Healthy lifestyle and genomic ancestry related to good glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients from Northeastern Brazil: a hierarchical analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic factors, dietary adherence, regular physical activity, and genomic ancestry percentage associated with good glycemic control in Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using a hierarchical approach. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 152 T1D patients. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels were measured to evaluate the glycemic control status (good, moderate, or poor). Independent factors included sex, age, self-reported skin color, educational level, family income, dietary patterns, and physical activity. The percentage of genomic ancestry (Native American, European, and African) was influenced by a panel of 46 autosomal insertion/deletion ancestry markers. Statistical analyses included receiver operating characteristic curves, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Results: The hierarchical analysis, patients who had high dietary adherence showed a positive association with good glycemic control (adjustedOR = 2.56, 95% CI:1.18-5.59, P = 0.016). Thus, age greater than 40 years was associated with good glycemic control compared to the children and adolescents group (adjustedOR = 4.55, 95% CI:1.14-18.1, P = 0.031). Males were associated with good glycemic control (adjustedOR = 2.00, 95% CI:1.01-4.00, P =0.047). Conclusion: The study findings suggest that consistent adherence to dietary regimens is associated with good glycemic control after adjusting for sociodemographic and genomic ancestry factors in an admixed population of T1D patients from Northeast Brazil.

Differences in Puberty of Girls before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in consultations for precocious puberty. We aim to analyze differences in female puberty before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional analytical study was designed at the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão in São Luis, Brazil. We included 55 girls with precocious puberty, 22 who started puberty during the pandemic and 33 who started puberty before the pandemic. Clinical, anthropometric, laboratory and imaging variables were compared between groups. Statistics were performed to determine if there was a statistical difference between the groups. Girls with puberty during the pandemic had higher Z-scores for weight (1.08 ± 1.29 versus 0.69 ± 0.83; p = 0.04), lower ovarian volume (1.88 ± 0.95 versus 3.15 ± 2.31; p = 0.01), and smaller differences between thelarche noticed by the parents and the diagnosis (6.63 ± 5.21 versus 12.15 ± 9.96; p = 0.02). The association between precocious puberty during the pandemic with higher Z-scores for weight, lower ovarian volume, and a reduction in the time between the perception of pubertal findings by parents and the diagnosis suggests the influence of the pandemic on the normal time of puberty.

Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Clinical Data and Autosomal Ancestry in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Admixed Brazilian Population.

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a major cause of death in this population. This study investigates early markers of CVD associated with clinical data and autosomal ancestry in T1D patients from an admixed Brazilian population. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 99 T1D patients. The mean age of the study sample was 27.6 years and the mean duration of T1D was 14.4 years. The frequencies of abnormalities of the early markers of CVD were 19.6% in the ankle-brachial index (ABI), 4.1% in the coronary artery calcium score (CACS), and 5% in the carotid Doppler. A significant percentage of agreement was observed for the comparison of the frequency of abnormalities between CACS and carotid Doppler (92.2%, p = 0.041). There was no significant association between the level of autosomal ancestry proportions and early markers of CVD. The ABI was useful in the early identification of CVD in asymptomatic young patients with T1D and with a short duration of disease. Although CACS and carotid Doppler are non-invasive tests, carotid Doppler is more cost-effective, and both have limitations in screening for CVD in young patients with a short duration of T1D. We did not find a statistically significant relationship between autosomal ancestry proportions and early CVD markers in an admixed Brazilian population.

Genetic ancestry inferred from autosomal and Y chromosome markers and HLA genotypes in Type 1 Diabetes from an admixed Brazilian population.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between genetic ancestry inferred from autosomal and Y chromosome markers and HLA genotypes in patients with Type 1 Diabetes from an admixed Brazilian population. Inference of autosomal ancestry; HLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 typifications; and Y chromosome analysis were performed. European autosomal ancestry was about 50%, followed by approximately 25% of African and Native American. The European Y chromosome was predominant. The HLA-DRB1*03 and DRB1*04 alleles presented risk association with T1D. When the Y chromosome was European, DRB1*03 and DRB1*04 homozygote and DRB1*03/DRB1*04 heterozygote genotypes were the most frequent. The results suggest that individuals from Maranhão have a European origin as their major component; and are patrilineal with greater frequency from the R1b haplogroup. The predominance of the HLA-DRB1*03 and DRB1*04 alleles conferring greater risk in our population and being more frequently related to the ancestry of the European Y chromosome suggests that in our population, the risk of T1D can be transmitted by European ancestors of our process miscegenation. However, the Y sample sizes of Africans and Native Americans were small, and further research should be conducted with large mixed sample sizes to clarify this possible association.

Elevated leptin levels in healthy climacteric women from Northeastern Brazil: an effect of age or adiposity?

OBJECTIVE: Climacterium is associated with elevated leptin levels and increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. Conflicting data diverge on whether high leptin levels in climacterium reflect increasing adipose mass or, at least partially, age-related hormonal changes. This study addresses this issue in women from a Brazilian state with a low human development index. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted, enrolling 136 women from the state of Maranhão, 52 (38.2%) climacteric and 84 (61.8%) non-climacteric. Biometric, biochemical, hormonal and immunological parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Climacteric women showed a moderately increased waist/hip ratio (0.894 versus 0.834, p < 0.05), sustained body mass index (27.46 versus 28.68, p > 0.05) increased leptin levels (9.59 versus 7.13, p < 0.05) and no evidence of metabolic syndrome. No other parameters were altered. The climacteric cohort didn't show significant body fat gains but displayed a typical age-related redistribution of adipose tissue. Even so, leptin levels were significantly elevated compared with non-climacteric women. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these data support the hypothesis that leptin is elevated, at least partially, as a function of age and climacterium and is not necessarily correlated with metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of higher leptin levels on postmenopausal women. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):276-81.

Elevated leptin levels in healthy climacteric women from Northeastern Brazil: an effect of age or adiposity?

ABSTRACT Objective Climacterium is associated with elevated leptin levels and increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. Conflicting data diverge on whether high leptin levels in climacterium reflect increasing adipose mass or, at least partially, age-related hormonal changes. This study addresses this issue in women from a Brazilian state with a low human development index. Subjects and methods A case-control study was conducted, enrolling 136 women from the state of Maranhão, 52 (38.2%) climacteric and 84 (61.8%) non-climacteric. Biometric, biochemical, hormonal and immunological parameters were analyzed. Results Climacteric women showed a moderately increased waist/hip ratio (0.894 versus 0.834, p < 0.05), sustained body mass index (27.46 versus 28.68, p > 0.05) increased leptin levels (9.59 versus 7.13, p < 0.05) and no evidence of metabolic syndrome. No other parameters were altered. The climacteric cohort didn't show significant body fat gains but displayed a typical age-related redistribution of adipose tissue. Even so, leptin levels were significantly elevated compared with non-climacteric women. Conclusions Altogether, these data support the hypothesis that leptin is elevated, at least partially, as a function of age and climacterium and is not necessarily correlated with metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of higher leptin levels on postmenopausal women. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):276-81

Cholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol promote thyroid carcinoma aggressiveness.

Cholesterol mediates its proliferative and metastatic effects via the metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC), at least in breast and endometrial cancer. We determined the serum lipoprotein profile, intratumoral cholesterol and 27-HC levels in a cohort of patients with well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC; low/intermediate and high risk), advanced thyroid cancers (poorly differentiated, PDTC and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, ATC) and benign thyroid tumors, as well as the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. We investigated the gene expression profile, cellular proliferation, and migration in Nthy-ori 3.1 and CAL-62 cell lines loaded with human low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Patients with more aggressive tumors (high-risk PTC and PDTC/ATC) showed a decrease in blood LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. These changes were associated with an increase in the expression of the thyroid's LDL receptor, whereas 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase were downregulated, with an intratumoral increase of the 27-HC metabolite. Furthermore, LDL promoted proliferation in both the Nthy-ori 3.1 and CAL-62 thyroid cellular models, but only in ATC cells was its cellular migration increased significantly. We conclude that cholesterol and intratumoral accumulation of 27-HC promote the aggressive behavior process of PTC. Targeting cholesterol metabolism could be a new therapeutic strategy in thyroid tumors with poor prognosis.

Profile of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at Increased Risk for Large for Gestational Age Newborns.

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a higher risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and its main complication is the occurrence of large for gestational age (LGA) newborns. The present study aims to characterize pregnant women with GDM and to identify factors associated with the occurrence of LGA newborns in this population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed based on medical records of women whose prenatal care and delivery were performed at the Maternal and Child Unit of the Hospital Universitário of the Universidade Federal do Maranhão, state of Maranhão, Brazil. A total of 116 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were included according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG). RESULTS: The variables associated with LGA newborns after multivariate analysis were: obesity prior to pregnancy (OR = 11.6; 95% CI: 1.40-95.9), previous macrosomia (OR = 34.7; 95% CI: 4.08-295.3), high blood glucose levels in the 3rd trimester (OR = 2,67; 95% CI: 1.01-7.12) and combined change in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (fasting + postdextrose) (OR = 3.53; 95% CI: 1.25-14.2) = 1.17-10.6). Otherwise, insufficient weight gain during pregnancy reduced the risk for LGA newborns (OR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01-0.32). CONCLUSION: Obesity prior to pregnancy, previous macrosomia, high blood glucose levels in the 3rd trimester, and combined change in the OGTT were independent predictive factors for LGA newborns in pregnant women with GDM.

OBJETIVO: Diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) está associado a um maior risco de morbidade e mortalidade perinatais, e sua principal complicação é a ocorrência de recém-nascidos grandes para idade gestacional (GIG). O presente estudo visa caracterizar as gestantes com DMG e identificar fatores associados à ocorrência de recém-nascidos GIG nesta população. MéTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado a partir da coleta de dados de prontuário de mulheres cujo acompanhamento pré-natal e parto foram realizados na Unidade Materno-Infantil do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, MA, Brasil. Foram incluídas 116 gestantes diagnosticadas com DMG pelo critério do International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG). RESULTADOS: As variáveis associadas à GIG após análise multivariada foram: obesidade pré-gestacional (OR= 11,6; IC 95%: 1,40­95,9), macrossomia anterior (OR = 34,7; IC 95%: 4,08­295,3), glicemia em jejum elevada no 3° trimestre (OR = 2,67; IC 95%: 1,01­7,12) e alteração combinada no teste de tolerância oral à glicose (jejum + pós-dextrose) (OR= 3,53; IC 95%: 1,17­10,6). Ganho de peso inferior reduziu o risco para GIG (OR= 0,04; IC 95%: 0,01­0,32). CONCLUSãO: Obesidade anterior à gestação, macrossomia prévia, níveis elevados de glicose no sangue no 3° trimestre e alteração combinada no TOTG foram fatores preditivos independentes para os recém-nascidos GIG em gestantes com DMG.

Differential Expression of HMGA1 and HMGA2 in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Defining biomarkers for invasive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) is highly desirable. The high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are among the most widely expressed cancer-associated proteins. Indeed, their overexpression is a frequent feature of human malignancies, including PitNETs. We show that nonfunctioning PitNETs (NF-PitNETs) express significantly higher levels of HMGA1 than somatotropinomas (GHs) and corticotropinomas (ACTHs). Furthermore, HMGA2 expression was detected only in NF-PitNETs and was significantly higher in larger tumors than in smaller tumors. HMGA expression analysis generally focuses on nuclear staining. Here, cytoplasmic HMGA staining was also found. PitNETs displayed strong nuclear HMGA1 and strong cytoplasmic HMGA2 immunoreactivity. Interestingly, the HMGA1 and HMGA2 nuclear expression levels were significantly higher in invasive adenomas than in noninvasive adenomas. The highest levels of nuclear HMGA2 were found in GHs. In conclusion, we show that overexpression of nuclear HMGA proteins could be a potential biomarker of invasive PitNETs, particularly HMGA2 for GHs. HMGA2 might be a reliable biomarker for NF-PitNETs.

Does the Bethesda category predict aggressive features in differentiated thyroid cancer?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the importance of preoperative cytology of thyroid nodules and its relationship with mortality risk, recurrence risk, dynamic stratification, and aggressive characteristics (vascular invasion, aggressive histology, incomplete tumor resection, extrathyroidal extension of the tumor, and presence of lymph node and distant metastases). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of 153 patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and following up at the Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra between January 1999 and December 2016. RESULTS: In all, 96% of the patients were female, 79.7% had papillary carcinoma and the most common fine-needle aspiration (FNA) result was Bethesda II (29.4%). The mean age was 43.11 ± 12.8 years. Overall, 85% of the patients progressed without any evidence of disease. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presurgical FNA and the presence of extrathyroidal extension, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative cytology of the nodule may have an impact on the follow-up of patients with DTC. Future studies in a larger population are required to confirm this finding.

Does the Bethesda category predict aggressive features in differentiated thyroid cancer?

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the importance of preoperative cytology of thyroid nodules and its relationship with mortality risk, recurrence risk, dynamic stratification, and aggressive characteristics (vascular invasion, aggressive histology, incomplete tumor resection, extrathyroidal extension of the tumor, and presence of lymph node and distant metastases). Subjects and methods: Retrospective evaluation of 153 patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and following up at the Hospital Universitário Presidente Dutra between January 1999 and December 2016. Results: In all, 96% of the patients were female, 79.7% had papillary carcinoma and the most common fine-needle aspiration (FNA) result was Bethesda II (29.4%). The mean age was 43.11 ± 12.8 years. Overall, 85% of the patients progressed without any evidence of disease. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presurgical FNA and the presence of extrathyroidal extension, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: The preoperative cytology of the nodule may have an impact on the follow-up of patients with DTC. Future studies in a larger population are required to confirm this finding.

Acromegalic cardiomyopathy in an extensively admixed population: is there a role for GH/IGF-I axis?

BACKGROUND: A specific acromegaly-related cardiomyopathy has been described in the literature, largely in Caucasians, which is independent of other risk factors, mainly hypertension. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the cardiac changes in acromegalics of significant ethnic diversity and also the relevance of the aetiopathogenic factors involved, such as disease activity and hypertension. DESIGN: It is a cross-sectional study with a comparative control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, 37 acromegalic patients (20 Intermediate-skinned (IS), 14 Dark-skinned (DS) and three Light-skinned (LS) individuals) and 74 controls matched by age, gender and hypertension were evaluated. Cardiac morphology and function were addressed using echocardiography parameters. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 46.9 ± 12.8 years, with 67.6% being women and 43.2% hypertensive. The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) between acromegalics was 56.8% vs 10.8% in the controls (P < 0.001). About 86% of patients with LVH had active disease (P = 0.023). Logistic regression revealed that disease activity presented a stronger association (OR = 5.925; CI = 1.085-32.351; P = 0.040) with LVH than hypertension (OR = 3.237; CI = 0.702-14.924; P = 0.132). When DS acromegalics were compared with IS ones, no statistically significant differences were observed. CONCLUSION: Chronically hyperactive somatotropic axis remains as an independent and determining factor in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, as it is more associated with this condition than hypertension in a largely admixed population with a high degree of African ancestry.

Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in a systemic arterial hypertension league.

BACKGROUND: Until recently, primary hyperaldosteronism was considered a rare cause of secondary hypertension. However, in recent years, many studies have suggested that this disease can affect up to 20% of hypertensive individuals. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in hypertensive patients treated at the hypertension league of a university hospital. METHODS: Serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity levels were measured in 105 patients while they were undergoing standard antihypertensive treatment, with the exception of those using betablockers and spironolactone, in fasting condition and after rest in the supine position for 20 minutes. Those with an aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio > 25 were submitted to the saline suppression test and, after the confirmation of the autonomy of aldosterone secretion, a computed tomography of the adrenals was performed. The results are presented as percentages and means and standard deviations. RESULTS: Of the 105 patients, 6.54% presented refractory hypertension. Nine presented an aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio > 25 (8.5% of the total). Of these, 08 were submitted to the saline suppression test and 01 (with refractory hypertension) had the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism confirmed (0.96% of the total). A computed tomography of the adrenals was performed, which showed normal results. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in the studied sample was 0.96% of the total. However, when only the patients with refractory hypertension were evaluated, the prevalence was 14.3%.

Prevalência do hiperaldosteronismo primário em uma liga de hipertensão arterial sistêmica / Prevalencia del hiperaldosteronismo primario en una liga de hipertensión arterial sistémica / Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in a systemic arterial hypertension league

FUNDAMENTO: Até recentemente, o hiperaldosteronismo primário era considerado uma causa rara de hipertensão secundária. Porém, ao longo dos últimos anos, muitos estudos têm sugerido que essa doença pode afetar até 20 por cento dos hipertensos. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência do hiperaldosteronismo primário em pacientes hipertensos em tratamento na liga de hipertensão de um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas dosagens de aldosterona sérica e atividade plasmática da renina em 105 pacientes, em vigência do tratamento anti-hipertensivo usual, excetuando-se aqueles em uso de beta-bloqueadores e espironolactona, em jejum e após repouso na posição deitada por 20 minutos. Aqueles com relação aldosterona/atividade plasmática da renina maior que 25 foram submetidos ao teste de supressão com sobrecarga salina endovenosa e, após a confirmação da autonomia da secreção de aldosterona, foi realizada tomografia computadorizada das adrenais. Os resultados são apresentados como porcentagens, médias e desvios-padrão. RESULTADOS: Dos 105 pacientes, 6,54 por cento eram hipertensos refratários. Nove apresentaram relação aldosterona/atividade plasmática da renina > 25 (8,5 por cento do total). Destes, oito foram submetidos ao teste de supressão e um (hipertenso refratário) teve o diagnóstico confirmado de hiperaldosteronismo primário (0,96 por cento do total). Foi realizada tomografia computadorizada de adrenais, sendo considerada normal. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência do hiperaldosteronismo primário na amostra estudada foi de 0,96 por cento do total. No entanto, quando avaliados apenas os portadores de hipertensão refratária, a prevalência foi de 14,3 por cento.

BACKGROUND: Until recently, primary hyperaldosteronism was considered a rare cause of secondary hypertension. However, in recent years, many studies have suggested that this disease can affect up to 20 percent of hypertensive individuals. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in hypertensive patients treated at the hypertension league of a university hospital. METHODS: Serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity levels were measured in 105 patients while they were undergoing standard antihypertensive treatment, with the exception of those using betablockers and spironolactone, in fasting condition and after rest in the supine position for 20 minutes. Those with an aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio > 25 were submitted to the saline suppression test and, after the confirmation of the autonomy of aldosterone secretion, a computed tomography of the adrenals was performed. The results are presented as percentages and means and standard deviations. RESULTS: Of the 105 patients, 6.54 percent presented refractory hypertension. Nine presented an aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio > 25 (8.5 percent of the total). Of these, 08 were submitted to the saline suppression test and 01 (with refractory hypertension) had the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism confirmed (0.96 percent of the total). A computed tomography of the adrenals was performed, which showed normal results. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in the studied sample was 0.96 percent of the total. However, when only the patients with refractory hypertension were evaluated, the prevalence was 14.3 percent.

FUNDAMENTO: Hasta recientemente, se consideraba el hiperaldosteronismo primario como una causa rara de hipertensión secundaria. Sin embargo, a lo largo de los últimos años, muchos estudios han sugerido que esa enfermedad puede afectar hasta el 20 por ciento de los hipertensos. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia del Hiperaldosteronismo Primario en pacientes hipertensos en tratamiento en la Liga de Hipertensión de un Hospital Universitario. MÉTODOS: Se realizaron dosificaciones de aldosterona sérica y actividad plasmática de la renina en 105 pacientes, en vigencia del tratamiento antihipertensivo usual, excepto aquellos en uso de betabloqueantes y espironolactona, en ayuno y tras guardar reposo en posición acostada por 20 minutos. Aquellos con relación aldosterona/actividad plasmática de la renina mayor que 25 se sometieron a prueba de supresión con sobrecarga salina endovenosa y, luego de la confirmación de la autonomía de la secreción de aldosterona, se realizó tomografía computarizada de las adrenales. Los resultados se presentan como porcentajes, promedios y desviaciones estándar. RESULTADOS: De los 105 pacientes, el 6,54 por ciento eran hipertensos refractarios. Nueve presentaron relación aldosterona/actividad plasmática de la renina > 25 (8,5 por ciento del total). De estos, ocho se sometieron al examen de supresión y uno (hipertenso refractario) tuvo el diagnóstico confirmado de Hiperaldosteronismo Primario (el 0,96 por ciento del total). Se realizó una tomografía computarizada de adrenales, que estaba normal. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia del Hiperaldosteronismo Primario en la muestra estudiada fue del 0,96 por ciento del total. Sin embargo, cuando se evaluaron sólo los portadores de hipertensión refractaria, la prevalencia fue del 14,3 por ciento.

Deformidades vertebrais em grupo selecionado de mulheres com osteopenia e osteoporose em São Luís do Maranhão / Vertebral deformities in a selected group of women with osteopeny and osteoporosis in São Luis, Maranhão

Objetivos: Avaliar a presença de defomlidades vertebrais, na coluna lombar, em mulheres com osteopenia/osteo­porose, a partir dos 40 anos, em São Luís, Maranhão. Material e Método: Estudo prospectivo, transversal, mulheres climatéricas, demanda espontânea, densitometria óssea recente (últimos 12 meses), apresentando osteopenia/osteoporose, realizado no Centro de Densitometria Óssea do Maranhão, São Luís, de março a dezembro, 2006. Foi aplicado questionário, e as pacientes submetidas à radiografia de coluna lombo-sacra no Centro de Diagnóstico Médico do Maranhão. Resultados: A densitometria óssea revelou nas 222 mulheres, osteopenia em 109 e osteoporose em 113. Maior frequência de osteoporose em mulheres com mais de três gestações e partos, pós-menopáusicas, diabéticas, não obesas, sedentárias, usuárias de bebida alcoólica, não usuárias de leite e derivados. Deformidades vertebrais à radiografia de coluna lombo-sacra, associadas à osteoporose: redução de espaços discais 52%, fraturas vertebrais 12%, achatamento de corpos vertebrais 8%, colapsos vertebrais 4%. Maior frequência de deformidades vertebrais anteriores à osteoporose: osteofitos 75%, escoliose 69%, artrose 35%. Conclusões: Cor branca, baixa escolaridade, aposentadas, faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos de idade, predominando osteopenia, e acima de 60 anos, osteoporose. Alendronato de sódio por mais de 12 meses demonstrou efeito protetor contra osteoporose. Maior frequência de deformidades vertebrais anteriores e associadas à osteoporose. Principais complicações da osteoporose na coluna lombar: fraturas e colapsos vertebrais.

Atipias cervicais detectadas pela citologia em mulheres atendidas em dois hospitais da rede pública de São Luis - MA / Cervical atypias detected by cytology in women attended in two public hospitals of São Luis - MA

A triagem citológica é uma importante ferramenta diagnóstica utilizada para detectar lesões cancerosas e pré-cancerosas da cérvice. Avaliou-se a prevalência de alterações celulares em 9.008 laudos de colpocitologia oncótica realizado pelo INLAB InvestigaçãoLaboratorial Ltda. (São Luís - MA), em 2004 e 2005, de mulheres atendidas no Hospital Carlos Macieira (São Luís - MA) e Maternidade Marly Sarney (São Luís - MA). Foi avaliada a prevalência de atipias celulares, a ocorrência de distribuição de efeito citopáticopara HPV nas lesões intra-epiteliais e a prevalência de atipias em gestantes. Foram encontrados 318 casos (3,53%) com laudos de alterações citológicas, onde 1,60% estavam relacionadas a ASCUS, 1,44% a LSIL, 0,34% a HSIL e 0,14% a AGUS. A faixa etária prevalentepara ASCUS e LSIL foi abaixo de 35 anos, enquanto que para HSIL foi acima de 49 anos. A alteração celular prevalente em gestantes foi LSIL.

Gestação e papilomavírus humano: influência da idade materna, período gestacional, número de gestações e achados microbiológicos / Pregnancy and human papillomavirus: influence of maternal age, gestational period, number of pregnancies and microbiological findings

O papilomavírus humano (HPV) exerce um papel central na carcinogênese do colo uterino. Muitos fatores orbitam em torno dele que influenciam direta ou indiretamente a instalação deste mecanismo no epitélio escamoso cervical. Estudos demonstraramhaver uma maior freqüência de infecção por HPV em gestantes em relação a não-gestantes, sugerindo que a gravidez é um fator de risco para infecção pelo HPV. É objetivo deste trabalho avaliar retrospectivamente um grupo de gestantes com efeito citopático paraHPV, atendidas na Maternidade Marly Sarney no período de 2000 a 2004, verificando os possíveis efeitos da idade, período gestacional, número de gestações e achados microbiológicos mais freqüentes. Verificou-se que o efeito citopático para HPV foi mais prevalente nas gestantes que tinham idade igual ou superior a 20 anos, que estavam na primeira metade da gestação, havendo uma diminuiçãoda freqüência da infecção com o aumento da paridade. Dentre os agentes microbiológicos de importância comumente encontrados Gardnerella vaginalis foi o que apresentou maior prevalência.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) plays a central role in uterine cervix carcinogenesis. A lot of factors direct or indirectly influence the presence of this mechanism in cervical squamous epithelium. Studies prove that there is a large number of HPV infections in pregnant women than in no-pregnant women, and it is suggested that the pregnancy is a risk factor for HPV infection. It is purpose of this study evaluate a group of pregnant women with HPV infection, attending at the Marly Sarney Maternity from 2000 to2004. It was verified the effects of maternal age, stage of pregnancy, number of pregnancies and more frequent microbiological agents. It was found that HPV infection was more frequent in pregnant women with equal age or older than 20 years old in the firsthalf of gestation; it was observed a reduction of frequency of infection with increase of gestation number. Gardnerella vaginalis was the most important microbiological agent found.