ABSTRACT
O provimento de médicos em quantidade adequada e distribuídos de forma equilibrada pelo território é um dos grandes obstáculos ao acesso da população a ações e serviços de saúde, o que tem conduzido a processos de recrutamento internacional pelos países com déficit. Este estudo de caso múltiplo comparou as estratégias jurídico-institucionais utilizadas por Angola, Brasil e Portugal para a efetivação do recrutamento de médicos cubanos e os benefícios gerados aos países a partir dessa interação. Foram previamente selecionados os aspectos gerais do acordo de cooperação; os aspectos legais para o exercício da medicina por estrangeiros; e os benefícios gerados a partir da cooperação firmada. Foram realizadas análise dos acordos de cooperação firmados entre os países investigados e entrevista de 30 pessoas, divididas em quatro subgrupos, compostos por meio da amostragem bola de neve. Os resultados apontam que estratégias utilizadas pelos países envolvidos na cooperação médica por vezes se aproximam, mas contextos específicos conduzem à busca por soluções peculiares, que se harmonizem com a legislação vigente em cada país. Conclui-se pelo necessário fortalecimento do suporte jurídico voltado a apoiar o agir estatal na área da cooperação em saúde, visto que o ambiente de governança é complexo e dinâmico.
The provision of doctors in an adequate quantity and distributed in a balanced way across the territory is one of the major obstacles to the population's access to health actions and services, which has led to international recruitment processes by countries with deficits. This multiple case study compared the legal-institutional strategies used by Angola, Brazil and Portugal to effectively recruit Cuban doctors, and the benefits generated to the countries from this interaction. The dimensions of general aspects of the cooperation agreement were previously selected; legal aspects for the practice of medicine by foreigners and the benefits generated from the cooperation signed. An analysis of the cooperation agreements signed between the investigated countries was carried out and 30 people were interviewed, divided into 4 subgroups, composed by snowball sampling. The results show that the strategies used by the countries involved in medical cooperation are sometimes close, but specific contexts lead to the search for peculiar solutions that harmonize with the legislation in force in each country. It is concluded that there is a need to strengthen legal support aimed at supporting state action incooperation in health, since the governance environment is complex and dynamic.
La provisión de médicos en un número adecuado y distribuidos de maneraequilibrada en el territorio es uno de los mayores obstáculos para el acceso de la población a las acciones y servicios de salud, lo que ha llevado a procesos de contratación internacional por países con déficit. Este estudio de caso múltiple comparó las estrategias jurídico-institucionales utilizadas por Angola, Brasil y Portugal para reclutar médicos cubanos, y los beneficios que genera a los países esta interacción. Previamente se seleccionaron las dimensiones de los aspectos generales del convenio de cooperación; Aspectos legales para el ejercicio de la medicina por parte de extranjeros y los beneficios generados por la cooperación firmada. Se realizó un análisis de los convenios de cooperación firmados entre los países investigados y se entrevistó a 30personas, divididas en 4 subgrupos, compuestos por muestreo de bola de nieve. Los resultados muestran que las estrategias utilizadas por los países involucrados en la cooperación médica son en ocasiones cercanas, pero contextos específicos llevan a la búsqueda de soluciones peculiares que armonicen con la legislación vigente en cada país. Se concluye que el necesario fortalecimiento de los apoyos legales orientados a apoyar la acción estatal en el área de cooperación en salud, ya que el entorno de gobernanza es complejo y dinámico.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Biobanks for research (BBR) have enormous value for research, including those specifically oriented to chronic diseases. Knowing public attitudes and perceptions is key to design and implement patient-centered BBR. We assessed patient awareness, perception and choices among rheumatology outpatients regarding aging biobanking activities. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients, aged 50 or older, attending an outpatient rheumatology tertiary department. Demographic data and perceptions about biobanking were collected and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: 132 valid questionnaires were obtained (mean age: 63,4; 68,2% female; mean education years: 8,35). 61,7% of respondents did not know the specific term "biobank", 57,7% knew they could donate biological material for BBR, 89,9% agreed with these infrastructures and 88,3% would consider participation Those participants with more years of education were more knowledgeable and prone to biobank participation. Willingness to participate in BBR was mainly related (86,4%) to the advancement of scientific knowledge and not individual gain. Scientific research institutes were indicated as the most adequate institutions to manage BBR. Informed consent, anonymity and confidentiality ranked as top requisites for biobank participation. 61,3% of respondents expressed their agreement with aging biobanks, considering these as a sign of respect for specific problems of people of older ages such as higher disease burdens. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of biobanks was found to be limited. Participants were positive toward the setting up of biobanks in general and patient-centered aging biobanks in particular. Knowledge about biobanks and acceptance were higher among participants with higher education years.
