ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Spiritual intelligence is better defined as a capacity to discover and develop true meaning, deep purpose, and vision in life. The purpose of the present study was to determine the predictive role of demographic variables affecting the overall spiritual intelligence in diabetic adolescents. METHODS: In 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 200 adolescents with type 1 diabetes referring to the Iranian Diabetes Association consenting to participate. The inclusion criteria were: age ranging from 15 to 21 years, more than a year since last diagnosed with diabetes, patients' full awareness of their disease, not having other physical-psychological illnesses, and not taking any psychiatric or narcotic drugs. Spiritual intelligence was measured using the Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory questionnaire consisting of 24-questions. The alpha Cronbach's method was applied to validate the questionnaire in terms of content, form, and data with the reliability calculated as 0.903. Demographic data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. RESULTS: On total, 56% of the participants were female, 17.10 ± 1.85, and the mean duration of diabetes was 5.98% ± 3.79%, 62.5% reported diabetes history among immediate relatives. Forty-two percent of the participants were the oldest child in the family first children of the family and 29.5% were studying at the university. The mean score of spiritual intelligence was 60.42 60.42 ing from 15 to 21 years regression test using the enter method (ANOVA: 0.703, F: 0.739) showed that none of the demographic components explored did not significantly alter the scores that assessed spiritual intelligence. CONCLUSION: The outcome of the current study portrayed that demographic features do not necessarily alter the overall spiritual intelligence scores, thereby not necessarily affecting an individual's overall spirituality.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Self-management leads to blood glucose control and reduced morbidity and mortality in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Different factors affect the self-management whose role and effect are still unknown. Among the influential factors whose effect is vague are spiritual intelligence, and this study aims to investigate the predictive role of spiritual intelligence in diabetes management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive-correlation study, 200 adolescents with type 1 diabetes were enrolled. To measure spiritual intelligence, the 24-question SISRI questionnaire and to measure self-management of diabetes, the SMOD-A questionnaire (48 questions) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 using linear regression analysis tests. Data collection was conducted by simple sampling. RESULTS: Mean score of self-management of diabetes and spirituality was 86.1 ± 15.1 and 60.42 ± 12.9, respectively. Linear regression test (ANOVA: 0.002, F = 9.839) showed effect on diabetes self-management (ß: 0.218). CONCLUSION: This study showed that spiritual intelligence can predict diabetes self-management, though poorly predicted, and by strengthening it, has a decisive role in improving the health of adolescents with diabetes. Considering the findings of this study, a new window of nurses' performance in managing diabetes based on the promotion of spiritual intelligence in the educational, care, counseling, and support roles of nursing science can be opened.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients' compliance to treatment is an important indicator for evaluating the successful management in chronic illnesses. Despite the fact an applicable definition of compliance is required to suitable intervention and research, this concept is not clear and there is no consensus concerning its meaning, definition, and measurement. The aim of this study was to explore the concept of compliance and to formulate a working definition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Theoretical phase of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's Hybrid Model of concept analysis was used to analyze the concept of compliance. Data were collected by using literature reviews. Medline, CINAHL, Ovid, Elsevier, Pro Quest and Blackwell databases were searched from 1975 to 2010 using the keywords "Compliance," "Non-compliance," "Adherence," and "Concordance." Articles published in English were selected if they included adult patients with chronic illnesses and reported attributes of compliance; 23 such relevant articles were chosen. RESULTS: The attributes of compliance included patient obedience, ability to implement medical advice, flexibility, responsibility, collaboration, participation, and persistence in implementing the advices. Antecedents are organized into two interacting categories: Internal factors refer to the patient, disease, and treatment characteristics and external factors refer to the healthcare professionals, healthcare system, and socioeconomic factors. Compliance may lead to desirable and undesirable consequences. A working definition of compliance was formulated by comparing and contrasting the existing definitions with regard to its attributes which are useful in clinical practice and research. CONCLUSIONS: This finding will be useful in clinical practice and research. But this working definition has to be tested in a clinical context and a broad view of its applicability has to be obtained.
