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1.
Med. paliat ; 28(4): 225-229, oct.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-225448

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo: La ecografía clínica o “a pie de cama” es una herramienta cada vez más utilizada en la práctica médica habitual dada su portabilidad, inocuidad y rapidez de realización. Todo ello permite la toma de decisiones instantánea y una menor dependencia de un médico especialista en radiodiagnóstico. Existe escasa literatura acerca de la ecografía clínica en el ámbito de cuidados paliativos. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la utilidad de la ecografía clínica en una unidad de cuidados paliativos (UCP). Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de pacientes ingresados en una UCP entre enero y julio de 2019. Se realizaron ecografías clínicas a todos los pacientes que precisaban de una mayor precisión diagnóstica para realizar un abordaje paliativo terapéutico adecuado y efectivo. Resultados: De los 202 pacientes que ingresaron se realizaron 44 ecografías (21,8 %). Las sospechas diagnósticas principales fueron: ascitis, retención aguda de orina, derrame pleural y enfermedad tromboembólica. El uso de la ecografía clínica significó una modificación de diagnóstico en el 52,3 % de los pacientes. Con ello se pudieron evitar el 69,5 % de las posibles maniobras invasivas que hubieran resultado fútiles, fundamentalmente paracentesis evacuadoras y sondajes vesicales. Conclusiones: La ecografía clínica resultó útil para confirmar o descartar diagnósticos inciertos, especialmente sospechas de ascitis y retenciones agudas de orina, mejorando la precisión diagnóstica. La certeza en el diagnóstico permite adecuar el tratamiento y evitar maniobras invasivas fútiles, mejorando así el confort del paciente. (AU)


Introduction and objectives: The use of bedside ultrasound as a regular tool in clinical practice has increased steadily over the past few years due to its many advantages. It is safe, fast, and portable. It allows physicians to make decisions on the spot, thus depending less on an expert radiologist. Currently, there is a lack of literature on clinical ultrasound in the setting of palliative care. The present study aimed to describe the usefulness of clinical ultrasound in a palliative care unit at a hospice health center. Materials and methods: A descriptive observational study of patients admitted to a palliative care unit between January and July 2019. Clinical ultrasound examinations were performed on all patients who needed enhanced diagnostic accuracy for the provision of an adequate, effective therapeutic/palliative approach. Results: There were 202 patients admitted, and 44 of them had a sonogram performed (21.8 %). The main diagnostic suspicions were: ascites, acute urine retention, pleural effusion, and thromboembolic event. The use of clinical ultrasound entailed a modification of the initial diagnostic suspicion in 52.3 % of cases. As a result, 69.5 % of futile invasive techniques, mainly paracentesis and bladder catheters, were avoided. Conclusions: Clinical ultrasound is useful for confirming or discarding uncertain diagnoses, especially the diagnostic suspicion of ascites and acute urinary retention, improving diagnostic accuracy. Certainty in a diagnosis allows the physician to adapt treatment and to avoid futile invasive techniques, thus improving patient comfort. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Palliative Care , Ultrasonography , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Ascites
2.
Med. paliat ; 23(4): 165-171, oct.-nov. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-156956

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia de delirium en los pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad oncológica avanzada y terminal ingresados en una unidad de cuidados paliativos (UCP). Analizar la prevalencia relacionada con factores sociodemográficos y clínicos. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional descriptivo durante 6 años (2007-2012) de los pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad oncológica en fase avanzada y terminal ingresados consecutivamente en una UCP. Se recogieron las siguientes variables: diagnóstico de delirium, edad, género, índice de Karnofsky, localización tumoral primaria, extensión de la enfermedad, síntomas (dolor, disnea) y mortalidad. RESULTADOS: De los 1.995 pacientes ingresados en la UCP durante los 6 años, 1.826 (91,5%) fueron incluidos en el estudio por presentar enfermedad oncológica. De los 1.826 pacientes, 497 (27,2%) presentaron delirium. La edad media fue de 72,3±11,7 años, el 77,3% presentaron enfermedad metastásica y el 79,9% fallecieron durante el ingreso. La frecuencia del género masculino (66% vs.61%) y la presencia de dolor (58% vs.45,9%) fueron significativamente superiores en los pacientes con delirium que en los pacientes sin él. No se hallaron diferencias significativas respecto a la edad media y a la frecuencia de disnea. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los pacientes≤75 años y los>75 años respecto a la prevalencia de delirium (27,6% vs.26,8%). Las localizaciones tumorales primarias que presentaron frecuencias más altas de delirium fueron: cerebral (39,3%), hepática (36%), y riñón y vías urinarias (34,5%). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de delirium en los pacientes con cáncer avanzado y terminal ingresados en una UCP fue del 27,2%. La prevalencia no fue mayor en edades avanzadas. El delirium fue significativamente más frecuente en hombres y en pacientes con dolor. Los pacientes con tumor cerebral primario presentaron una mayor frecuencia de delirium


OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of delirium in patients admitted to a palliative care unit (PCU) diagnosed with advanced cancer disease, and its associated sociodemographic and clinical factors. METHOD: An observational study was conducted during a 6-year period (2007-2012) of patients suffering from an advanced cancer disease admitted to a PCU. Variables: delirium diagnosis, age, gender, Karnofsky performance status, primary tumour location, tumour stage, symptoms (pain, dyspnoea), and mortality. RESULTS: Of the 1,995 patients admitted to PCU in the study period 1,826 patients diagnosed with advanced cancer were included. Of these 1,826 patients, 497 (27.2%) suffered from delirium. The mean age was 72.3±11.7 years, and 77.3% had metastatic disease, and 79.9% died during admission. The frequency of male gender (66% vs.61%) and the presence of pain (58% vs.45.9%) were significantly higher in patients with delirium than in patients without delirium. No significant statistically differences in the mean age and the presence of dyspnoea were found. There were no significant differences between patients≤75 years and>75 years (27.6% vs.26.8%) for the prevalence of delirium. Within primary tumour locations, the major prevalence of delirium was in brain (39.3%), liver (36%), and kidney-urinary tract (34.5%) tumours. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of delirium in advanced cancer patients admitted to a PCU was 27.2%. Prevalence of delirium was not associated with advanced age. Delirium was significantly more prevalent in men, and in patients who suffered from pain. Patients with primary brain tumour had the highest incidence of delirium


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospice Care/organization & administration , Neoplasms/therapy , Delirium/epidemiology , Prevalence , Terminally Ill/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 46(5): 265-267, sept.-oct. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-91131

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar si la fuerza de prensión manual (FPM) es un factor pronóstico de mortalidad en una unidad de cuidados paliativos (UCP), mediante dos apartados, A1: la FPM al ingreso y A2: la evolución de la FPM en los 12 primeros días de ingreso. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, prospectivo, comparativo de pacientes con cáncer avanzado ingresados consecutivamente durante 4 meses en una UCP. Se realizaron 4 determinaciones seriadas mediante un dinamómetro tipo JAMAR® 5030J1; 78 pacientes cumplieron criterios de inclusión, de los cuales aceptaron participar 61 (78,2%). Resultados. Objetivo A1: de los 61 pacientes incluidos, los sobrevivientes (n=25) diferían –1,8±0,8 desviaciones estándar (DE) de los valores de referencia por edad y sexo, y los que fueron defunciones (n=36) –1,9±1,1 (p=0,6). Con esta muestra se realizó un análisis de supervivencia. Se subdividió la muestra en aquellos que estaban a > –2 DE (n=34) y los que estaban < –2 DE (n=27) (p=0,3). Se incluyó en el objetivo A2 a aquellos pacientes que llegaron a hacer 4 determinaciones (n=49; al alta 26 fueron defunciones y 23 vivos). Las diferencias entre las determinaciones no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Únicamente la comparación entre el diferencial entre la 4.a y la 1.a determinación en los dos grupos mostró un resultado significativo (p=0,01). Conclusiones. La FPM medida al inicio del ingreso, así como en los 12 primeros días, no fue un factor pronóstico de mortalidad en la muestra obtenida(AU)


Objective. To determine whether hand grip strength (HGS) is a prognostic factor for mortality in a palliative care unit (PCU), using two variables: A1: The HP on admission; A2: The progression of the HGS in the first 12days of admission. Material and methods. A prospective, observational and comparative study of patients with advanced cancer admitted consecutively over a 4 month period into a PCU. A series of 4 determinations of HGS were made using a JAMAR® 5030J1 dynamometer. A total of 78 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 61 (78.2%) agreed to take part. Results. Objective A1: Of the 61 enrolled patients, the survivors (n=25) differed by -1.8 (Standard Deviation (SD) 0.8) from the reference values for age and gender, and for those that died (n=36) it was -1.9 (1.1) (P=.6). A survival analysis was performed with this sample. The sample was subdivided into those who were > –2 SD (n=34) and those < –2 SD (n=27) (P=.3). Those patients who managed 4 determinations (n=49) were included in objective A2. At discharge there were 26 deaths and 23 alive. There were no statistically significant differences between the determinations. Only the comparison between the difference between the 4th and 1st determination in the two groups showed a significant result (P=.01). Conclusions. The HGS measured at admission, as well as in the first 12days, was not a prognostic factor for mortality in the sample studied(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Palliative Care/methods , Palliative Care/trends , Palliative Care , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prognosis , Muscle Strength Dynamometer , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/therapy , Prospective Studies , Informed Consent
5.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 46(5): 265-7, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21601959

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hand grip strength (HGS) is a prognostic factor for mortality in a palliative care unit (PCU), using two variables: A1: The HP on admission; A2: The progression of the HGS in the first 12days of admission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, observational and comparative study of patients with advanced cancer admitted consecutively over a 4 month period into a PCU. A series of 4 determinations of HGS were made using a JAMAR(®) 5030J1 dynamometer. A total of 78 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 61 (78.2%) agreed to take part. RESULTS: Objective A1: Of the 61 enrolled patients, the survivors (n=25) differed by -1.8 (Standard Deviation (SD) 0.8) from the reference values for age and gender, and for those that died (n=36) it was -1.9 (1.1) (P=.6). A survival analysis was performed with this sample. The sample was subdivided into those who were > -2 SD (n=34) and those < -2 SD (n=27) (P=.3). Those patients who managed 4 determinations (n=49) were included in objective A2. At discharge there were 26 deaths and 23 alive. There were no statistically significant differences between the determinations. Only the comparison between the difference between the 4th and 1st determination in the two groups showed a significant result (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: The HGS measured at admission, as well as in the first 12days, was not a prognostic factor for mortality in the sample studied.


Subject(s)
Hand Strength , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/physiopathology , Palliative Care , Aged , Humans , Neoplasms/therapy , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Survival Rate
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