ABSTRACT
Background: Compassion fatigue and professional quality of life are important in health and professional ethics. Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and moral injury in nurses. Research design: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The research community of this research was all the nurses of the teaching hospitals of Ardabil city. Three questionnaires on demographic characteristics, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), and the Moral Injury Events Scale were used to collect data. SPSS (version 22) software was used for data analysis. Participants and research context: The study recruited 297 nurses randomly selected from five teaching hospitals in Ardabil city. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ardabil University of Medical Sciences ethics committee (with the code of ethics IR.ARUMS.REC.1401.198). Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Results: The results showed that the mean compassion satisfaction score of this study's participants was 37.61 ± 8.86, the mean compassion fatigue score of this study's participants was 28.73 ± 7.04, and the mean secondary traumatic stress score of this study's participants was 29.95 ± 7.84. The mean score of moral injury among nurses was 31.19 ± 8.54. The results showed a negative significant relationship between compassion satisfaction and moral injury (p < 0.001). Also, there is a positive significant relationship between compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress with moral injury (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show a negative relationship between compassion satisfaction and moral injury. According to the results of the present study, nurse managers should implement educational interventions, create ethical processes, and clear ethical guidelines to reduce moral injury and increase compassion satisfaction.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files were introduced to optimize root canal instrumentation in endodontic treatment. However, despite the numerous advantages of NiTi instruments, they may unexpectedly break during clinical use, resulting in obstruction of the root canal system. This investigation aimed to assess the effect of cryotherapy on fracture resistance of Neoniti rotary files. Materials and Methods: This in vitro, study was conducted on 20 Neoniti rotary files with #35 tip size and 6% taper in two groups with and without cryogenic treatment (N=10). For cryogenic treatment, the files were immersed in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for 24 hours. Next, the Neoniti files in both groups were subjected to cyclic fatigue testing in a hand-piece operating at 500 rpm with 20 N/cm torque. The files were rotated until fracture and the fracture time as well as the number of cycles to fracture were recorded for each file. The two groups were compared by independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The number of cycles to fracture was 235700±50649.22 in the control and 280600±22979.21 in the cryotherapy group. The mean fracture time was 471.40±101.29 and 561.20±45.958 seconds in the control and cryotherapy groups, respectively. Significant differences in both variables were noted between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on our findings, utilizing cryogenic treatment may enhance the fracture resistance of rotary instruments, making it a beneficial practice for dental clinicians to adopt. By using cryogenically treated rotary instruments, clinicians can potentially reduce the risk of file fracture during dental procedures.
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Statement of the Problem: Subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is the gold stand-ard treatment for root coverage procedure; however, this technique has limitations such as the need for a donor site and the difficulty of the harvesting procedure. The potential bene-fits of Mucoderm®, a collagen matrix derived from porcine dermis, as an alternative treat-ment for root coverage can be investigated. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Mucoderm® for root coverage and compare its results with SCTG. Materials and Method: This double-blind split-mouth randomized clinical trial was con-ducted on seven patients with 12 bilateral gingival recessions (24 recession sites). Coronally advanced flap + Mucoderm® was applied on one side and coronally advanced flap + con-nective tissue graft (CTG) was applied on the contralateral side. We measured the periodon-tal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession depth (RD), keratinized tissue width (KTW) and gingival thickness (GT) with a surgical stent at baseline (preopera-tively) and at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used to analyse the data. Results: The mean percentage of root coverage was 26% in the Mucoderm® group and 60% in the SCTG group at 6 months, compared with baseline. The mean percentage of root coverage was significantly different between the two groups (p Value< 0.05). The results indicated that Mucoderm® did not increase the KTW, while CTG significantly increased the KTW (p Value< 0.05 at 1, 3 and 6 months). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Mucoderm® might not be an appropriate alternative for the CTG in root coverage procedures.
ABSTRACT
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the osteopromoting ability of human tooth powder and compare it to a bovine xenograft, a synthetic material, and the DFDBA allograft. Methods: In this in vitro study, 30 teeth without caries, inflammation, and infection, which had been extracted for orthodontic reasons, were collected. The crowns were removed, pulpectomy was carried out, and the samples were ground to a powder with particles <500 µm. Osteoblast-like cells of MG-63 were cultured with the tooth powder, Cerabone, DFDBA, and Osteon II. Cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT assay at 24- and 72-hour intervals. The alizarin red test was carried out after three and five days. The alkaline phosphatase level was measured after 24, 48, and 72 hours to assess the osteoblastic activity. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results: According to the MTT assay, all the materials exhibited a higher proliferation rate than the control group in 24 hours. In 72 hours, DFDBA had the lowest cell proliferation rate at concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/mL. DFDBA and the positive control group were able to create calcified nodules by the alizarin red test. At the 48- and 72-hour intervals, DFDBA had the lowest alkaline phosphatase activity at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. At the 72-hour interval, bovine xenograft had the highest alkaline phosphatase level, followed by the synthetic material and tooth powder. Conclusion: The tooth powder was able to increase cell proliferation in comparison with the bovine xenograft, the synthetic graft, and the DFDBA. However, its osteopromoting ability was less than that of the osteogenic materials.
