Renal Cell Carcinoma in Renal Transplantation: The Case for Surveillance.

INTRODUCTION: Between January 2013 and September 2015, 135 consecutive renal transplant patients were screened prospectively with ultrasound for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RESULTS: Eighteen ultrasound abnormalities were identified with 4 solid lesions detected. Fifty-six other patients were screened retrospectively by referring nephrology groups, with 6 additional malignancies found. CONCLUSION: As a result of our data, we recommend and have instituted annual ultrasound screening of native kidneys in all renal transplant patients.