ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To design better measures to contain the Covid-19 epidemics, it is relevant to know whether socioeconomic factors are associated with a higher risk of death by Covid-19. This work estimates the effects of individual socioeconomic characteristics on the risk of death by Covid-19. METHODS: Logistic models were estimated to assess the effect of socioeconomic characteristics (income, race/ethnicity, schooling, occupation and economic activity) on the risk of death from Covid-19. For this purpose, Covid-19 individual death records in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil were combined with the Annual Register of Social Information, which contains socioeconomic information about formal workers. FINDINGS: Workers employed in establishments in the health and public safety sectors present a risk of dying 2.46 and 2.25 times higher than those employed in other activities. Non-white people, men, and those who work in the Metropolitan Region are also more likely to die from Covid-19. People with higher education are 44% less likely to die from the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Some population groups are more vulnerable to the Covid-19 pandemic and individual socioeconomic conditions play a relevant role in the probability of death by the disease. That should be considered in the design of prevention policies to be adopted.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , SARS-CoV-2 , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
This study conducted a cost analysis of different interventions in the early diagnosis of hydatidosis between the years 2006 -2007 in the Province of Nuble, Bio-Bio Region of Chile. The aim was to estimate the costs of early diagnosis of this condition. We included all children of 5 and 12 years old in rural areas of the province. Data collection activities were identified which included specific antibody measurements (indirect ELISA) and an abdominal ultrasound. For the determination of costs, direct and indirect costs were identified using the methodology of activity-based costs. The results demonstrate that the preventive diagnosis costs S17.183 Chilean pesos per child (S35 US dollars), thus making this intervention of lower cost than waiting until the person becomes ill with this disease.
Subject(s)
Early Diagnosis , Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Echinococcosis/economics , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Child , Child, Preschool , Chile , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Humans , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
Se efectuó un análisis de costo de las diferentes intervenciones en el diagnóstico precoz de la hidatidosis, durante los años 2006 -2007 en la Provincia de Nuble, Región del Bío-Bío, Chile. Esta investigación tenía por objetivo estimar los costos del diagnóstico precoz de esta patología; para ello se incluyó a todo niño de 5 y 12 años de zonas rurales de la provincia. Para la recolección de datos se determinaron las actividades, que consistieron en: medición de anticuerpos específicos en suero (ELISA indirecto) y la realización de una ecotomografía abdominal. En la determinación de costos se identificaron los costos reales directos e indirectos incurridos mediante la metodología de costos basados en actividades. Los resultado obtenidos demuestran que el diagnóstico preventivo implica un gasto por niño de $17.183; por ende, realizar esta intervención es de menor costo que esperar a que la persona se enferme de dicha patología.
This study conducted a cost analysis of different interventions in the early diagnosis of hydatidosis between the years 2006 -2007 in the Province of Nuble, Bio-Bio Region of Chile. The aim was to estimate the costs of early diagnosis of this condition. We included all children of 5 and 12 years old in rural areas of the province. Data collection activities were identified which included specific antibody measurements (indirect ELISA) and an abdominal ultrasound. For the determination of costs, direct and indirect costs were identified using the methodology of activity-based costs. The results demonstrate that the preventive diagnosis costs S17.183 Chilean pesos per child (S35 US dollars), thus making this intervention of lower cost than waiting until the person becomes ill with this disease.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Early Diagnosis , Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Echinococcosis/economics , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
A mannose/glucose-specific lectin was isolated from seeds of Parkia platycephala, the most primitive subfamily of Leguminosae plants. The molecular mass of the purified lectin determined by mass spectrometry was 47 946 +/- 6 Da (by electrospray ionization) and 47 951 +/- 9 Da (by matrix-assisted laser-desoption ionization). The apparent molecular mass of the lectin in solutions of pH in the range 4.5-8.5 determined by analytical ultracentrifugation equilibrium sedimentation was 94 +/- 3 kDa, showing that the protein behaved as a non-pH-dependent dimer. The amino-acid sequence of the Parkia lectin was determined by Edman degradation of overlapping peptides. This is the first report of the primary structure of a Mimosoideae lectin. The protein contained a blocked N-terminus and a single, nonglycosylated polypeptide chain composed of three tandemly arranged homologous domains. Each of these domains shares sequence similarity with jacalin-related lectin monomers from Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Moraceae, Musaceae, Gramineae, and Fagaceae plant families. Based on this homology, we predict that each Parkia lectin repeat may display a beta prism fold similar to that observed in the crystal structure of the lectin from Helianthus tuberosus. The P. platycephala lectin also shows sequence similarity with stress- and pathogen-upregulated defence genes of a number of different plants, suggesting a common ancestry for jacalin-related lectins and inducible defence proteins.
