ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In recent past, there has been a rush to legalize marijuana along with a lot of support for its medicinal uses. This review intends to discuss the medicinal uses of marijuana and its adverse effects based on the current available evidence. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of legalization of marijuana. METHODOLOGY: This was a narrative review for which a thorough literature search was conducted on the Medline and PubMed databases. A detailed search of the Internet to find relevant information on webpages was also performed. RESULTS: High-quality evidence for the majority of medical indications of marijuana remains investigational. Most of the available literature compares it against placebos. Postlegalization usage of marijuana has increased. CONCLUSION: It would be prudent to wait for studies which prove beyond doubt the advantages of marijuana over the existing drugs and also outweigh its side effects and addiction potential. Moreover, further legalization of marijuana should only be considered after evaluating its effects at places where it is already legally available.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy , Mouth Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Female , Humans , Male , Matched-Pair Analysis , Middle Aged , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Oral Surgical Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Failure , Young AdultSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Dyskeratosis Congenita , Tongue Diseases , Tongue Neoplasms , Humans , TongueABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) scans to detect residual disease in neck nodes with the Histopathology (HPR) as the gold standard. To obtain a Standardized Uptake Value max cutoff in these patients to predict residual disease in neck. METHODS: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent Salvage neck dissection with or without primary site surgery post Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy (CCRT) during the period January 2008-December 2017 were included. All patients had response assessment PET-CT scan at 10-14 weeks. Agreement analysis was performed between PET-CT and HPR, fine needle aspiration cytology and HPR. Positive predictive value, Negative predictive value of PET-CT to detect residual neck nodal disease in comparison to HPR was analyzed. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted between the SUV max values and the HPR. A SUV max cutoff value was obtained from the ROC curve. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients were included. Thirty-one underwent salvage neck dissection along with surgery for primary disease and 45 underwent salvage neck dissection alone. PET-CT showed good agreement with the HPR to detect residual disease in neck nodes (Kappa=0.604). PET-CT had a PPV and NPV of 87.5% and 79.15% respectively as compared against the HPR. A SUV max cutoff of 4.62 had a specificity of 92.3% and sensitivity of 73.5% to detect residual disease in neck nodes on the HPR. CONCLUSION: PET-CT surveillance is an accepted treatment strategy. A neck node with SUV max of 4.62 and above is most likely to harbor residual nodal disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2b.
