Resultados de un taller de cricotiroidotomía quirúrgica con un modelo de tráquea de cerdo / Results of a surgical cricothyrotomy workshop with a pig trachea model

Introducción: Las últimas guías de la Difficult Airway Society recomiendan que todos los anestesiólogos deberían estar entrenados para la realización de una cricotiroidotomía quirúrgica (CtQ). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los resultados de aprendizaje de un taller de CtQ mediante la evaluación de la tasa de éxito y el tiempo necesario para realizarla en un modelo de tráquea porcina. Material y métodos: Diseñamos un taller en el que cada alumno respondía un cuestionario con datos demográficos y conocimientos teóricos sobre el abordaje quirúrgico de la vía aérea. Durante la hora siguiente se revisaron aspectos teóricos. Se mostró el modelo y realizamos una CtQ siguiendo la técnica clásica. Después, en grupos de 3-4 alumnos con un instructor, los alumnos realizaron 6 CtQ cada uno. Registramos si la ventilación era correcta, el tiempo necesario para realizarla y la facilidad de realización evaluada por alumno e instructor. Finalmente, los alumnos respondieron un cuestionario de aspectos teóricos. Realizamos un análisis estadístico, considerando estadísticamente significativo un valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Llevamos a cabo 8 ediciones del taller, con 91 alumnos. Consiguieron hacer la CtQ y ventilar correctamente el 86% en el primer intento y el 92% en el sexto (p<0,0001). El tiempo necesario para hacer una CtQ pasó de 163 [107-211] a 70 [55-85] segundos (p<0,0001). Al final del taller los alumnos habían mejorado sus conocimientos teóricos (p<0,0001) y la percepción de facilidad de la técnica. Conclusión: El taller realizado mejora los conocimientos teóricos y la competencia en la realización de una CtQ

Background: The latest Difficult Airway Society (DAS) guidelines recommend that all anaesthesiologists should to be trained in the performing of a surgical cricothyrotomy (CtQ). The aim of this study was to analyse the learning results of a CtQ workshop by assessing the success rate and time to perform CtQ on a porcine tracheal model. Material and methods: A workshop was designed in which each student completed a questionnaire with demographic data and theoretical knowledge about surgical approaches of airway. During the following hour, a review was presented theoretical aspects of CtQ. The model was shown and a CtQ was performed using a classical technique. Afterwards, in groups of 3-4 students with an instructor, each one of the students performed 6 CtQ. A record was made on whether the ventilation was correct, the time to perform CtQ, and the ease of performing the CtQ by the students and instructors. Finally, students completed a questionnaire on the theoretical aspects. Students and instructors performed a workshop debriefing. A statistical analysis was performed, considering a P-value <0.05 as statistically significant. Results: A total of 8 workshop sessions were held with a total of 91 students. At first attempt, 86% of students performed a CtQ with successful ventilation, and 92% at the sixth attempt (P<.0001). Time taken was 163 [107-211] seconds at first attempt, and 70 [55-85] seconds at the sixth (P<.0001). At the end of workshop, students had improved their theoretical knowledge (P<.0001) and perception of the ease of the technique. Conclusion: Workshop performance improved theoretical knowledge and competence in surgical cricothyrotomy

Results of a surgical cricothyrotomy workshop with a pig trachea model. / Resultados de un taller de cricotiroidotomía quirúrgica con un modelo de tráquea de cerdo.

BACKGROUND: The latest Difficult Airway Society (DAS) guidelines recommend that all anaesthesiologists should to be trained in the performing of a surgical cricothyrotomy (CtQ). The aim of this study was to analyse the learning results of a CtQ workshop by assessing the success rate and time to perform CtQ on a porcine tracheal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A workshop was designed in which each student completed a questionnaire with demographic data and theoretical knowledge about surgical approaches of airway. During the following hour, a review was presented theoretical aspects of CtQ. The model was shown and a CtQ was performed using a classical technique. Afterwards, in groups of 3-4 students with an instructor, each one of the students performed 6 CtQ. A record was made on whether the ventilation was correct, the time to perform CtQ, and the ease of performing the CtQ by the students and instructors. Finally, students completed a questionnaire on the theoretical aspects. Students and instructors performed a workshop debriefing. A statistical analysis was performed, considering a P-value <0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 8 workshop sessions were held with a total of 91 students. At first attempt, 86% of students performed a CtQ with successful ventilation, and 92% at the sixth attempt (P<.0001). Time taken was 163 [107-211] seconds at first attempt, and 70 [55-85] seconds at the sixth (P<.0001). At the end of workshop, students had improved their theoretical knowledge (P<.0001) and perception of the ease of the technique. CONCLUSION: Workshop performance improved theoretical knowledge and competence in surgical cricothyrotomy.

Evaluación del videolaringoscopio TruviewPCD para la intubación de niños / Assessment of TruviewPCD videolaryngoscope for intubation in children

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio observacional y prospectivo fue evaluar la utilidad de TruviewPCD para la intubación pediátrica en la práctica clínica y generar datos para nuevos estudios. Material y método. Incluimos 86 niños consecutivos intervenidos de cirugía otorrinolaringológica, pediátrica o ambas, bajo anestesia general con intubación orotraqueal. Los niños que presentaban 2 o más criterios de dificultad para el manejo de la vía aérea se excluyeron del estudio. Realizamos análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados. Ochenta y tres pacientes se intubaron con TruviewPCD. Datos demográficos: edad 4,9 (2,8) años, peso 19,5 (7,7)kg. Setenta y nueve niños se intubaron en el primer intento y 4 en 2 intentos. El tiempo necesario para obtener la mejor visión glótica posible fue (media y desviación estándar) 10,8 (5,6)seg y el tiempo de intubación total (mediana y distancia intercuartil 25-75%) fue de 30 (27,9-37)seg. La intubación fue catalogada como fácil o muy fácil en 81 pacientes. No se registró ninguna complicación importante. Conclusiones. Concluimos que TruviewPCD es un buen dispositivo para el manejo de la vía pediátrica. Sería interesante disponer de un tamaño de pala intermedio, entre la 1 y la 2, ya que hay una diferencia considerable de tamaño entre ambas (AU)

Objective. The aim of this observational prospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of TruviewPCD for tracheal intubation in clinical practice, and to provide data for future studies. Material and method. A study was conducted on 86 consecutive children undergoing ear, nose and throat (ENT) or paediatric procedures under general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation. Children with two or more difficult airway criteria were excluded. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results. Eighty-three patients were successfully intubated with TruviewPCD. Demographic data: Age 4.9 (2.8) years, weight 19.5 (7.7)kg. Seventy-nine children needed one attempt and four required two attempts at intubation. Time for glottis view and tracheal intubation was 10.8 (5.6) and 30 [27.9-37] seconds, respectively. Eighty-one patients were classified as easy or very easy to intubate, and only two cases were considered difficult. No significant complications were registered. Conclusions. TruviewPCD is a good device for paediatric airway management. It would be interesting to have an intermediate blade between size 1 and 2, as the difference between both is too wide (AU)

Assessment of TruviewPCD videolaryngoscope for intubation in children. / Evaluación del videolaringoscopio TruviewPCD para la intubación de niños.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this observational prospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of TruviewPCD for tracheal intubation in clinical practice, and to provide data for future studies. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A study was conducted on 86 consecutive children undergoing ear, nose and throat (ENT) or paediatric procedures under general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation. Children with two or more difficult airway criteria were excluded. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients were successfully intubated with TruviewPCD. Demographic data: Age 4.9 (2.8) years, weight 19.5 (7.7)kg. Seventy-nine children needed one attempt and four required two attempts at intubation. Time for glottis view and tracheal intubation was 10.8 (5.6) and 30 [27.9-37] seconds, respectively. Eighty-one patients were classified as easy or very easy to intubate, and only two cases were considered difficult. No significant complications were registered. CONCLUSIONS: TruviewPCD is a good device for paediatric airway management. It would be interesting to have an intermediate blade between size 1 and 2, as the difference between both is too wide.

[McGrath video laryngoscope used with a Frova intubating introducer for management of the difficult airway]. / Uso del videolaringoscopio de McGrath junto con la guía Frova en el manejo de la vía aérea difícil.

The McGrath video laryngoscope is a new airway management device. It is similar to the Macintosh laryngoscope but incorporates a blade at a 60 degrees angle and a camera that sends an image to a color display screen connected to the handle. The device, which requires use of an anti-fog substance and an introducer to guide the angled blade, has been reported to aid in the management of difficult airways. We present 3 cases of difficult oral-tracheal intubation managed with the McGrath video laryngoscope and a Frova intubating introducer. Advantages of this introducer are that it offers the possibility of administering oxygen or changing the size of the endotracheal tube if the first choice proves inappropriate. We discuss whether or not tests to predict difficult airways are applicable when the McGrath video laryngoscope is being used, given that it is not necessary to align the axes of the 3 airways. We conclude it may be useful to combine the McGrath video laryngoscope and the Frova introducer to manage difficult airways.

Uso del videolaringoscopio de McGrath junto con la guía Frova en el manejo de la vía aérea difícil / McGrath video laryngoscope used with a Frova intubating introducer for management of the difficult airway

El videolaringoscopio de McGrath es un nuevo dispositivopara el tratamiento de la vía aérea, se asemeja aun laringoscopio de Macintosh pero incorpora una palacon una angulación de 60º y un sistema óptico conectadoa una pantalla en color que va unida al mango del videolaringoscopio.Requiere de la utilización de una sustanciaantivaho y de una guía que permita vencer el ángulode la pala. En la literatura se ha descrito su uso enpacientes con criterios de dificultad en el manejo de lavía aérea. Presentamos tres casos de intubación orotraquealdifícil que fueron intubados con el videolaringoscopiode McGrath y un introductor de Frova para laintubación. La utilización de este tipo de guía aporta unaserie de ventajas como la posibilidad de administraciónde oxígeno a través de la misma o la posibilidad de cambiarel tamaño del tubo endotraqueal si no hemos elegidoel adecuado. Discutimos la idoneidad de las pruebaspredictoras de intubación orotraqueal difícil debido a lano necesidad de alineación de los tres ejes cuando se utilizael videolaringoscopio de McGrath. Concluimos quela combinación de videolaringoscopio de McGrath yguía Frova puede ser una buena opción para el manejode la vía aérea difícil(AU)

The McGrath video laryngoscope is a new airwaymanagement device. It is similar to the Macintoshlaryngoscope but incorporates a blade at a 60° angle anda camera that sends an image to a color display screenconnected to the handle. The device, which requires useof an anti-fog substance and an introducer to guide theangled blade, has been reported to aid in themanagement of difficult airways. We present 3 cases ofdifficult oral-tracheal intubation managed with theMcGrath video laryngoscope and a Frova intubatingintroducer. Advantages of this introducer are that itoffers the possibility of administering oxygen or changingthe size of the endotracheal tube if the first choice provesinappropriate. We discuss whether or not tests to predictdifficult airways are applicable when the McGrath videolaryngoscope is being used, given that it is not necessaryto align the axes of the 3 airways. We conclude it may beuseful to combine the McGrath video laryngoscope andthe Frova introducer to manage difficult airways(AU)