Association between sedentary behavior, diet and nutritional status in adolescents: baseline results from the LONCAAFS Study.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents - LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods.

Association between sedentary behavior, diet and nutritional status in adolescents: baseline results from the LONCAAFS Study / Associação entre comportamento sedentário, dieta e estado nutricional em adolescentes: resultados do estudo LONCAAFS

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents - LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação entre tempo gasto em comportamentos sedentários, dieta e excesso de peso em adolescentes. Estudo transversal com dados do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentário, Atividade Física, Hábitos Alimentares e Saúde do Adolescente - Estudo LONCAAFS. Participaram 1.438 adolescentes (10 a 14 anos) de escolas públicas de João Pessoa, Brasil. Para avaliar os efeitos combinados do tempo excessivo no comportamento sedentário e no consumo de dois grupos de alimentos: Conveniência e Prudente sobre o excesso de peso, foram realizadas análises de regressão logística múltipla, ajustadas para energia, nível de atividade física, sexo e idade. O tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário aumentou em 37% a chance de os adolescentes apresentarem excesso de peso (OR = 1,37; IC95%: 1,04-1,80). Essa chance aumentou para 43% quando os adolescentes apresentaram, simultaneamente, comportamento sedentário excessivo e alto consumo do grupo de alimentos de conveniência (OR = 1,43; IC95%: 1,05-1,94), e aumentou para 39% naqueles com excesso de comportamento sedentário e baixo consumo de alimentos do Prudente (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,04-1,84). O comportamento sedentário excessivo está associado ao excesso de peso e a chance aumenta com o consumo de alimentos convenientes.

Longitudinal association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and lipid profile indicators in adolescents.

The objective of this study was to examine the association between time engaged in moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity (PA) and indicators of lipid profile in adolescents. This longitudinal study with a four-year follow-up, and three collection points (2014, 2015 and 2017) analyzed the data of 136 adolescents (10-13 years old; 53.7% girls), in João Pessoa, Brazil. The time in MPA, VPA and MVPA times was measured by accelerometers. The lipid profile indicators analyzed were total cholesterol (TC), low-density (LDL-C) and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-c ratios. There was an inverse association between MPA time and TC values (ß = -0.560; 95%CI: -1.116; -0.004); VPA and LDL-C (ß = -0.962; 95%CI: -1.678; -0.246) and non-HDL-C (ß = -0.955; 95%CI: -1.708; -0.201); and MVPA and TC (ß = -0.436; 95%CI: -0.816; -0.055), TG (ß = -0.415; 95%CI: -0.712; -0.118), LDL-C (ß = -0.460; 95%CI: -0.823; -0.096), non-HDL-C (ß = -0.522; 95%CI: -0.908; -0.136) and TC/HDL-C (ß = -0.472; 95%CI: -0.889; -0.055). Adolescents more engaged in PA, especially in MVPA, exhibited better levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TC/HDL-C; and AFV exerted a greater influence on LDL-c and non-HDL-c levels.HighlightsThis study is one of the first observational longitudinal studies to analyze the association between different PA intensities, measured by accelerometer, and lipid profile indicators, with a 4-year follow-up and 3 collection points in adolescents from a low-to-middle income country;Adolescents engaged in PA, especially MVPA intensity, obtained better TC, TG, LDL-c, non-HDL-C and TC/HDL-C levels;VPA was more strongly associated with LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels compared to MVPA.

Is Participation in Physical Education Classes Related to Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior? A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the results and assess the methodological quality of studies that analyzed the relation between physical education participation, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in schoolchildren. METHODS: Searches were conducted for original cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish between January 2007 and August 2020, on the PubMed, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Education Resources Information Center, and Scopus databases. RESULTS: A total of 60 articles (68 independent samples) were included in the revision (58 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal observational studies). With regard to methodological quality, 27%, 52%, and 21% of the studies were classified as high, moderate, and low methodological quality, respectively. Physical activity was analyzed in 93% of the studies (n = 56) and sedentary behavior in 33% (n = 20). The higher frequency of physical education participation was associated with higher physical activity levels (56 of 68 results - 54/65 cross-sectional and 2/3 longitudinal studies) and less sedentary behavior (14 of 24 results), even after stratifying analyses by type and methodological quality. CONCLUSION: Physical education class participation may contribute to students being physically more active and less likely to engage in sedentary behavior.

Sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life in adolescents.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) represents the perception of each person about different aspects of their lives in the health context (physical, psychological, social environment and interpersonal relationships). Among adolescents, HRQoL can change considering habits adopted in this phase of life. This study analyzed the association between time used on different sedentary behaviors (SB) and HRQoL in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with adolescents between 10 - 15 years of age. The SB was measured using a questionnaire (n = 1,455 adolescents) and accelerometer (n = 844 adolescents), and HRQoL using KIDSCREEN - 27. Time on videogames/cell phones/tablets was inversely associated with overall HRQoL (ß = -0.021; 95%CI: -0.026; -0.006), psychological well-being (ß = -0.030; 95%CI: -0.050; -0.010), peer social support (ß = -0.041; 95%CI: -0.066; -0.016) and school environment (ß = -0.033; 95%CI: -0.056; -0.010) scores. Screen time was inversely associated with the school environment score (ß = -0.011; 95%CI: -0.020; -0.003). Computer time was positively associated with the psychological well-being (ß = 0.025; 95%CI: 0.006; 0.043) and peer social support scores (ß = 0.029; 95%CI: 0.004; 0.053). It concluded that adolescents with more screen time had lower HRQoL. However, theses associations varied with the type and method of SB measurement and the HRQoL dimension.

[Reproducibility, validity and internal consistency of the environment scale for physical activity of adolescents]. / Reprodutibilidade, validade e consistência interna da escala de ambiente para a atividade física em adolescentes.

The objective was to analyze the reproducibility, validity and internal consistency of the environment scale for the physical activity in adolescents. Reproducibility study with 171 adolescents (59.5% female); and validity and internal consistency with 1.353 adolescents (53.1% female). The scale contained 25 items in three domains: places of practice (PP - 14 items); urban security (US - six items) and; in transit (TS - five items). Kappa PABAK and Spearman correlation (rho) were used to assess reproducibility, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) for validity, the combined reliability index (CRI) for internal consistency. The reproducibility of the scores was PP - rho = 0.76; US - rho = 0.78 and; TS - rho = 0.66. Three factors were identified in the EFA: PP (eight items, factorial loads from 0.36 to 0.67); US (four items, factorial loads from 0.60 to 0.78) e; TS (four items, factorial loads from 0.35 to 0.64). The CFA confirmed the model with three factors and with levels recommended for the fit quality indicators of the model. The internal consistency was satisfactory for PP (CRI = 0.85), US (CRI = 0.90) and TS (CRI = 0.79). The environment scale for the practice of physical activity showed adequate levels of reproducibility, construct validity and internal consistency.

Objetivou-se analisar a reprodutibilidade, validade e consistência interna da escala de ambiente para a atividade física em adolescentes. A análise de reprodutibilidade foi feita com 171 adolescentes (59,5% do sexo feminino), e as de validade e consistência interna compreenderam 1.353 adolescentes (53,1% do sexo feminino). A escala continha 25 itens, em três domínios: locais de prática (LP - 14 itens); segurança urbana (SU - seis itens) e; no trânsito (ST - cinco itens). O Kappa PABAK e a correlação de Spearman (rho) foram utilizados para avaliar a reprodutibilidade; a análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC) para a validade; e o índice de fidedignidade combinada (IFC) para avaliar a consistência interna. A reprodutibilidade dos escores foi de: LP - rho = 0,76; SU - rho = 0,78 e; ST - rho = 0,66. Foram identificados três fatores na AFE: LP (oito itens, cargas fatoriais de 0,36 a 0,67); SU (quatro itens, cargas fatoriais de 0,60 a 0,78) e; ST (quatro itens, cargas fatoriais de 0,35 a 0,64). A AFC confirmou o modelo com três fatores e com níveis recomendados para os indicadores de qualidade de ajuste do modelo. A consistência interna foi satisfatória para LP (IFC = 0,85), SU (IFC = 0,90) e ST (IFC = 0,79). A escala de ambiente para a prática de atividade física apresentou níveis adequados de reprodutibilidade, validade de construto e consistência interna.

Reprodutibilidade, validade e consistência interna da escala de ambiente para a atividade física em adolescentes / Reproducibility, validity and internal consistency of the environment scale for physical activity of adolescents

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a reprodutibilidade, validade e consistência interna da escala de ambiente para a atividade física em adolescentes. A análise de reprodutibilidade foi feita com 171 adolescentes (59,5% do sexo feminino), e as de validade e consistência interna compreenderam 1.353 adolescentes (53,1% do sexo feminino). A escala continha 25 itens, em três domínios: locais de prática (LP - 14 itens); segurança urbana (SU - seis itens) e; no trânsito (ST - cinco itens). O Kappa PABAK e a correlação de Spearman (rho) foram utilizados para avaliar a reprodutibilidade; a análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC) para a validade; e o índice de fidedignidade combinada (IFC) para avaliar a consistência interna. A reprodutibilidade dos escores foi de: LP - rho = 0,76; SU - rho = 0,78 e; ST - rho = 0,66. Foram identificados três fatores na AFE: LP (oito itens, cargas fatoriais de 0,36 a 0,67); SU (quatro itens, cargas fatoriais de 0,60 a 0,78) e; ST (quatro itens, cargas fatoriais de 0,35 a 0,64). A AFC confirmou o modelo com três fatores e com níveis recomendados para os indicadores de qualidade de ajuste do modelo. A consistência interna foi satisfatória para LP (IFC = 0,85), SU (IFC = 0,90) e ST (IFC = 0,79). A escala de ambiente para a prática de atividade física apresentou níveis adequados de reprodutibilidade, validade de construto e consistência interna.

Abstract The objective was to analyze the reproducibility, validity and internal consistency of the environment scale for the physical activity in adolescents. Reproducibility study with 171 adolescents (59.5% female); and validity and internal consistency with 1.353 adolescents (53.1% female). The scale contained 25 items in three domains: places of practice (PP - 14 items); urban security (US - six items) and; in transit (TS - five items). Kappa PABAK and Spearman correlation (rho) were used to assess reproducibility, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) for validity, the combined reliability index (CRI) for internal consistency. The reproducibility of the scores was PP - rho = 0.76; US - rho = 0.78 and; TS - rho = 0.66. Three factors were identified in the EFA: PP (eight items, factorial loads from 0.36 to 0.67); US (four items, factorial loads from 0.60 to 0.78) e; TS (four items, factorial loads from 0.35 to 0.64). The CFA confirmed the model with three factors and with levels recommended for the fit quality indicators of the model. The internal consistency was satisfactory for PP (CRI = 0.85), US (CRI = 0.90) and TS (CRI = 0.79). The environment scale for the practice of physical activity showed adequate levels of reproducibility, construct validity and internal consistency.

Sedentary behavior and health-related quality of life in adolescents / Comportamento sedentário e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em adolescentes

Abstract Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) represents the perception of each person about different aspects of their lives in the health context (physical, psychological, social environment and interpersonal relationships). Among adolescents, HRQoL can change considering habits adopted in this phase of life. This study analyzed the association between time used on different sedentary behaviors (SB) and HRQoL in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with adolescents between 10 - 15 years of age. The SB was measured using a questionnaire (n = 1,455 adolescents) and accelerometer (n = 844 adolescents), and HRQoL using KIDSCREEN - 27. Time on videogames/cell phones/tablets was inversely associated with overall HRQoL (β = -0.021; 95%CI: -0.026; -0.006), psychological well-being (β = -0.030; 95%CI: -0.050; -0.010), peer social support (β = -0.041; 95%CI: -0.066; -0.016) and school environment (β = -0.033; 95%CI: -0.056; -0.010) scores. Screen time was inversely associated with the school environment score (β = -0.011; 95%CI: -0.020; -0.003). Computer time was positively associated with the psychological well-being (β = 0.025; 95%CI: 0.006; 0.043) and peer social support scores (β = 0.029; 95%CI: 0.004; 0.053). It concluded that adolescents with more screen time had lower HRQoL. However, theses associations varied with the type and method of SB measurement and the HRQoL dimension.

Resumo A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) representa a percepção de cada pessoa sobre os diferentes aspectos de sua vida no contexto da saúde (físico, psicológico, meio social e relacionamento interpessoal). Entre os adolescentes, a QVRS pode mudar em função dos hábitos adotados nessa fase da vida. Este estudo analisou a associação entre o tempo utilizado em diferentes comportamentos sedentários (CS) e a QVRS em adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal com adolescentes de 10 a 15 anos de idade. O CS foi mensurado por meio de questionário (n = 1.455 adolescentes) e acelerômetro (n = 844 adolescentes) e a QVRS pelo KIDSCREEN - 27. O tempo em videogames/celulares/tablets foi inversamente associado à QVRS geral (β = -0,021; IC95%: -0,026; -0,006), bem-estar psicológico (β= -0,030; IC95%: -0,050; -0,010), apoio social de pares (β = -0,041; IC95%: -0,066; -0,016) e ambiente escolar (β = -0,033; IC95%: -0,056; -0,010). O tempo de tela se associou inversamente ao escore do ambiente escolar (β = -0,011; IC95%: -0,020; -0,003). O tempo de computador foi positivamente associado ao bem-estar psicológico (β= 0,025; IC95%: 0,006; 0,043) e escores de apoio social dos pares (β = 0,029; IC95%: 0,004; 0,053). Conclui-se que adolescentes com maior tempo na tela apresentaram menor QVRS. No entanto, essas associações variaram com o tipo e método de mensuração do CS e a dimensão da QVRS.

Mensuração da atividade física e comportamento sedentário: uma análise baseada em grupos de pesquisa / Measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior: a research group-based analysis

O presente estudo caracterizou os grupos de pesquisa brasileiros que possuem linhas de pesquisa voltadas à temática da mensuração da atividade física e/ou comportamento sedentário. Autores de artigos originais envolvendo desenvolvimento, adaptação, tradução e testagem de qualidade de medidas de instrumentos da atividade física/comportamento sedentário na população brasileira foram convidados a responder um instrumento online contendo 19 questões para a identificação de líderes e de características gerais dos grupos de pesquisa. Vinte e oito grupos de pesquisa foram identificados, sendo o pioneiro criado na década de 1970 e a maioria nas últimas duas décadas. Enquanto a região sudeste apresentou a maior concentração de grupos, foi identificada ausência de grupos nas regiões norte e centro-oeste. Os métodos de mensuração mais testados por estes grupos foram os subjetivos, predominantemente questionários (n = 24), seguidos pelos métodos objetivos por meio de acelerômetros (n = 18) e pedômetros (n = 9). Foram identificadas várias conexões (parcerias permanentes com outros grupos/instituições) em nível nacional e internacional, especialmente com países da América do Norte, Europa e Austrália. Espera-se que os resultados do presente estudo possam estimular ações colaborativas entre grupos e pesquisadores brasileiros com o intuito de reduzir desigualdades regionais e aprimorar a produção do conhecimento na área da mensuração da atividade física e do comportamento sedentário

The present study characterized the Brazilian research groups that have research lines focused on the meas-uring of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior. Authors of original articles that involved the devel-opment, adaptation, translation, and quality testing of measures of physical activity/sedentary behavior instruments in the Brazilian population were invited to answer an online instrument containing 19 questions to identify leaders and general characteristics of research groups. Twenty-eight research groups were identified, the pioneer being created in the 1970's and the majority in the last two decades. While the Southeast region had the highest concentration of groups, the absence of groups was identified in the North and Midwest regions. The measurement methods most tested by these groups were subjective, predominantly questionnaires (n = 24), followed by objective methods using accelerometers (n = 18) and pedometers (n = 9). Several connections (permanent partnerships with other groups/institutions) were identified at national and international levels, especially with countries in North America, Europe, and Australia. It is expected that the results of the present study can stimulate collaborative actions between Brazilian groups and re-searchers to reduce regional inequalities and improve the production of knowledge in the area of measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior

Grupo de Trabalho em Mensuração da Atividade Física e Comportamento Sedentário: uma breve Apresentação / Work Group on Measurement of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: a Brief Presentation

A Sociedade Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde (SBAFS) exerce importante papel na união dos pesquisadores e fortalecimento da área no Brasil. Por essa razão, as decisões e direcionamentos das diferentes gestões da SBAFS, auxiliam, no desenvolvimento e consolidação da área. Uma das importantes ações da SBAFS nos últimos anos foi a criação de Grupos de Trabalhos (GTs) sobre diferentes temáticas da atividade física e saúde. Um dos GTs criados foi o GT de Mensuração da Atividade Física e Comportamento Sedentário. Neste contexto, o presente manuscrito descreve a criação do referido GT, suas atividades e ações no período de 2019 e 2021

The Brazilian Society of Physical Activity & Health (SBAFS) plays an important role in uniting researchers and strengthening the field in Brazil. For this reason, the decisions and directions of the different leader-ships of SBAFS help in the development and consolidation of the area. One of the important actions of the SBAFS in recent years was the creation of Working Groups ( WGs) on different themes of physical activity and health. One of the WGs created was the Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Measurement WG. In this context, the aim of this manuscript is to describe the creation of the aforementioned WG, its activities and actions in the period of 2019 to 2021

Factors associated with Physical Activity Counseling by Health Workers Questionnaire: construction, validation and reliability / Questionário sobre fatores associados para o Aconselhamento para Atividade Física por Trabalhadores da Saúde: construção, validação e reprodutibilidade

The main purpose of this study is to describe the development, validation and reliability of a ques-tionnaire to measure the associated factors of physical activity counseling by health workers. The development of the questionnaire was carried out in four steps: construction of the analytical matrix; face validation; pilot study; and reliability assessment. The analytical matrix consisted of ten modules with a total of 47 questions. In the second step, 21 Brazilian experts of different knowledge back-grounds gave their opinion on the presentation, clarity and adequacy of each item. In the third step, a pilot study was carried out with 20 professionals (doctors, nurses and community health agents) from the Joao Pessoa, Paraíba Family Health Strategy. In the last step, reliability index was assessed among a sample of 53 health workers from five health units. The final version of the questionnaire was composed of 53 questions distributed in ten modules. Results showed a total validity index of 0.90 ranging from 0.83 to 0.95 in the modules. The clarity and adequacy of the scale showed mean values of 0.93 (ranging from 0.87 to 0.96) and 0.95 (ranging from 0.91 to 0.98), respectively. Eight out of ten modules showed all items with reliability greater than 0.60 (kappa). The questionnaire showed a satisfactory validity and reliability and it is recommended for studies to measure physical activity counseling and other practices in health promotion by health workers in the primary health care

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o desenvolvimento, validação e reprodutibilidade de um questionário para mensurar fatores associados à prática do aconselhamento para atividade física por trabalhadores de saúde. O desenvolvimento do questionário foi realizado em quatro etapas: construção da matriz analítica; validação de face; estudo piloto; estudo de reprodutibilidade. A primeira etapa resultou numa matriz analítica com dez módulos com um total de 47 questões. Na segunda etapa, 21 brasileiros especialistas em diferentes áreas opinaram sobre a apresentação, clareza e adequação de cada item. Na terceira etapa, foi realizado o estudo piloto com 20 profissionais (médicos, enfermeiros e agentes comunitários de saúde) da Estratégia de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa-PB. Por fim, uma amostra de 53 trabalhadores participou do estudo de reprodutibili-dade. A versão final do questionário foi composta de 53 questões distribuídas em dez módulos. Foi encontrado um índice de validade geral de 0,90, variando de 0,81 a 0,95 nos módulos. A clareza e adequação da escala demonstraram valores médios de 0,93 (variando entre 0,87 e 0,96) e 0,95 (variando entre 0,91 e 0,98), respectivamente. Oito dos dez módulos apresentaram todos os itens com valores de reprodutibilidade acima de 0,60 (kappa). O questionário apresentou validade satisfatória e reprodutibilidade adequada, recomendando a sua utilização em estudos que visam avaliar a prática de aconselhamento de atividade física e outras prá-ticas de promoção da saúde por trabalhadores de saúde da atenção primaria à saúde

Dietary patterns among adolescents and associated factors: longitudinal study on sedentary behavior, physical activity, diet and adolescent health. / Padrões alimentares de adolescentes e fatores associados: estudo longitudinal sobre comportamento sedentário, atividade física, alimentação e saúde dos adolescentes.

The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns and associations with socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, nutritional status, lipid profile and inflammatory profile in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic sample using baseline data (2014) from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. Data were collected on socioeconomic characteristics, nutritional status, lifestyle and the results of biochemical tests. Dietary data were obtained using the 24-hour recall method and dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Associations of interest were estimated using multiple logistic regression. Three dietary patterns were found: "Traditional", "Snacks" and "Western". These patterns were associated with age, socioeconomic status, parental education and lifestyle. The "Traditional" pattern was associated lower adiposity and a better lipid profile. However, with the increase in age, greater frequencies of the "Snacks" and "Western" patterns were found. The present findings underscore the need for strategies that encourage healthy behaviors.

Objetivou-se identificar padrões alimentares e sua associação com características socioeconômicas, de estilo de vida, estado nutricional, perfil lipídico e inflamatório em adolescentes. Estudo transversal, com amostra probabilística, utilizando dados da linha de base (2014) do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentário, Atividade Física, Hábitos Alimentares e Saúde de Adolescentes (LONCAAFS). Participaram 1.438 adolescentes (10 a 14 anos), da rede pública de João Pessoa-PB. Foram obtidos dados socioeconômicos, medidas antropométricas, estilo de vida e exames bioquímicos. Os dados dietéticos foram obtidos por recordatórios de 24h, sendo os padrões alimentares identificados por análise fatorial exploratória e as associações de interesse estimadas por regressão logística múltipla. Foram encontrados três padrões alimentares: "Tradicional", "Lanches" e "Ocidental" que se associaram com idade, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade dos pais e estilo de vida. O padrão "Tradicional" se mostrou associado a menor adiposidade e melhor perfil lipídico, porém com a maior idade, há maior adesão aos padrões "Lanches" e "Ocidental". Os resultados da análise do padrão alimentar de adolescentes apontam para necessidade de estratégias que incentivem comportamentos saudáveis.

[Does nutritional status moderate the association between social support, self-efficacy, and physical activity time of adolescents?] / O estado nutricional modera a associação entre apoio social, autoeficácia e tempo de atividade física dos adolescentes?

The scope of this paper is to analyze the association between social support, self-efficacy and practice time of physical activity of different intensity (light, moderate, vigorous) and evaluate if these associations are moderated by the nutritional status of adolescents. It involved a cross-sectional study with 650 adolescents (10-14 years old, 52.9% female) from João Pessoa, State of Paraíba. Social support was measured by a scale with five items for each source of support (father, mother and friends) and self-efficacy, with a scale of four items. The physical activity time was measured by means of an accelerometer and the nutritional status was assessed by body mass index. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that social support of friends was positively and significantly associated with moderate intensity physical activity time (ß=2.67; CI95%: 0.28; 5.07). The nutritional status did not moderate the association of social support and self-efficacy with the duration of physical activity (p>0.05). The conclusion drawn is that adolescents who perceived that they are receiving more social support from friends tend to practice more moderate intensity physical activity, irrespective of their nutritional status.

O objetivo foi analisar a associação entre o apoio social, autoeficácia e o tempo de prática de atividade física de diferentes intensidades (leve, moderada, vigorosa) e avaliar se essas associações são moderadas pelo estado nutricional dos adolescentes. Estudo transversal, com 650 adolescentes (10-14 anos de idade, 52,9% do sexo feminino) de João Pessoa-PB. O apoio social foi mensurado por uma escala com cinco itens para cada fonte de apoio (pai, mãe e amigos) e a autoeficácia com escala de quatro itens. O tempo de atividade física foi mensurado por meio de acelerômetro e o estado nutricional determinado a partir do índice de massa corporal. Na análise de regressão linear múltipla o apoio social dos amigos se associou de forma positiva e significativa com o tempo de prática de atividade física de intensidade moderada (ß=2,67; IC95%: 0,28; 5,07). O estado nutricional não moderou a associação do apoio social e da autoeficácia com o tempo de atividade física (p>0,05). Adolescentes que percebiam receber mais apoio social dos amigos apresentaram maior prática de atividade física de intensidade moderada, independentemente do seu estado nutricional.

Breaks in Sedentary Time and Cardiometabolic Markers in Adolescents. / Breaks no Tempo em Comportamento Sedentário e Marcadores Cardiometabólicos em Adolescentes.

BACKGROUND: The interruption of the time spent in sedentary behavior (breaks) has been associated with better levels of cardiometabolic indicators in the adult population, but in adolescents, further investigations are still needed to confirm these findings. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association of the number of breaks per day in sedentary behaviors with cardiometabolic markers and whether it was moderated by nutritional status and excessive time on sedentary behavior in adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 537 adolescents (52.3% girls), aged between 10 and 14 years, enrolled in public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil. The number of daily breaks (>100 counts/minutes) in sedentary time was measured by Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers. The following cardiometabolic markers were analyzed: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), fasting blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c (all in mg/dL) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2). Linear regression was used to analyze the association between the number of breaks and cardiometabolic markers and whether this association was moderated by nutritional status and excessive time in sedentary behavior. The significance level of p<0.05 was adopted for all analyses. RESULTS: The number of daily breaks was negatively associated with BMI (boys - ß = -0.083; 95%CI: -0.132; -0.034 and girls - ß = -0.115; 95%CI: -0.169; -0.061), but not with the remaining cardiometabolic markers. The number of breaks per day was negatively associated with BMI (ß = -0.069; 95% CI: -0.102; -0.035), but not with the other cardiometabolic markers and this association was not moderated by the adolescents' nutritional status (p=0.221), or by excessive time in sedentary behavior (p=0.176). CONCLUSIONS: Including breaks in sedentary time seems to contribute to lower BMI values in adolescents.

FUNDAMENTO: Interrupções no tempo despendido em comportamento sedentário (breaks) têm sido associadas a melhores níveis de indicadores cardiometabólicos na população adulta. No entanto, em adolescentes, os achados sobre essa associação ainda são conflitantes. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a associação do número de breaks por dia em comportamento sedentário com marcadores cardiometabólicos e avaliar se ela é moderada pelo estado nutricional e o tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 537 adolescentes (52,3% do sexo feminino), de 10 a 14 anos de idade, de escolas públicas de João Pessoa (PB). O número diário de breaks em comportamento sedentário (>100 counts/minutos) foi mensurado por meio de acelerômetros (Actigraph GT3X+). Os marcadores cardiometabólicos analisados foram: pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (mmHg), glicose de jejum, colesterol total, triglicerídeos, HDL-c, LDL-c (todos em mg/dL) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2). Utilizou-se a regressão linear para analisar a associação do número de breaks com marcadores cardiometabólicos e avaliar se ela é moderada pelo estado nutricional e o tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário. O nível de significância de p<0,05 foi adotado para todas as análises. RESULTADOS: O número de breaks por dia se associou negativamente ao IMC (ß = −0,069; IC95%: −0,102; −0,035), mas não aos demais marcadores cardiometabólicos, e essa associação não foi moderada pelo estado nutricional dos adolescentes (p=0,221) e nem pelo tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário (p=0,176). CONCLUSÃO: A inclusão de breaks no tempo em comportamento sedentário parece contribuir para valores mais baixos do IMC em adolescentes.

Reliability, validity and internal consistency of social support and self-efficacy scales for physical activity in adolescents with 10 to 14 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reliability, validity and internal consistency of the physical activity social support (SSS) and self-efficacy (SES) scales among adolescents aged 10-14 years. METHODS: The reliability study included 171 adolescents (mean age=12.3±1.0 years, 59.6% female) and validity and consistency study with 1,107 (mean age=12.0±1.0 years, 52.7% female). The SSS had 15 items and the SES eight items. Reliability was determined by Spearman's correlation analysis (rho) and validity and internal consistency by factor analysis (exploratory - EFA and confirmatory - CFA) and the composite reliability (CR), respectively. RESULTS: The reliability of SSS (father: rho=0.80; p<0.001 | mother: rho=0.76; p<0.001 | friends: rho=0.75; p<0.001) and SES (rho=0.72; p<0.001) were considered high. In the EFA, three factors were identified for the SSS (father, mother and friends - five items each) and one factor for SES (five items), confirmed in the CFA. Quality parameters of adjustment in the final models were satisfactory for SSS (chi-square=240.5 [p<0.001]; root mean square residual - RMR=0.05; root mean square error of approximation - RMSEA=0.04 [90%CI 0.04-0.05]; goodness of fit index - GFI=0.97; adjusted goodness of fit index - AGFI=0.96 and comparative fit index - CFI=0.97) and SES (chi-square=5.4 [p=0.07]; RMR=0.01; RMSEA=0.04 [90%CI 0.00-0.08]; GFI=0.99; AGFI=0.99 and CFI=0.97). Internal consistency was considered satisfactory for SSS (CR: father=0.79, mother=0.77, friends=0.78) and low for SES (CR=0.38). CONCLUSIONS: The scales showed satisfactory levels of reliability and of construct validity. However, only the SSS showed adequate levels of internal consistency.

O estado nutricional modera a associação entre apoio social, autoeficácia e tempo de atividade física dos adolescentes? / Does nutritional status moderate the association between social support, self-efficacy, and physical activity time of adolescents?

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a associação entre o apoio social, autoeficácia e o tempo de prática de atividade física de diferentes intensidades (leve, moderada, vigorosa) e avaliar se essas associações são moderadas pelo estado nutricional dos adolescentes. Estudo transversal, com 650 adolescentes (10-14 anos de idade, 52,9% do sexo feminino) de João Pessoa-PB. O apoio social foi mensurado por uma escala com cinco itens para cada fonte de apoio (pai, mãe e amigos) e a autoeficácia com escala de quatro itens. O tempo de atividade física foi mensurado por meio de acelerômetro e o estado nutricional determinado a partir do índice de massa corporal. Na análise de regressão linear múltipla o apoio social dos amigos se associou de forma positiva e significativa com o tempo de prática de atividade física de intensidade moderada (β=2,67; IC95%: 0,28; 5,07). O estado nutricional não moderou a associação do apoio social e da autoeficácia com o tempo de atividade física (p>0,05). Adolescentes que percebiam receber mais apoio social dos amigos apresentaram maior prática de atividade física de intensidade moderada, independentemente do seu estado nutricional.

Abstract The scope of this paper is to analyze the association between social support, self-efficacy and practice time of physical activity of different intensity (light, moderate, vigorous) and evaluate if these associations are moderated by the nutritional status of adolescents. It involved a cross-sectional study with 650 adolescents (10-14 years old, 52.9% female) from João Pessoa, State of Paraíba. Social support was measured by a scale with five items for each source of support (father, mother and friends) and self-efficacy, with a scale of four items. The physical activity time was measured by means of an accelerometer and the nutritional status was assessed by body mass index. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that social support of friends was positively and significantly associated with moderate intensity physical activity time (β=2.67; CI95%: 0.28; 5.07). The nutritional status did not moderate the association of social support and self-efficacy with the duration of physical activity (p>0.05). The conclusion drawn is that adolescents who perceived that they are receiving more social support from friends tend to practice more moderate intensity physical activity, irrespective of their nutritional status.

Are Self-Efficacy and Perceived Environmental Characteristics Determinants of Decline in Physical Activity Time?

CONTEXT: This study analyzed whether self-efficacy (SE) and perceived environmental characteristics (EC) are determinants of the decline in physical activity (PA) time in adolescents. METHODS: This used longitudinal observational approach, with 4 years of data collection, involving 355 adolescents (57.7% girls and 42.3% boys), average age of 11.8 years (0.1 y), from João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. SE and EC were measured by scales and PA by a questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression was used to associate SE and EC with a decline in PA. RESULTS: There was a linear trend toward a decrease in average PA duration (58.3 [13.7] min/wk/y) and a rise in average access to places for PA (point per year) (0.6 [0.1]), urban safety (0.2 [0.1]), and traffic safety scores (0.5 [0.1]). The results of multivariable analysis indicated that SE and EC were not associated with the decline in PA. CONCLUSION: There was a decline in PA time, and SE and perceived EC were not determinants of this decline.

Breaks no tempo em comportamento sedentário e marcadores cardiometabólicos em adolescentes / Breaks in sedentary time and cardiometabolic markers in adolescents

Resumo Fundamento: Interrupções no tempo despendido em comportamento sedentário (breaks) têm sido associadas a melhores níveis de indicadores cardiometabólicos na população adulta. No entanto, em adolescentes, os achados sobre essa associação ainda são conflitantes. Objetivos: Analisar a associação do número de breaks por dia em comportamento sedentário com marcadores cardiometabólicos e avaliar se ela é moderada pelo estado nutricional e o tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 537 adolescentes (52,3% do sexo feminino), de 10 a 14 anos de idade, de escolas públicas de João Pessoa (PB). O número diário de breaks em comportamento sedentário (>100 counts/minutos) foi mensurado por meio de acelerômetros (Actigraph GT3X+). Os marcadores cardiometabólicos analisados foram: pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (mmHg), glicose de jejum, colesterol total, triglicerídeos, HDL-c, LDL-c (todos em mg/dL) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2). Utilizou-se a regressão linear para analisar a associação do número de breaks com marcadores cardiometabólicos e avaliar se ela é moderada pelo estado nutricional e o tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário. O nível de significância de p<0,05 foi adotado para todas as análises. Resultados: O número de breaks por dia se associou negativamente ao IMC (ß = −0,069; IC95%: −0,102; −0,035), mas não aos demais marcadores cardiometabólicos, e essa associação não foi moderada pelo estado nutricional dos adolescentes (p=0,221) e nem pelo tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário (p=0,176). Conclusão: A inclusão de breaks no tempo em comportamento sedentário parece contribuir para valores mais baixos do IMC em adolescentes.

Abstract Background: The interruption of the time spent in sedentary behavior (breaks) has been associated with better levels of cardiometabolic indicators in the adult population, but in adolescents, further investigations are still needed to confirm these findings. Objectives: To analyze the association of the number of breaks per day in sedentary behaviors with cardiometabolic markers and whether it was moderated by nutritional status and excessive time on sedentary behavior in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 537 adolescents (52.3% girls), aged between 10 and 14 years, enrolled in public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil. The number of daily breaks (>100 counts/minutes) in sedentary time was measured by Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers. The following cardiometabolic markers were analyzed: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), fasting blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c (all in mg/dL) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2). Linear regression was used to analyze the association between the number of breaks and cardiometabolic markers and whether this association was moderated by nutritional status and excessive time in sedentary behavior. The significance level of p<0.05 was adopted for all analyses. Results: The number of daily breaks was negatively associated with BMI (boys - ß = −0.083; 95%CI: −0.132; −0.034 and girls - ß = −0.115; 95%CI: −0.169; −0.061), but not with the remaining cardiometabolic markers. The number of breaks per day was negatively associated with BMI (ß = −0.069; 95% CI: −0.102; −0.035), but not with the other cardiometabolic markers and this association was not moderated by the adolescents' nutritional status (p=0.221), or by excessive time in sedentary behavior (p=0.176). Conclusions: Including breaks in sedentary time seems to contribute to lower BMI values in adolescents.

Atividade física para crianças e jovens: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Physical activity for children and youth: Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

A prática regular de atividade física promove benefícios fisiológicos, psicológicos e sociais na vida de crianças e jovens. Apesar da alta prevalência de jovens que não praticam atividade física em nosso país e de termos uma boa colocação no ranking mundial de produção acadêmica sobre pesquisa na área de atividade física e saúde, ainda não havia sido publicadas as recomendações brasileiras de atividade física. O objetivo deste artigo consistiu em descrever como foi desenvolvido o capítulo para crianças e jovens de 6 a 17 anos do Guia de Atividade Física para População Brasileira e apresentar as principais recomendações para esta faixa etária. A construção do capítulo para crianças e jovens envolveu as seguintes etapas: a) revisão de literatura; b) redação da versão preliminar do capítulo; c) processo de escuta com o público alvo referente ao capítulo e especialistas da área de promoção da atividade física; d) realização de consulta pública e; e) redação da versão final do capítulo. Os tópicos apresentados abordam exemplos de atividades físicas praticadas em diferentes domínios; recomendações para a prática (tipos, intensidade, frequência, duração e as formas que a mesma pode ser estruturada). São apresentadas orientações para jovens, pais/responsáveis e professores sobre como adotar e manter um estilo de vida mais ativo fisicamente, assim como sugestões para reduzir o tempo em comportamento sedentário. A elaboração de um guia nacional de atividade física para a população brasileira foi algo inédito, e resultou de um esforço conjunto entre diversos setores da sociedade

Regular physical activity promotes physiological, psychological and social benefits in the lives of children and adolescents. Despite the high prevalence of young people who do not physically activity in our country, and that we have a good ranking in world academic production on research in the physical activity and health area, Brazilian recommendations for physical activity had not been published until then. The aim of this article was to describe how the chapter for children and young people aged 6-17 years of Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population was developed and to present the main recommendations for this age group. The construction of the chapter for children and young people involved the following steps: a) lit-erature review; b) writing the preliminary version of the chapter; c) listening process of the target audience for the chapter and specialists in the physical activity promoting area; d) public consultation; and e) writing the final version of the chapter. The topics presented cover examples of physical activities practised in different domains; recommendations for practice (types, intensity, frequency, duration and the ways in which it can be structured). Guidance is provided for young people, parents/guardians and teachers about how to adopt and maintain a more physically active lifestyle, as well as suggestions for reducing time in sedentary behaviour. The construction of a national guidelines about physical activity for Brazilian population is something un-precedented, and resulted from a joint effort of several departments of society

Prospective association between dietary patterns and BMI Z-score in Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To identify dietary patterns and prospectively evaluate their influence on the BMI Z-score of adolescents. DESIGN: A longitudinal study, using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health - LONCAAFS. SETTING: To obtain data on food consumption, a 24-h recall survey was conducted; a second 24-h recall was applied to 30 % of the sample in all waves. Dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis using principal components. BMI Z-score was determined according to the recommendation of the WHO, based on the BMI for age and sex. Socio-economic data, sedentary behaviour and physical activity level were obtained. Associations between BMI Z-score and dietary patterns and between BMI Z-score and variables of interest were determined using generalised estimating equations. PARTICIPANTS: Totally, 1431 adolescents were assessed in 2014, 1178 in 2015, 959 in 2016 and 773 in 2017, belonging to the public schools of João Pessoa, Northeast Brazil. RESULTS: Three dietary patterns were identified throughout the study: 'traditional', 'snacks' and 'Western'. The 'Western' dietary pattern was positively associated with BMI Z-score (ß = 0·025; 95 % CI 0·002, 0·048), regardless of sex and physical activity level, prospectively. CONCLUSION: A dietary pattern composed of foods with high energy density, high fat and sugars, and low fibre influences the BMI Z-score of adolescents over time.