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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 43(3): 199-204, jul.-set. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-201484

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO. Avaliar o padräo de sensibilidade in vitro de amostras clínicas de Staphylococcus aureus sensíveis (ossa) e resistentes à oxacilina (ORSA) a outros antimicrobianos que podem ser utilizados no tratamento de infecçöes estafilocócicas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO. Foram analisadas 117 amostras clínicas de S. aureus isoladas em vários hospitais de Säo Paulo. Também foram incluídas amostras isoladas em Campinas, SP, e Joäo Pessoa, PB. A avaliaçäo da sensibilidade in vitro aos antimicrobianos foi realizada pela técnica de microdiluiçäo em caldo, utilizando os procedimentos preconizados pelo National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Foi avaliada a concentraçäo inibitória mínima (MIC) para 24 antimicrobianos da classe dos beta-lactâmicos, fluoroquinolonas, aminoglicosídeos, glicopeptídeos, macrolídeos, lincosaminas e estreptograminas. Foram avaliadas tanto drogas disponíveis comercialmente quanto as que ainda se encontram em fase de pesquisa. A resistência cruzada entre dez fluoroquinolonas foi avaliada em 24 amostras. RESULTADOS. Os glicopeptídeos, o RP-59500 e a mupirocina foram os antimicrobianos que apresentaram maior atividade in vitro contra amostras de ORSA (100 por cento sensibilidade). Oitenta e sete por centro das amostras de OSSA foram sensíveis à ciprofloxacina (MIC50, 0,25 mug/mL), enquanto que, para os ORSA, a sensibilidade foi de apenas 38 por cento (MIC50 > 4mug/mL). A resistência cruzada pra as fluoroquinolonas foi observada mesmo para drogas nÒo disponíveis comercialmente. As fluoroquinolonas que permaneceram ativas contra amostras resistentes à ciprofloxacina (clinafloxacina e WIN-57.273) apresentaram MICs 8 a 64 vezes mais elevados que as amostras sensíveis à ciprofloxacina, sugerindo que, quando lançadas na prática clínica, esses MICs possam se elevar ainda mais, inviabilizando o uso clínico desses compostos. CONCLUSÃO. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram uma alta taxa de resistência a antimicrobianos das amostras de S. aureus nos hospitais do Brasil, restando poucas opçöes para o tratamento de infecçöes causadas por ORSA.


Subject(s)
Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Hospitals , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Oxacillin/therapeutic use , Oxacillin/pharmacology , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Penicillins/pharmacology , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
2.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 43(3): 199-204, 1997.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9497546

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of oxacillin susceptible (OSSA) and resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) isolates to other antimicrobial agents that can be used for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We evaluated 117 clinical S. aureus isolates from several São Paulo hospitals. Clinical isolates from Campinas, SP and from João Pessoa, PB, were also included. The in vitro susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution as described by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated for 24 antimicrobial agents, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins. Both commercially available and experimental drugs were included in the study. Cross-resistance among fluoroquinolones was evaluated by susceptibility testing 24 isolates to 10 fluoroquinolones. RESULTS: The antimicrobial agents that showed the highest in vitro activity were the glycopeptides, the streptogramin RP-59.500, and the mupirocin (100% susceptibility). Eighty-seven percent of the OSSA and only 38% of the ORSA isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (MIC50 0.25 microgram/mL and > 4 micrograms/mL, respectively). Cross-resistance among fluoroquinolones were noted even for the experimental drugs. Two fluoroquinolones remained active against ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, clinafloxacin and WIN-57.273. However, the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had MICs eight-to 64-fold higher than the ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates, suggesting that the MICs may continue to increase when these fluoroquinolones become commercially available. CONCLUSION: Our results showed a high rate of antimicrobial resistance among S. aureus from the Brazilian hospitals. Very few drugs can still be used for the treatment of staphylococcal infections.


Subject(s)
Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Hospitals , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Oxacillin/pharmacology , Oxacillin/therapeutic use , Penicillins/pharmacology , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
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