, action and fighting games (p < 0.001). Children with risk behaviors showed a shorter sleep duration (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: A significant number of children of our sample met criteria for addictive video games use in an early age and a greater number may be at risk (33%). This is a problem that warrants further research and clinical attention. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study helps to understand that addiction to video games in children is an emergent problem.

Introdução: O uso excessivo de vídeojogos é um problema emergente que tem vindo a ser estudado no âmbito de comportamentos de dependência. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de dependência de vídeojogos num grupo de crianças e identificar fatores protetores ou de risco e potenciais consequências deste comportamento. Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal e observacional de uma população de crianças, do sexto ano escolar, através de um questionário anónimo. A dependência de vídeojogos foi definida como presença de 5 dos 9 comportamentos adaptados dos critérios do DSM-5 de 'pathological gambling'. Crianças com 4 dos 9 critérios foram incluídas no 'Grupo de risco para dependência de vídeojogos'. Foram entregues 192 questionários, com resposta a 152 (taxa de resposta 79,2%). A análise estatística foi feita com base no SPSS. Resultados: Metade dos participantes eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade 11 anos. A dependência de vídeojogos esteve presente em 3,9% da população, sendo que cerca de 33% da amostra cumpria critérios de 'risco de dependência de vídeojogos'. A maioria das crianças joga sozinha. Outros fatores de risco encontrados para 'Grupo de risco de dependência' foram mais tempo de uso; tipo de jogo online, ação e luta (p < 0,001). Este grupo de crianças apresenta menos tempo de sono. Discussão: Um número significativo de crianças da nossa amostra cumpre critérios de dependência de viídeojogos numa idade precoce, e um número maior pode estar em risco desse comportamento (33%). É um problema clínico emergente, que merece atenção e mais estudos. Conclusão: Este estudo exploratório sugere que a dependência de videojogos em crianças é um problema emergente.

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of New Fluoroamodiaquine Analogues.

Malaria is one of the most important tropical diseases; the use of amodiaquine as a current chemotherapy in the treatment of malaria has shown some problems such as hepatotoxicity and agranulocytosis. In this work we present the rational design, synthesis, and biological evaluation (antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity) of four new fluoroamodiaquine analogues. The results showed significant correlation between MolDock score and IC50 values. The molecules 7b and c were the most active of the planned compounds, with lower IC50 against Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain (0.9 and 0.8 µM, respectively) and an excellent cytotoxicity profile. The present study revealed no mutagenicity or genotoxicity for the analogues. Confirming our docking results, the molecular dynamics showed that compound 7b remains stably bound to the heme group by means of π-stacking interactions between quinoline and the porphyrin ring. Based on these findings, this study may prove to be an efficient approach for the rational design of hemozoin inhibiting compounds to treat malaria.