Progress in the Preparation and Application of Breathable Membranes.

Breathable membranes with micropores enable the transfer of gas molecules while blocking liquids and solids, and have a wide range of applications in medical, industrial, environmental, and energy fields. Breathability is highly influenced by the nature of a material, pore size, and pore structure. Preparation methods and the incorporation of functional materials are responsible for the variety of physical properties and applications of breathable membranes. In this review, the preparation methods of breathable membranes, including blown film extrusion, cast film extrusion, phase separation, and electrospinning, are discussed. According to the antibacterial, hydrophobic, thermal insulation, conductive, and adsorption properties, the application of breathable membranes in the fields of electronics, medicine, textiles, packaging, energy, and the environment are summarized. Perspectives on the development trends and challenges of breathable membranes are discussed.

Comparison Of Soft Tissue Chin And Lower Lip Thickness In Adult Patients With Various Mandibular Divergence Patterns.

BACKGROUND: The influence of hard tissue discrepancies on soft tissue cannot be ignored. The divergence or angle of the mandible can influence the lower lip and chin (soft tissue), similar to the influence of incisors inclinations on the pro/ retrusion of the lips. Hence this study was carried out to find out the impact of mandibular divergence patterns on the contour and thickness of lower facial soft tissues. METHODS: Using the Lateral cephalograms of 105 subjects, Lip thickness was measured between the protruding endpoint of the maxillary incisors (U1) to the stomion point (St) and between the infra dentale (Id) and labrale inferius (Li). Soft tissue chin thickness was measured between the landmarks at hard tissue bony pogonion (Pog) to its opposite point on soft tissue (Pog'), hard tissue gnathion (Gn) to soft tissue gnathion (Gn') and hard tissue menton (Me) to its opposite point on ST menton (Me'). RESULTS: Lower lip thickness from Id-Li (infradentale labrale inferius) was greater in subjects with mandibular hyperdivergent pattern (p-value 0.097) while soft tissue chin thickness was decreased in hyperdivergent and increased in individuals with mandibular hypodivergence in both genders (p-value at gnathion was 0.596, menton was 0.023, and pogonion was 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Lower lip thickness was increased in the individuals with mandibular hyperdivergence measured from infradentale to labrale inferius. While increased soft tissue thickness was observed at points gnathion and menton in patients with mandibular hypodivergence with no obvious difference at pogonion point.

Recent synthetic approaches towards thienothiophenes: a potential template for biologically active compounds.

Heterocyclic compounds are attractive candidates because of their vast applications in natural and physical sciences. Thienothiophene (TT) is an annulated ring of two thiophene rings with a stable and electron-rich structure. Thienothiophenes (TTs) fully represent the planar system, which can drastically alter or improve the fundamental properties of organic, π-conjugated materials when included into a molecular architecture. These molecules possessed many applications including, pharmaceutical as well as optoelectronic properties. Different isomeric forms of thienothiophene showed various applications such as antiviral, antitumor, antiglaucoma, antimicrobial, and as semiconductors, solar cells, organic field effect transistors, electroluminiscents etc. A number of methodologies were adopted to synthesize thienothiophene derivatives. In this review, we have addressed different synthetic strategies of various isomeric forms of thienothiophene that have been reported during last seven years, i.e., 2016-2022.

Climatological and social fallacies about COVID-19 pandemic.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a major global challenge since 2019. With the fast rise in the infected cases and deaths worldwide, many environmental and climate-related myths and fallacies spreaded fast. These fallacies include virus cannot spread in hot and humid conditions, cold weather can inhibit the virus, drinking hot water and sunlight can help cure the COVID-19, ultraviolet (UV) disinfectant lamps and UV rays from sunlight can kill the virus, use of hairdryers and hot showers for virus prevention, etc. Social norms and mindset of the people in the world towards a pandemic are quite similar. The primary purpose of this article is to enlighten the readers regarding these climatological misconceptions and social fallacies, helping spread proper knowledge and manage the outbreak of this deadly pandemic.