High Intensity Interval Training Reduces the Levels of Serum Inflammatory Cytokine on Women with Metabolic Syndrome.

Objectives: This study investigate the effects of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) and 2 weeks of detraining in functional and body composition parameters, lipoproteins, glucose metabolismand inflammation markers in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MS). Design: 17 untrained women with MS underwent a HIIT program for 12 weeks. Methods: The training was performed in treadmills, 3 days per week, with intensity ranging from 70-90% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax) and 2 weeks untrained (inactive). Functional and body composition parameters were evaluated before and after the training, while maximal oxygen uptake, lipoprotein and inflammation markers were analyzed before, after training and also in detraining. Results: The HITT program resulted in changesparameters as glucose, HbA1cand NOx after training. In addition, a reduction in pro-inflammatory interleukins and an increase in IL-10 after the HIIT program were found. However, an increase in plasma levels of lipoprotein was found and body composition parameters remain unaltered.Besides, only 2 weeks of detraining are able to revert the effects on inflammatory parameters afforded by the HIIT program. Conclusions: The HIIT program used here positively affected inflammatory profile and other parameters, as glucose, HbA1cand NOx, on postmenopausal women with MS. Moreover, 2 weeks of detraining can reverse the beneficial effects of HIIT program. Our results point out the necessity to aply acontinuous HITT program, in order maintain the benefits detected, to post menopausal women with MS.

Weight loss is not mandatory for exercise-induced effects on health indices in females with metabolic syndrome.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of moderate aerobic training on functional, anthropometric, biochemical, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) parameters on women with metabolic syndrome (MS). Fifteen untrained women with MS performed moderate aerobic training for 15 weeks, without modifications of dietary behaviours. Functional, anthropometric, biochemical, control diet record and HRQOL parameters were assessed before and after the training. Despite body weight maintenance, the patients presented decreases in waist circumference (P = 0.001), number of MS components (P = 0.014), total cholesterol (P = 0.049), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.004), LDL cholesterol (P = 0.027), myeloperoxidase activity (P = 0.002) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels (P = 0.006). There were no differences in total energy, carbohydrate, protein and lipid intake pre- and post-training. Furthermore, improvements in the HRQOL subscales of physical functioning (P = 0.03), role-physical (P = 0.039), bodily pain (P = 0.048), general health (P = 0.046) and social functioning scoring (P = 0.011) were reported. Despite the absence of weight loss, aerobic training induced beneficial effects on functional, anthropometric, biochemical and HRQOL parameters in women with MS.

Disease of the left main coronary artery. Surgical treatment and long-term follow up in 267 patients.

Of 4,196 patients undergoing coronary angiography, 297 (7 percent) had left main coronary arterial narrowing. In 188 (4.5 percent) the narrowing was greater than or equal to 70 percent and in 109 (3 percent) it was between 50 and 69 percent. Three patients (1 percent) died at cardiac catheterization. Saphenous vein bypass graft surgery was performed in 267 patients with an operative mortality of 7 percent: in 179 patients the left main coronary narrowing was greater than or equal to 70 percent (operative mortality 9 percent), and in 88 between 50 and 69 percent (mortality rate 2 percent). There was an average of 2.6 grafts per patient. The course of these patients was followed up for 4 3/4 years. At 1 year there was a 92.2 percent survival rate. The rate of survival at 2, 3 and 4 3/4 years, was 91, 89 and 86 percent, respectively. After saphenous vein bypass graft surgery, 75 percent of patients are angina-free and 22.4 percent are in improved condition. Grafts were studied in 51 patients and 85 percent of 128 grafts were found to be patent. It appears that there is improvement in survival and a reduction of symptoms after saphenous vein bypass graft surgery in patients with left main coronary arterial narrowing.

Forward angiography in the identification of vegetations in tricuspid endocarditis.

A patient with staphylococcal endocarditis of unknown valvular location and resistant to antibiotic therapy was studied in order to localize the site of infection prior to cardiac surger. The injection of contrast material into the right atrium visualized tricuspid vegetations which were confirmed at surgery. In such situations, forward angiographic studies constitute a safe, simple, and potentially diagnostic procedure which avoids the hazards of advancing a catheter across an infected valve.