ABSTRACT
Background: Leptospirosis is an important infectious disease in goat farming, with a worldwide distribution. It is usually transmitted by rodents and the genital route, may cause reproductive losses, negatively impacting goat farming. The diagnosis lies on serological, molecular and isolation techniques. Considering the importance of this disease for small ruminants, this work aimed to evaluate the serological, molecular findings and isolation of pathogenic leptospires in the urinary tract (kidney and bladder tissues) of goats. Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-four adult goats were used for slaughter. Renal samples (n = 34), bladder (n = 34), were collected for isolation of the agent and molecular detection of Leptospira sp. and blood samples (n = 34) for serological testing. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used as a molecular test and the microscopic serum agglutination test (MAT) was used as a serological test. Samples with DNA amplification were subjected to genetic sequencing. The presence of Leptospira DNA was found in the tissues of 8 (23.4%) goats, and of these, only 2 were positive in PCR and MAT. There was a slight agreement between the PCR and MAT techniques (k = 0.150; P = 0.436). In 6 (17.6%) samples of renal tissue and 2 (5.8%) bladder samples, Leptospira DNA was detected. The genes in a kidney tissue sample were sequenced and demonstrated 99% similarity to Leptospira interrogans. Anti-Leptospira sp. were detected in 6 (17.6%) of the animals tested. Discussion: Serology identified 3 predominant serogroups: Icterohaemorrhagiae, Tarassovi and Autumnalis, serogroups that are related to the presence of rodents that coexist in rural environments. Autumnalis has been reported in small ruminants, raising the hypothesis that goats are adapted, becoming chronic carriers and possible maintenance hosts. The frequency obtained (17.6%) may be the result of the mixed breed pattern and rustic characteristics inherent to the goat species. Given the characteristics of the semi-arid region, such as low rainfall and high solar incidence, it is essential to use an adapted methodology, with a lower cut-off point (1:50), as the serological titer is an established relationship between the animal species, the level of exposure throughout its evolution and the region studied. Molecular findings and bacterial isolation reveal the agent's ability to colonize the urinary tract of goats. These data show the importance that urine has in the epidemiological chain, being able to transmit the agent through direct contact with this product or through contamination of soil and water. There was no statistical agreement between the diagnostic techniques used in this study, in this case, an association between PCR and MAT is recommended to obtain data with high sensitivity and specificity. A bladder sample was sequenced and showed 99% similarity to Leptospira interrogans. In the semiarid region, the most common form of leptospirosis spread is through the sale of animals in business fairs for breeding, rearing or slaughter, as well as sharing the same property with several breeders. The introduction of chronic and asymptomatic carriers on the properties represents a serious risk for the spread of the disease. The results show the presence of Leptospira spp. in semi-arid goat herds, having as risk factors the presence of rodents and intercropping. The association of MAT and PCR is necessary for a better diagnosis of the disease.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Urologic Diseases/veterinary , Goats/microbiology , Leptospira/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Brazil , Semi-Arid ZoneABSTRACT
A saúde humana está intimamente ligada à saúde do ambiente e dos animais, sendo de extrema importância a consideração dessa relação nas tomadas de decisão que impliquem em mudanças positivas nos determinantes sociais de saúde. Nesse contexto, a raiva é uma zoonose que tem ocorrido no município de Caicó/RN e tem colocado a cidade entre as primeiras em número de casos em animais silvestres do estado. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar a ocorrência de casos de raiva em animais silvestres nesse município, no período de janeiro de 2014 a julho de 2019. Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico transversal e descritivo do tipo de série temporal, retrospectivo e quantitativo. Foram utilizados dados secundários, fornecidos pelo LACEN/RN e CCZ, referentes à casuística de raiva em animais silvestres capturados através da vigilância passiva da raiva e submetidos a provas de Imunofluorescência Direta e Inoculação Intracerebral em Camundongos. Foram confirmados 26 casos de raiva em animais silvestres, sendo 21 casos em morcegos (80,76%) e 5 em raposas (19,24%). Apenas essas duas espécies silvestres, morcegos e raposas, foram diagnosticadas positivamente para a doença. Uma variante silvestre comumente encontrada em raposas foi identificada em um cão. A confirmação de casos positivos de raiva em animais silvestres indica que existe a circulação do vírus rábico no município de Caicó, chamando atenção para o risco de exposição de animais domésticos e da população. Diante disso, é de suma importância que o poder público subsidie o funcionamento dos serviços de vigilância para evitar a propagação da doença.
Human health is closely linked to the health of the environment and animals, and it is extremely important to consider this relationship in decision-making that imply positive changes in social determinants of health. In this context, rabies is a zoonosis that has occurred in the municipality of Caicó-RN and has placed the city among the first in number of cases in wild animals in the state. This study aimed to report the occurrence of cases of rabies in wild animals in this municipality, from January 2014 to July 2019. A cross-sectional and descriptive epidemiological study of the type of time series, retrospective and quantitative, was carried out. Secondary data provided by LACEN / RN and CCZ regarding rabies casuistry in wild animals captured through passive rabies surveillance and subjected to Direct Immunofluorescence and Intracerebral Inoculation in Mice tests were used. 26 cases of rabies in wild animals were confirmed, 21 cases in bats (80.76%) and 5 in foxes (19.24%). Only these two wild species have been positively diagnosed for the disease. A wild variant commonly found in foxes, has been identified in a dog. The confirmation of positive cases of rabies in wild animals indicates that the circulation of the rabies virus exists in the municipality of Caicó, calling attention to the risk of exposure of domestic animals and the population. In view of this, it is of utmost importance that the public authorities subsidize the operation of surveillance services to prevent the spread of the disease.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabies/veterinary , Rabies/epidemiology , Rabies virus/isolation & purification , Animals, Wild/virology , Brazil , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct/veterinaryABSTRACT
In the Northeast of Brazil, goat breeding plays an important socioeconomic and strategic role in coexistence within the semi-arid region. The rural nature of the species and adaptations that are appropriate for the climate are some of the characteristics that favor the Northeast as the largest national producer of goats (93% of the national herd). In spite of this, sanitary deficiencies facilitate the appearance and diffusion of pathogenic agents that compromise the productivity, e.g., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which are widespread in the national herd and cause damages in the industry. The objective of this study was to characterize caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in lamb cuttings at semi-arid abattoirs. The research was carried out between March and August 2017 at the Municipal Abattoir of Patos, State of Paraíba, Brazil, where the caprines from this region are slaughtered. We studied 304 animals with no defined racial pattern, of both the sexes, characterized according to their age group as evidenced by their teeth, submitted to ante- and post-mortem examinations with microbiological confirmation. Cheek material was processed for diagnostic confirmation, using the techniques of isolation and microbiological identification (gold standard). The bacteriological examination confirmed the presence of the agent in 21.38% of the animals, in which 13.16% were females and 8.22% were males. Of those affected, 11.51% had the clinical form of the disease, while 9.87% had the subclinical form and 1.31% had both the clinical form as well as the internal impairment. The precrural (25.71%), mammary (11.43%), and prescapular (11.43%) lymph nodes were the most affected. Internally, the most affected were the liver (63.33%), lung (13.33%), and medium mediastinal lymph nodes (10%).[...]
No Nordeste do Brasil a caprinocultura desempenha importante função socioeconômica e estratégica na convivência em região semiárida. A boa adaptação ao clima somado a rusticidade da espécie são algumas das caraterísticas que favorecem o Nordeste como maior produtor nacional (93% do efetivo). Apesar dessa condição, deficiências sanitárias proporcionam surgimento e difusão de agentes patogênicos que comprometem a produtividade, destacando-se o Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, difundido no rebanho nacional e que gera prejuízos à atividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) na caprinocultura de corte em abatedouro do semiárido. Desenvolveu-se a pesquisa entre março e agosto 2017 no Abatedouro Municipal de Patos, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, onde ocorre abate de caprídeos provenientes desta região geográfica intermediária. Foram estudados 304 animais sem padrão racial definido, ambos os sexos, caracterizados conforme faixa etária evidenciada pelos dentes, submetidos a exames ante e post mortem com confirmação microbiológica. Processou-se material caseoso dos doentes; para confirmação de diagnóstico se empregou a técnica de isolamento e identificação microbiológica (padrão ouro). O exame bacteriológico confirmou presença do agente em 21.38% dos animais. As fêmeas representaram 13.16% dos doentes, enquanto os machos, 8.22%. Dos acometidos, 11.51% apresentaram a forma clínica, enquanto 9.87% a subclínica; 1.31% tiveram simultaneamente forma clínica e comprometimento interno. Os linfonodos pré-crurais 25.71%, mamários 11.43% e pré-escapulares 11.43% foram mais afetados; internamente, fígado 63.33%, pulmão 13.33% e linfonodo do mediastino médio 10%.[...]
Subject(s)
Animals , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Lymphadenitis/epidemiology , Lymphadenitis/veterinary , Abattoirs , Sanitary Profiles/analysis , RuminantsABSTRACT
In the Northeast of Brazil, goat breeding plays an important socioeconomic and strategic role in coexistence within the semi-arid region. The rural nature of the species and adaptations that are appropriate for the climate are some of the characteristics that favor the Northeast as the largest national producer of goats (93% of the national herd). In spite of this, sanitary deficiencies facilitate the appearance and diffusion of pathogenic agents that compromise the productivity, e.g., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which are widespread in the national herd and cause damages in the industry. The objective of this study was to characterize caseous lymphadenitis (CL) in lamb cuttings at semi-arid abattoirs. The research was carried out between March and August 2017 at the Municipal Abattoir of Patos, State of Paraíba, Brazil, where the caprines from this region are slaughtered. We studied 304 animals with no defined racial pattern, of both the sexes, characterized according to their age group as evidenced by their teeth, submitted to ante- and post-mortem examinations with microbiological confirmation. Cheek material was processed for diagnostic confirmation, using the techniques of isolation and microbiological identification (gold standard). The bacteriological examination confirmed the presence of the agent in 21.38% of the animals, in which 13.16% were females and 8.22% were males. Of those affected, 11.51% had the clinical form of the disease, while 9.87% had the subclinical form and 1.31% had both the clinical form as well as the internal impairment. The precrural (25.71%), mammary (11.43%), and prescapular (11.43%) lymph nodes were the most affected. Internally, the most affected were the liver (63.33%), lung (13.33%), and medium mediastinal lymph nodes (10%).[...](AU)
No Nordeste do Brasil a caprinocultura desempenha importante função socioeconômica e estratégica na convivência em região semiárida. A boa adaptação ao clima somado a rusticidade da espécie são algumas das caraterísticas que favorecem o Nordeste como maior produtor nacional (93% do efetivo). Apesar dessa condição, deficiências sanitárias proporcionam surgimento e difusão de agentes patogênicos que comprometem a produtividade, destacando-se o Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, difundido no rebanho nacional e que gera prejuízos à atividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) na caprinocultura de corte em abatedouro do semiárido. Desenvolveu-se a pesquisa entre março e agosto 2017 no Abatedouro Municipal de Patos, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, onde ocorre abate de caprídeos provenientes desta região geográfica intermediária. Foram estudados 304 animais sem padrão racial definido, ambos os sexos, caracterizados conforme faixa etária evidenciada pelos dentes, submetidos a exames ante e post mortem com confirmação microbiológica. Processou-se material caseoso dos doentes; para confirmação de diagnóstico se empregou a técnica de isolamento e identificação microbiológica (padrão ouro). O exame bacteriológico confirmou presença do agente em 21.38% dos animais. As fêmeas representaram 13.16% dos doentes, enquanto os machos, 8.22%. Dos acometidos, 11.51% apresentaram a forma clínica, enquanto 9.87% a subclínica; 1.31% tiveram simultaneamente forma clínica e comprometimento interno. Os linfonodos pré-crurais 25.71%, mamários 11.43% e pré-escapulares 11.43% foram mais afetados; internamente, fígado 63.33%, pulmão 13.33% e linfonodo do mediastino médio 10%.[...](AU)