ABSTRACT
We identified a subset of impulsive, aggressive children as having symptoms that met criteria for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) using the Interview Module for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (M-IED). The M-IED was administered to 34 children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 17. These data provide initial evidence for the M-IED as a useful instrument in the diagnosis of IED in adolescents. The M-IED displayed a high level of inter-rater reliability and adequate test-retest reliability. Construct validity was supported by the fact that the subjects with IED symptomatology had significantly more lifetime aggression, oppositionality, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity compared to community controls. In addition, the subjects with IED symptomatology had a significantly greater number of episodes of lifetime physical aggression and documented episodes of aggression while in residential treatment compared to psychiatric controls. The subjects with IED symptomatology had a greater number of positive screening questions for DSM-IV diagnoses using the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham questionnaire (SNAP-IV), particularly those related to IED and posttraumatic stress disorder than psychiatric controls.
Subject(s)
Aggression , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/classification , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Pilot Projects , Predictive Value of Tests , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The natural abundance 13C-NMR spectra of five alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, tolazoline, dibenamine, azapetine, phenoxybenzamine, and phentolamine, are reported. The chemical shifts of various carbon resonances were assigned on the basis of chemical shift theory, multiplicities observed in single-frequency off-resonance-decoupled spectra, relaxation times, and comparisons with the chemical shifts of model compounds.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/analysis , Dibenzazepines/analysis , Dibenzylchlorethamine/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Phenoxybenzamine/analysis , Phentolamine/analysis , Tolazoline/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The natural abundance 13C-NMR spectra of ampyrone and aminopyrine were obtained using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shifts were assigned with the help of the chemical shift theory, multiplicity generated in single-frequency off-resonance decoupled spectra, relaxation time, and comparison with structurally related compounds.
Subject(s)
Aminopyrine/analysis , Antipyrine/analogs & derivatives , Antipyrine/analysis , Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
The natural abundance 13C-NMR spectra of brucine and strychnine were obtained using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shifts of various carbon resonances were assigned on the basis of substituent effects on benzene shifts, intesities of signals, multiplicites generated in single-frequency off-resonance-decoupled spectra, and comparisons with the chemical shifts of structurally related compounds.
