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OBJECTIVE: To present the Brazilian Psychiatric Association's Consensus for the Management of Acute Intoxication. METHODS: A group of experts selected by the Brazilian Psychiatric Association searched for articles in the MEDLINE (by PubMed) and Cochrane Database, limited to human studies and acute intoxication. Groups reviewed these materials for appropriateness to the topic and the quality of the work. To perform a table of agreed recommendations at the end of the systematic review, a survey using the Delphi method was conducted. Three survey rounds were conducted to develop a consensus. RESULTS: Support for intoxication may start with Initial Management: Resuscitation/Life Support/Differential Diagnosis. For that, the group proposed these orders of assessment: A (airway), B (breathing), C (circulation), D.1. (disability), D.2. (differential diagnosis), D.3. (decontamination), D.4. (drug antidotes), E (enhanced elimination). Then, the group of experts presented specific interventions for the main drugs of abuse. CONCLUSIONS: The approach to intoxication with drugs of abuse is complex and requires systematic protocols. The group of experts suggested the adoption of the classic use in welcoming the patient of the A-B-C-D-E technique with constant investigation of this patient until reaching a specific conduct and with the support to remit the picture. The group of experts believes that this document, at this time, can help psychiatric, general, and emergency doctors deal with psychiatric emergency episodes due to acute intoxication.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The worldwide prevalences of anxiety and depressive disorders are 3.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Among medical students, many studies have indicated that the prevalences of these mental disorders vary between 19.7% and 47.1%, but there is a lack of information on psychotropic drug usage in this group of students. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of psychotropic drug use, adherence to therapy and main clinical and diagnostic indications relating to psychotropic drug use among medical students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at a Brazilian private university in the city of Sorocaba, state of São Paulo. METHODS: Observational analytical cross-sectional study, conducted during the second semester of 2019, through a semi-structured online questionnaire, answered by first to sixth-year medical students. RESULTS: Among the 263 participants (41.7% of the 630 enrolled students), the current prevalence of psychotropic drug usage was 30.4%. This prevalence increased over the course and 90.7% of the drugs were prescribed at regular medical consultations (85.5% by psychiatrists). The main indications for psychotropic drug usage were anxiety (30.0%), depression (22.8%), insomnia (7.2%), panic (5.3%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (3.8%). Women were more likely to present diagnoses of depression and panic. Most of the participants used antidepressants and had good adherence to medications. Adequate sleep and regular physical activity were identified as protective factors against mental disorders. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of mental disorders among medical students is high, which justifies the use of psychotropic drugs. This study provides valuable information and recommendations for institutional educational actions to improve students' mental health.
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BACKGROUND: The worldwide prevalences of anxiety and depressive disorders are 3.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Among medical students, many studies have indicated that the prevalences of these mental disorders vary between 19.7% and 47.1%, but there is a lack of information on psychotropic drug usage in this group of students. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of psychotropic drug use, adherence to therapy and main clinical and diagnostic indications relating to psychotropic drug use among medical students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at a Brazilian private university in the city of Sorocaba, state of São Paulo. METHODS: Observational analytical cross-sectional study, conducted during the second semester of 2019, through a semi-structured online questionnaire, answered by first to sixth-year medical students. RESULTS: Among the 263 participants (41.7% of the 630 enrolled students), the current prevalence of psychotropic drug usage was 30.4%. This prevalence increased over the course and 90.7% of the drugs were prescribed at regular medical consultations (85.5% by psychiatrists). The main indications for psychotropic drug usage were anxiety (30.0%), depression (22.8%), insomnia (7.2%), panic (5.3%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (3.8%). Women were more likely to present diagnoses of depression and panic. Most of the participants used antidepressants and had good adherence to medications. Adequate sleep and regular physical activity were identified as protective factors against mental disorders. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of mental disorders among medical students is high, which justifies the use of psychotropic drugs. This study provides valuable information and recommendations for institutional educational actions to improve students' mental health.
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Mental Disorders , Students, Medical , Substance-Related Disorders , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Mental Disorders/drug therapy , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Students, Medical/psychologyABSTRACT
Abstract: Introduction: Medical residency can cause burnout syndrome, a physical, emotional and mental state of extreme exhaustion. Objective: This research sought to describe and analyze the prevalence of burnout in resident physicians linked to a teaching Hospital and to verify whether there is a correlation with sociodemographic and socioeconomic data. Method: This is an analytical, cross-sectional and quantitative study using the MBI (Malasch Burnout Inventory) version HSS (Human Services Survey), the Brazilian Economic Classification Criterion (CCEB) of ABEP and sociodemographic questions. Result: Of the enrolled residents, 102 participated in the survey. Of these, 76.47% showed a high level in at least one of the three domains of the burnout index and 21.57% of the residents showed a high level of burnout. There was a significant relationship between a larger number of children and the presence of emotional exhaustion (P=0.047), a higher frequency of depersonalization for surgical area residents (P=0.013) and reduced professional accomplishment, with an average income of R$ 2,965.69 and R$ 10,386.52 (P=0.006). No significant relationship was found between burnout and sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables. Conclusion: The results show that resident physicians are exposed to situations that contribute to high levels of stress and distress. Further studies on the subject are still necessary.
Resumo: Introdução: A residência médica pode causar a síndrome de burnout, um estado físico, emocional e mental de exaustão extrema. Objetivo: Buscou-se com esta pesquisa descrever e analisar a prevalência de burnout em médicos residentes vinculados a um hospital-escola e verificar se há correlação com dados sociodemográficos e socioeconômicos. Método: Este é um estudo analítico, transversal e quantitativo realizado por meio do Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) versão Human Services Survey (HSS), do Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (CCEB) da Abep e de perguntas sociodemográficas. Resultado: Dos 221 residentes matriculados, 102 participaram da pesquisa. Destes, 76,47% apresentaram alto nível em pelo menos um dos três domínios do índice de burnout e 21,57% dos residentes exibiram alto nível de burnout. Houve relação significativa entre maior número de filhos e presença de exaustão emocional (p = 0,047), maior frequência de despersonalização para residentes da área cirúrgica (p = 0,013) e reduzida realização profissional com a renda média de R$ 2.965,69 e R$ 10.386,52 (p = 0,006). Não foi encontrada relação significativa entre burnout e as variáveis sociodemográficas e socioeconômicas. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam que os médicos residentes estão expostos a situações que contribuem para os altos níveis de estresse e angústia. Ainda são necessários mais estudos sobre o tema.
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Resumo: Introdução: A atividade de mentoria pode ser vista como um relacionamento especial entre mentor e mentorado que pode contribuir para a transição entre o ensino médio e a universidade. No ano de 2020, com a pandemia de Covid-19, houve a necessidade de migração súbita das atividades presenciais acadêmicas para o ensino utilizando as plataformas digitais, o que desencadeou mudanças na estratégia pedagógica das escolas médicas e, consequentemente, impactou as atividades de mentoria. Relato de experiência: Por meio de análise do discurso dos mentores do primeiro ano do curso de Medicina de uma universidade particular, ao longo do ano de 2020, discutimos os registros que ocorreram em tempo real após cada encontro semanal em sala virtual exclusiva, na qual os mentores podiam compartilhar livremente suas impressões, considerações e depoimentos sobre o desenvolvimento de cada sessão de mentoria. Discussão: A mentoria não trata apenas do desempenho acadêmico, mas também proporciona uma visão mais ampla das questões relacionadas ao estudante e ao seu contexto, favorecendo o desenvolvimento do docente, do discente e da instituição. A mudança para as plataformas digitais não se mostrou um problema, com rápida adaptação dos envolvidos. A percepção de pertencimento e a participação do grupo foram fatores importantes no desenvolvimento da mentoria, e o acolhimento saudável dos estudantes e mentores demonstrou um fortalecimento no senso de auto humanidade. Conclusão: Estudantes e mentores cultivaram um espaço para discussão de suas rotinas no desenvolvimento do ensino e aprendizagem. Diante do cenário epidemiológico atípico, houve a percepção de que os estudantes enfrentaram problemas semelhantes e buscaram, em conjunto, sugestões para soluções. Os mentores concluíram que uma programação comum, formal, para as sessões de mentoria não deveria ser aplicada rotineiramente.
Abstract: Introduction: The mentoring activity can be seen as a special relationship between mentor and mentee, which can contribute to the transition from high school to university. In 2020, amid the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a sudden shift from face-to-face academic activities to meetings using digital platforms, triggering changes in the educational strategy of medical schools, and, consequently, impacting mentoring activities. Experience report: Through discourse analysis of accounts given by mentors of first year medical students at a private university in 2020, we discussed the records made in real time after each weekly meeting in an exclusive virtual room, in which they could freely share their experiences, impressions, considerations and testimonies about the development of each mentoring session. Discussion: Mentoring is not just about academic performance and provides a broader view of issues related to the student and their context, favoring the development of the teacher (mentor), student (mentee) and even the institution. The change to digital platforms was not a problem, as those involved swiftly adapted accordingly. The perception of belonging and participation in the group were important factors in the development of mentoring and the healthy reception of students and mentors demonstrated a strengthening in the sense of self humanity. Conclusion: Mentees and mentors cultivated a space for discussing their routines in the development of teaching and learning. In view of the atypical epidemiological scenario, there was a perception that students faced similar problems and sought suggestions for solutions together. Mentors concluded that a common, formal schedule for mentoring sessions should not be applied routinely.
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Humans , Education, Medical/methods , Mentoring , COVID-19 , Schools, Medical , Mentors/psychology , FacultyABSTRACT
Psychiatric emergencies are severe behavioral changes secondary to worsening mental illness. Such situations present a risk to the patient and other people, so they need immediate therapeutic intervention. They are associated with feelings of fear, anger, prejudice, and even exclusion. The attitudes of professionals and factors related to the workplace culture in health can help to perpetuate stereotypes and interfere with the quality of care. Stigma has undesirable consequences in patients with mental disorders. Certain measures can reduce stigma and provide a more dignified way for patients to recover from the crisis. This article aims to discuss the causes of stigma, ways of dealing with it, and achievements that have been made in psychiatric emergency care settings.
