Combination of diclofenac plus somatostatin in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Pancreatitis is the most common complication of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and many pharmacoprophylactic approaches have been suggested, though not without controversy. The aim was to investigate the impact of combined therapy with diclofenac plus somatostatin on reducing the frequency and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in two tertiary referral centers, with 540 eligible patients randomized to receive either combined therapy with diclofenac 100 mg rectally 30 to 60 minutes before ERCP plus somatostatin 0.25 mg/h for 6 hours (group A), or a placebo suppository identical in appearance to the diclofenac along with saline solution (group B). Patients were clinically evaluated and serum amylase levels were determined before ERCP and at 6 and 24 hours post-procedure. Standardized criteria were used to diagnose and grade the severity of PEP. Adverse events were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the groups regarding demographic data, ERCP findings, and procedure risk factors for PEP. The overall incidence of acute pancreatitis was 7.2 %. The PEP rate was significantly lower in the patients who received the combination therapy than in controls (4.7 % vs. 10.4 %, P = 0.015). Previous history of acute pancreatitis (P = 0.001), pancreatic opacification of first-class branches and beyond (P = 0.008), and absence of pharmacoprophylaxis (P = 0.023) were identified as independent risk factors for PEP in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Although combined prophylactic therapy with diclofenac plus somatostatin was promising in reducing frequency of PEP, further comparative large-scale studies are needed to confirm our findings before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Can capsule endoscopy be used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of nonbleeding indications in daily clinical practice? A prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy (CE) and its impact on treatment and outcome in patients without bleeding indications. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-five nonbleeding patients were enrolled in the study. The most common indications for CE were chronic abdominal pain alone (33 patients) or combined with chronic diarrhea (31 patients) and chronic diarrhea alone (30 patients). Among the 165 patients, 129 underwent CE for evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms and 36 for surveillance or disease staging. RESULTS: CE findings were positive, suspicious and negative in 73 (44.2%), 13 (7.9%) and 79 (47.9%) of cases, respectively. The diagnostic yield was highest in patients with refractory celiac disease (10/10, 100%) and suspected Crohn's disease (5/6, 83.3%), followed by patients with chronic abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea (13/31, 41.9%), established Crohn's disease (2/6, 33.3%), chronic diarrhea alone (8/30, 26.7%), chronic abdominal pain alone (8/33, 24.2%) and other indications (3/13, 23.1%) (p < 0.005). The CE findings led to a change of medication in 74 (47.7%) patients, surgery in 15 (9.7%), administration of a strict gluten-free or other special diet in 13 (8.4%) and had other consequences in 11 (6.7%). Management was not modified in 42 (27.1%) patients. Among symptomatic patients (n = 129), 29 (22.5%) were lost to follow-up. The remaining 100 patients were followed up for 8.7 ± 4.0 months (range 2-19). Among the latter, resolution or improvement of symptoms was observed in 86 (86%) patients, no change in 11 (11%) and 3 (3%) died. All 86 patients who experienced resolution or improvement of their symptoms had a modification of their management after CE; only 7/11 patients whose symptoms did not change (63.6%) and 2/3 patients who died (66.7%) had a modification of management (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CE appears to be a useful tool in the evaluation of patients with nonbleeding indications. The outcome of most patients with negative findings was excellent.

Video capsule endoscopy findings in subacute superior mesenteric vein thrombosis.

BACKGROUND: Subacute superior mesenteric vein thrombosis is a rare ischemic intestinal disease which is often characterized by delayed diagnosis due to obscure clinical picture. CASE REPORT: A 67-year-old woman who presented chronic abdominal pain with mild nausea due to superior mesenteric vein thrombosis was submitted to video capsule endoscopy. We describe, for the first time, the video capsule endoscopy findings in this patient. CONCLUSION: We emphasize the role of this new technology in the diagnosis of suspected ischemic intestinal diseases.